Showing papers in "Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 1998"

TL;DR: Critical issues regarding this biological process, namely the biochemical pathways for nitration of tyrosine residues in vivo, potential protein targets, and pathophysiological consequences of protein tyrosines nitration are addressed.

TL;DR: Equol and its 4-hydroxy and 5-Hydroxy derivatives were the most potent antioxidants in the study, suggesting that absence of the 2, 3-double bond and the 4-oxo group on the isoflavone nucleus enhances antioxidant activity.

TL;DR: The only estrogenic compound with significant antioxidant activity was kaempferol, better known as a dietary antioxidant than a phytoestrogen, which may indicate little significance as antioxidants in vivo.

TL;DR: This work shows that trehalose has a larger hydrated volume than other related sugars, and correlates this property with the ability to protect the structure and function of enzymes against thermal inactivation, and concludes that the higher size exclusion effect is responsible for the difference in efficiency of protection against Thermal inactivation of enzymes.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the binding of tau to microtubules is controlled by the phosphorylation of several sites, among which are Thr 231, Ser 235, and Ser 262.

TL;DR: Results suggest that ascorbate within the erythrocyte protects α-tocopherol in the cell membrane by a direct recycling mechanism.

TL;DR: MPO catalyzedNitration of many proteins in rat heart homogenates using NO2- plus H2O2, suggesting that peroxidase-catalyzed nitration of tyrosine could occur in the presence of competing substrates in vivo.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the heme degradation products BR and BV are AhR ligands which can regulate the AhR-dependent gene expression pathway.

TL;DR: It is found that for normal cartilage the collagen network does not become "limp" until the volume of cartilage has decreased by 20-25% of its initial value and that its contribution to the balance of forces in cartilage therefore must be taken into account over a much wider range of hydrations than was previously thought.

TL;DR: It is reported that the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin is fragmented by caspase(s) to various extents during early apoptosis in two cell types and proposed that the proteolysis of calpastatins might have yet unidentified effects on the cross-talk between the two protease systems.

TL;DR: Inhibitor studies showed that heart mitochondria were the most sensitive and responsive to antimycin, while brain was the mostsensitive to rotenone and NADH-linked substrate-supported H2O2 generation in kidney mitochondria was not responsive to rotonone.

TL;DR: It is deduced that bilirubin in plasma cannot react to a significant extent with peroxynitrite, and it is suggested that bilIRubin, through a hydrogen donation mechanism, participates as a scavenger of secondary oxidants formed in the oxidative process.

TL;DR: The data in this study suggest that nitroxyl may contribute to the cytotoxicity associated with an enhanced expression of the L-arginine:NO pathway under different biological conditions.

TL;DR: It is clear that the rate of formation and turnover of the large monomer is much more rapid than the final degradation of the free binding region fragments, which explains the accumulation of the latter in cartilage during aging.

TL;DR: Gallic acid and its alkyl esters have been studied on several tumoral and nontumoral cells in which morphological characteristics such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and appearance of apoptotic bodies can be evidenced by microscopical observation.

TL;DR: A multialignment and a phylogenetic analysis of 63 cystatins demonstrate that all PhYCys cluster in a major evolutionary tree branch and support the classification of PhyCys as a new cystatin family.

TL;DR: Results of this study indicate that during autooxidation of mitochondria, alpha-tocopherol acts as the direct radical scavenger, whereas ubiquinol regenerates alpha-tropopherol.

TL;DR: The remarkable reactivity of the critical thiol group in GAPDH (Cys-149) toward peroxynitrite, which is one order of magnitude higher than that of previously studied sulfhydryls, indicate that it may constitute a preferential intracellular target for peroxlynitrite.

TL;DR: It has been shown that small proteoglycans containing leucine-rich repeats in their core proteins can form complexes with TGF-beta, a ubiquitously found molecule of the extracellular matrix, and binding domains on its core protein were investigated using recombinant decorin fragments generated as fusion proteins in prokaryotes.

TL;DR: In ischemic tissues nitrite can be primarily a source rather than a product of NO, and under these conditions the magnitude of this enzyme-independent NO generation may exceed that which can be generated by tissue concentrations of nitric oxide synthase.

TL;DR: Examination of the CHP-derived products of the EOD reactions revealed the formation of mainly 2-phenyl-2-propanol due to the heterolytic cleavage of CHP, which may explain why 2B1 is not as efficient as 2B3 or 2B2-G303S in carrying out theCHP-supported reactions.

TL;DR: It is concluded that BHMT is a major zinc metalloenzyme in liver and that cysteineresidues are likely involved in zinc binding.

TL;DR: Analysis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase activity levels and measurement of the corresponding steady-state mRNA levels during the time course of Taxol production in induced T. canadensis suspension cell cultures indicated that for each enzyme both the level of corresponding message and catalytic activity rapidly increased after methyl jasmonate induction.

TL;DR: The results indicate that articular cartilage chondrocytes can respond to short-term compressive loads by transiently up-regulating expression of the aggrecan gene.

TL;DR: It is indicated that CYP2C19 is a primary determinant of S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation and low-Km omeprazole 5-hydroxyation in human liver and an efficient catalyst of tolbutamide metabolism.

TL;DR: The results have identified PS- and NAPE-hydrolyzing PLDs and have indicated an important role for lipid composition in regulating the substrate selectivity of PLD beta and -gamma.

TL;DR: Microglial cells generate superoxide via a neutrophil-like NADPH oxidase but exhibit distinctly different time course and magnitude of activation than that seen in neutrophils.

TL;DR: The close agreement between the rate constants obtained from enzyme inactivation and from stopped-flow kinetics experiments suggests that the mechanism of the reaction between peroxynitrite and GSH-Px involves the oxidation of the ionized selenol of the selenocysteine residue in the enzyme's active site (E-Se-) by peroxlynitrite.

TL;DR: It is found that the COOH-terminal region, residues 414-551, is essential for maintaining the tetrameric structure and AdoMet activation of the enzyme.

TL;DR: Assessment of the ability of poly(ethylene glycol)-lipids (PEG-lipids) to inhibit the in vitro activation of the classical pathway of complement in human serum by anionic liposomes found that it was successful in blocking C1q binding and complement activation.