Showing papers in "Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 1983"

TL;DR: It is concluded that vitamin E, which is largely present as alpha-tocopherol, is the only significant lipid-soluble, chain-breaking type of antioxidant present in human blood.

TL;DR: It was shown that, for the former three amino acids, known to have a positive surface tension increment, their perturbation of the surface free energy of water is consistent with their preferential exclusion from the protein surface.

TL;DR: The permeability of phospholipid membranes to the superoxide anion (O-2) was determined using soybean phospholIPid vesicles containing FMN in the internal space and chloroplast thylakoids showed little permeability to O-2.

TL;DR: It is now clear that the nonenzymatic conversion of methionine residues in proteins to Met(O) can occur both in vitro and in vivo and that this oxidation is associated with loss of biological activity in a wide range of proteins and peptides.

TL;DR: Interestingly enough, castanospermine also inhibited the lysosomal α-glucosidase, and this inhibition required comparable levels of alkaloid to that required for inhibition of β-glucocerebrosidase.

TL;DR: The complete structure of proenkephalin was deduced from both peptide and cDNA sequencing data, and is now known to be one of three enkphalin-containing gene products, each of which gives rise to many physiologically active peptides.

TL;DR: Low level glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in the absence of phospholipase A2 in the assay, and lipid hydroperoxides formed by subjecting phosphatidylcholine liposomes to iron ascorbate-induced peroxidation, or those present in aged liposome-phospholipases, were effectively reduced by glutATHione per oxidase.

TL;DR: Sex differences in drug metabolism in the rat were confirmed as explicable, at least in part, by the presence of distinct forms of cytochrome P-450 in microsomes of male and female rats.

TL;DR: Ca-transporting microsomes isolated from abdominal muscle of lobster were lyophilized in the presence and absence of trehalose, and upon rehydration, the dry membranes yielded vesicles that were morphologically indistinguishable from freshly prepared ones.

TL;DR: It is concluded that phosphorylation of a population of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complexes (LHC) in grana partitions causes the migration of these pigment proteins from the PS II-rich appressed membranes into the Photosystem I (PS I) enriched unstacked regions, which increases the absorptive cross section of PS I.

TL;DR: This chapter discusses spectroscopic features of 3Fe clusters, which are important for cluster interconversions, and investigates the role of iron ligands in the structure of these clusters.

TL;DR: The results are consistent with a peroxidative stress in chronic alcoholism leading to increased lipoperoxidation and decreased levels of antioxidants.

TL;DR: The results showed that initially opaque scars which contained the large interfibrillar spaces also contained unusually large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans with glycosaminoglycan side chains of normal size, suggesting that the corneal stromal proteoglyCans may play a fundamental role in regulating cornesal collagen fibril spacing.

TL;DR: C6 cell membranes may possess certain "processing" enzyme(s) responsible for releasing the A protomer from the IAP molecule and for reductive cleavage of an intrachain disulfide bond in the released protomer, thereby producing an active peptide which functions to cause ADP-ribosylation of one of the subunits of guanine nucleotide regulatory protein in the receptor-adenylate cyclase system.

TL;DR: The binding of Cu2+ to histidine or albumin at physiological concentrations decreases the formation of OH radicals in free solution in the presence of either ascorbate or an (O2- -generating system) system.

TL;DR: Results indicate that acetaldehyde can covalently bind to protein and form unstable as well as stable adducts.

TL;DR: The wide variation found in the kinetic properties of RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase isolated from diverse species appears to be determined in part by past evolutionary pressures and the present physicochemical environment in which the enzyme functions.

TL;DR: The inability of the 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid to serve as a suitable substrate for this enzyme is discussed in light of recent studies concerning possible unique physiological functions for this metabolite.

TL;DR: Menadione-induced chemiluminescence of the perfused rat liver does not only arise from menadione itself but from the menADione-GSH conjugate as well, and the conjugation of the quinone with glutathione is not in itself of protective nature and does not abolish semiquinone formation.

TL;DR: The enzymatic activity of the purified activator was quenched by anti-urokinase antibody and therefore established it to be a new form of urokinase.

TL;DR: The maintenance of steady-state conditions for proteoglycan metabolism by either adult or calf tissue in the presence of serum in these cultures should provide a useful model for studying the regulation of synthesis and catabolism of proteoglycans by chondrocytes residing in a nearly normal extracellular matrix for long periods of time.

TL;DR: No evidence was found for the accumulation of valproic acid in the central nervous system are independent of the formation of this metabolite, and it is proposed that either valproyl-CoA itself or the sequestration of CoA causes inhibition of metabolic processes.

TL;DR: Tocopherol held in positively charged micelles or membranes was oxidized at a higher rate by the O(2) than in uncharged or negative particles, and possible biological significance of these results is discussed.

TL;DR: It is suggested that substantial quantities of this aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible isozyme exist in the hepatic microsomes of some untreated S. chrysops, and this aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase extends the understanding of the metabolism patterns observed in hepaticmicrosomes isolated from untreated fish.

TL;DR: This study reports the purification of two separate and distinct rat liver UDPGT isoenzymes capable of conjugating p-nitrophenol, only one of which is inducible by 3-methylcholanthrene treatment.

TL;DR: Monoclonal antibodies with an apparent specificity for human small-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous carcinoma of the lung are produced by some hybridomas obtained from mice and rats immunized with an established line of human small cell lung cancer.

TL;DR: A computer data-bank search using a mutation data matrix and comparison with 338,327 segments of proteins revealed that this substance should be classified as belonging to a new protein superfamily.

TL;DR: Heterogeneity of human myeloperoxidase is accompanied by differences in cellular compartmentalization, enzymatic activity, and subunit structure, as well as charge heterogeneity observed on CM-cellulose.