Showing papers in "Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 2010"

TL;DR: Although the catechins are chemical antioxidants which can quench free radical species and chelate transition metals, there is evidence that some of the effects of these compounds may be related to induction of oxidative stress, and pro-oxidant effects appear to be responsible for the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that NQO1 may exercise a selective "gatekeeping" role in regulating the proteasomal degradation of specific proteins, thereby broadening the cytoprotective role of N QO1 far beyond its highly effective antioxidant functions.

TL;DR: Activation of SIRT1 by polyphenols is beneficial for regulation of calorie restriction, oxidative stress, inflammation, cellular senescence, autophagy/apoptosis, autoimmunity, metabolism, adipogenesis, circadian rhythm, skeletal muscle function, mitochondria biogenesis and endothelial dysfunction.

TL;DR: Mechanistically, fat and bone are linked by a multitude of pathways, which ultimately serve the function of providing a skeleton appropriate to the mass of adipose tissue it is carrying.

TL;DR: This review focuses on recent developments in molecular enzymology ofLOXs and summarizes the current understanding of the structural basis of LOX catalysis, and profiles the existence of LOx-related genomic sequences in the three kingdoms of life.

TL;DR: Sterol metabolites, including cholesterol, 24,25-dihydrolanosterol and oxysterols, strongly participate in the regulation of sterol metabolism via binding to its particular proteins, and hence is deeply involved in regulation of the expression of genes closely related to cholesterol metabolism.

TL;DR: Comparison of the data obtained in the current study with that of Stalmach et al facilitated elucidation of the pathways involved in post-ingestion metabolism of chlorogenic acids and also helped distinguish between compounds absorbed in the small and the large intestine.

TL;DR: The (patho)physiological role of MPO from the viewpoint of participation of PMNs in immune reactions, and with special products, MPO contributes to apoptosis induction in PMNs and other cells, and, thus, to termination of inflammatory response.

TL;DR: An overview of the GST inhibitors and the GST-activated pro-drugs utilized to date to overcome drug resistance is presented.

TL;DR: Recent work shows that hypoxia blocks the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts (and thus bone formation), whilst strongly stimulating osteoclast formation ( and thus bone resorption) and Surprisingly, the resorptive function of osteoclasts is unimpaired in Hypoxia, indicating the importance of oxygen tension in the skeleton.

TL;DR: The role of polyphenol metabolites as bioactives is presented, underlining that specific target enzymes such as NADPH oxidases or lipoxygenases provide a basis for molecular action ofpolyphenols, rather than unspecific direct antioxidant effects.

TL;DR: Thermodynamic and kinetic approaches are used to analyze the interactions of flavonoids with biological material and from there, extrapolate the physiological relevance of their antioxidant actions.

TL;DR: In this mini-review, the latest advances in understanding the effects of heavy metals on endogenous NO content and the mechanisms and signaling pathways of exogenous NO in alleviating heavy metal toxicity in plants are summarized and discussed.

TL;DR: Options for preventing the toxicity of organophosphorus poisons include treatment with an OP scavenger, reaction of non-aged enzyme with oximes, reactivation of aged enzyme, slowing down aging with peripheral site ligands, and design of mutants that rapidly hydrolyze OP.

TL;DR: This review discusses the present understanding of the mechanisms of amine and amino acid oxidation by flavoproteins, focusing on two structural families, the D-amino acid oxidase/sarcosine oxidase family and the monoamine oxidasefamily.

TL;DR: The influence of the electron donor properties of the axial histidine and of the polarity of the heme environment is analyzed and the correlation between the redox properties ofThe heme group with the catalytic activity of this important class of metallo-enzymes is discussed.

TL;DR: The mechanisms allowing the cellular transport of ascorbic acid represent a primary aspect for the understanding of the roles played by this vitamin in pathophysiology as mentioned in this paper, and a large amount of research effort has been spent in the field, on several animal models and different cell types.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that fucoxanthin regulates mRNA expression of inflammatory adipocytokines involved in insulin resistance, iNOS, and COX-2 in WAT and has specific effects on diabetic/obese KK-A(y) mice, but not on lean C57BL/6J mice.

TL;DR: Over the last decade, much has been learned about the impact of carotenoid metabolism on flower color development and the molecular basis of flower color, which means many of the natural colorful varieties the authors see around us can be explained and plants can be engineer to produce flowers with novel and exciting varieties that are not provided by nature.

TL;DR: The link between the size of soluble amyloid beta (Abeta) oligomers and their toxicity to rat cerebellar granule cells (CGC) was investigated and both oligomeric forms of Abeta(1-42) induced reduction of neuronal cell densities in the CGC cultures.

TL;DR: The data suggest that the SIRT1-PARP-1 axis plays a critical role in the regulation of CS-induced autophagy and have important implications in understanding the mechanisms ofCS-induced cell death and senescence.

TL;DR: Several strategies have been uncovered that prevent the deleterious side-reaction while still allowing substrate hydroxylation.

TL;DR: It is shown that the hydroxycinnamates caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid, the hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, tyrosol, and a Champagne wine extract rich in these components protect neurons against injury induced by 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine in vitro.

TL;DR: The female reproductive system plays a major role in regulating the acquisition and loss of bone by the skeleton from menarche through senescence, and each of the other factors to development and maintenance of the female skeleton, bone loss, and fracture risk will lead to improved approaches for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that bifunctional KatGs follow a similar reaction pathway as monofunctional peroxidases, but use a unique post-translational distal modification in close vicinity to the heme as radical site that enhances turnover of oxyferrous heme and avoids release of superoxide.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the progress in the understanding of how manipulation of the MEP pathway impacts carotenoid biosynthesis and on the discoveries underlining the central importance of coordinating the supply of MEP-derived precursors with the biosynthesis ofcarotenoids and other derived isoprenoids.

TL;DR: Hydroxytyrosol, delphinidin chloride and rosmarinic acid are unstable in three commonly-used cell culture media and undergo rapid oxidation to generate H2O2 and must be taken into account in interpreting effects of phenolic compounds on cells in culture.

TL;DR: The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis plays a key role in skeletal development, acquisition of peak bone mass and regulation of adult bone turnover, and the relative importance of T3 and TSH actions in the skeleton has yet to be clarified.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple PCR assay was developed to measure CCD1 gene copy number which is known to vary in maize, which can be used to select maize lines that are less likely to promote endosperm carotenoid degradation.

TL;DR: Cytotoxic and oxidative action was paralleled by stimulation of stress signaling: all tested quinones except lawsone and lapachol strongly induced phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the related ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase.