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Showing papers in "Atlantic Review of Economics in 2014"


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the causal relationship between remittances and poverty reduction for 14 emerging and developing countries over the period 1980-2012, and propose a cointegration analysis, using the method of non-stationary dynamic panel data.
Abstract: espanolThe aim of this article is to investigate the causal relationship between remittances and poverty reduction for 14 emerging and developing countries over the period 1980-2012. We proposed a cointegration analysis, using the method of non-stationary dynamic panel data. Our estimation results reveal that causality nexus of poverty and remittances is bi-directional. We also find that the causal impact of poverty reduction on remittance is stronger than the reverse impact. Indeed, despite of its weak impact on the poverty, remittances should be taken seriously, and this by taking measures by developed countries to facilitate the access of immigrants to their territories. Such an initiative could reduce to some extent the inequalities within developing countries. EnglishEl objetivo de este articulo es investigar la relacion causal entre las remesas y la reduccion de la pobreza para 14 emergentes y los paises en desarrollo durante el periodo 1980-2012. Hemos propuesto un analisis de cointegracion, utilizando el metodo de datos de panel dinamico no estacionarios. Nuestra estimacion de resultados revelan ese nexo de causalidad de la pobreza y de las remesas es bidireccional. Tambien encontramos que el impacto de la reduccion de la pobreza en remesas causal es mas fuerte que el efecto inverso. En efecto, a pesar de su debil impacto en la pobreza, las remesas deben tomarse en serio, y esta tomando las medidas adoptadas por los paises desarrollados a facilitar el acceso de inmigrantes a sus territorios. Tal iniciativa podria reducir en cierta medida las desigualdades dentro de los paises en desarrollo.

6 citations


Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, a note on corruption and underground economy in a Kaldor-type model of the business cycle is given, where it appears that when the economy is booming and underground activities seek to enter the official economy, bureaucrats have the upper hand but until underground businesses cannot tolerate bureaucrats anymore and start reentering the informal sector.
Abstract: This is a note on corruption and underground economy in a Kaldor-type model of the business cycle. It appears that when the economy is booming and underground activities seek to enter the official economy, bureaucrats have the upper hand but until underground businesses cannot tolerate bureaucrats anymore and start reentering the informal sector. This is what checks the growth of the official output and gets it into its downward phase. Once in this phase, bureaucrats lose control and just follow passively the developments in the economy. At the trough of the contraction, official activities reach their nadir whereas the unofficial ones are at their zenith and seek to buy whatever has been left from the staggering official businesses. This is what leads to recovery in the absence of stabilization policies.

3 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the influence of the behavior of the Mexican peso-dollar exchange rate in the consumption of derivatives by non-financial Mexican companies, after the results are presented, and finally some conclusions arise.
Abstract: espanolEn este trabajo se analiza desde una perspectiva a largo plazo, si el desempeno cambiario del peso mexicano, presenta un comportamiento asimetrico recurrente frente al dolar norteamericano, y si dicho comportamiento tiene alguna influencia potencial en el consumo de derivados financieros por las empresas no financieras mexicanas seleccionadas en la muestra. Se estudia esta pregunta de investigacion a la luz de la posible cointegracion de los ciclos economicos de las economias mexicana y norteamericana y su posible traslacion asimetrica al tipo de cambio real del peso mexicano. En la primera parte se analiza el desempeno cambiario del peso mexicano frente al dolar, enseguida se estudia la cointegracion de los ciclos economicos de Mexico y Estados Unidos de Norteamerica y su traslacion al tipo de cambio real del peso mexicano, posteriormente se analiza la influencia del comportamiento del tipo de cambio peso dolar en el consumo de derivados por las empresas mexicanas no financieras, despues se presentan los resultados, y por ultimo se plantean algunas conclusiones. EnglishThis paper analyzes from a long-term perspective, if the performance of the Mexican peso exchange, presents a recurring asymmetric behavior against the U.S. dollar, and if that behavior has an influence on the potential use of financial derivatives by non-financial firms Mexican selected in the sample. This research question in light of the possible co-integration of the economic cycles of the Mexican and U.S. economies and possible asymmetric the real exchange rate of the Mexican peso translation is studied. In the first part of the exchange performance of the Mexican peso is analyzed immediately cointegration of economic cycles of Mexico and the United States and its translation to the real exchange rate of the Mexican peso is studied subsequently analyzed the influence of behavior of the peso-dollar exchange rate in the consumption of derivatives by non-financial Mexican companies, after the results are presented, and finally some conclusions arise.

3 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, analisis de correspondence analysis was used to analyze the dependence and interdependence relations among the categorical variables using a contingency table, enhancing the identification of the relation of the structure, similarity and dissimilarity, proximity or farthermost among objects/individuals and attributes.
Abstract: espanolLos flujos migratorios en la frontera de Mexico con Guatemala, ha provocado desequilibrios de tipo social, economico y politico que afecta las relaciones entre estos dos paises. En las ultimas decadas del siglo XX, los estados de la zona sur han pasado de ser solo regiones ricas en selvas tropicales a zonas con altos indices de violencia, delincuencia y migracion. Una muestra fue seleccionada considerando las conexiones entre los migrantes presentes en la zona estudiada. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados estadisticamente. Utilizamos Analisis de Correspondencia para analizar, desde un punto de vista grafico, las relaciones de dependencia e independencia de un conjunto de variables categoricas a partir de los datos de una tabla de contingencia, haciendo posible la identificacion de la estructura de relacion, semejanza o desemejanza, proximidad o lejania entre los objetos/sujetos y los atributos. Esta tecnica nos permitio hacer un analisis por pais de origen y por pais destino de los migrantes, respecto de los indicadores considerados en el estudio. EnglishMigration movements in the south border of Mexico with Guatemala, has motivated serious social, economic and politic un-stability in both countries. During the last decades of the XX-th century, the sites of the south zone have become in zones with high violence indexes, delinquency and migration, instead of being only riches tropical forests. A sample was selected using the connections among the migrants present in the studied zone. We used Correspondence Analysis for establishing graphically , the dependence and interdependence relations among the categorical variables using a contingency table, enhancing the identification of the relation of the structure, similarity and dissimilarity, proximity or farthermost among objects/individuals and attributes.. This technique allowed developing an analysis between origin-destiny of the migrants, with respect to the indexes considered in this study.

2 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse the robustness of the efficiency ratios calculated by the original version of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the modified version, as proposed by Andersen and Petersen (1993), and stochastic frontier analysis.
Abstract: espanolEl objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la robustez de los ratios de eficiencia calculada por la version original del analisis de envolvente de datos (DEA), la version modificada, como se ha propuesto por Andersen y Petersen (1993) y el analisis de fronteras estocasticas. El estudio fue realizado en los equipos de futbol que jugaron en el primera division del futbol espanol entre 1998 y 2010. Los resultados muestran que generalmente se cumplen las condiciones de consistencia entre las dos versiones de la DEA, pero la correlacion entre ellas y el analisis de fronteras estocasticas es menor. Las conclusiones ofrecen algunas posibles interpretaciones de las discrepancias identificadas. EnglishThe aim of this study was to analyse the robustness of the efficiency ratios calculated by the original version of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the modified version, as proposed by Andersen and Petersen (1993), and stochastic frontier analysis. The study was performed on the football teams that played in the Spanish football First Division between 1998 and 2010. The results show that consistency conditions are generally met between the two versions of the DEA, but the correlation between them and stochastic frontier analysis is less. The conclusions offer some possible interpretations of the discrepancies identified.

1 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the phenomenon of financial conservatism in firms' capital structures and relate it to their employment variation for a sample of Spanish companies during the 2007-2010 period.
Abstract: espanolEste estudio tiene por objeto, por un lado, analizar el fenomeno del conservadurismo financiero o de deuda para una muestra de empresas espanolas para el periodo 2007-2010 y relacionarlo con la variacion de empleo de las mismas. Este conservadurismo se refiere a una politica de endeudamiento baja y tesoreria alta, por un periodo superior al corto plazo. Por otra parte utilizamos el modelo de Jovanovic (1982), que relaciona crecimiento, edad y tamano de la empresa, tal y como lo utiliza Heshmati (2001), al que se le anade una variable dummy, que indicara si la empresa es conservadora o no. Ya que el crecimiento de la empresa se ha medido como el crecimiento del numero de empleados, lo que se esta estudiando en ultima instancia es como afecta el conservadurismo a la creacion o destruccion de empleo. La evidencia demuestra que una politica de conservadurismo financiero es positiva para la creacion de empleo. EnglishThis article aims to analyze the phenomenon of financial conservatism in firms’ capital structures and relate it to their employment variation for a sample of Spanish companies during the 2007-2010 period. Financial conservatism consists of a low-leverage/high cash no-short-term capital structure policy. We use Jovanovic’s model (1982) that relates growth, age and size, as used by Heshmati (2001), to which we add a dummy indicating financial conservatism. As the growth of a company is measured as its number of employees variation, what we are ultimately analyzing is how financial conservatism affects job creation. Evidence shows that a financial conservative policy is positive for job creation.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the role of cash waqf in investment increase in the form of financing the Islamic contracts and it's economic impact on poverty reduction in Iran.
Abstract: espanolA la vista de la situacion actual de la sociedad irani, y teniendo en cuenta el importante efecto del denominado waqf o habiz para resolver problemas como la pobreza, creemos necesario dar una oportunidad al estudio y analisis del cash waqf. El objetivo de esta investigacion es analizar el papel del cash waqf en el aumento de las inversiones en forma de financiacion de contratos islamicos, asi como su impacto economico sobre la disminucion de la pobreza. Al estar basada la metodologia, en este caso, en un analisis realizado mediante sondeos y en un analisis de matriz covarianza que utiliza un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM), se ha disenado un cuestionario y se ha distribuido entre 110 profesores y especialistas de la ciudad irani de Mashhad. Los resultados de esta investigacion muestran que si el cash waqf puede utilizarse como un instrumento financiero en la economia islamica, podria derivar en un incremento de las inversiones en forma de contratos islamicos, invirtiendo el beneficio de estas inversiones en programas para reducir la pobreza. Podemos esperar, entonces, un impacto positivo respecto a la reduccion de pobreza. Con esta investigacion queremos realizar un diseno inicial para aliviar la pobreza desde el punto de vista financiero del cash waqf. Sugerimos que otros investigadores se adentren en otras variables macroeconomicas (por ejemplo, crecimiento economico, inflacion, etc.), que pueden verse afectadas potencialmente por la implementacion de fondos de cash waqf. Los resultados de este articulo pueden servir como recurso cientifico para las instituciones waqf, y tambien puede utilizarse en el sistema bancario irani para fines caritativos. Asimismo, debido a la inclinacion hacia la economia islamica en Iran, este documento puede resultar una buena fuente para otros estudios e investigadores universitarios. El texto es el primer estudio sobre cash waqf en Iran que aporta resultados economicos basados en metodologia estadistica y en cuestionarios. Hasta ahora, el resto de estudios se basan en metodologia juridica. EnglishConsidering the present situation of the society of Iran and according to the effect of grand institution of waqf in resolving problems such as poverty, it is necessary to make an opportunity that new subject such as cash waqf being studied and examined. Hence, the purpose of this research is to analysis the role of cash waqf in investment increase in the form of financing the Islamic contracts and it’s economic impact on poverty reduction. As the methodology of this research is survey-analysis and based on analysis of covariance matrix by using a Structural Equations Modeling(SEM), a questionnaire has been designed and distributed among 110 members of related professors and specialists in mashhad city- Iran. The results of this research show that if cash waqf can be used as a financial instrument in the Islamic economy, It can be a source of increase in investment in the form of Islamic contracts and legal forms and by spending the profit of investment on poverty reduction programs, we can expect it’s positive impact on poverty reduction. With this research we want to try to make an early design of poverty alleviation in the financial viewpoint of cash waqf. It is suggested that other researchers enter other macroeconomic variables (e.g. economic growth, inflation, etc.) that can potentially affected by the implementation of cash waqf funds.The results of this paper may serve as a scientific resource for the waqf institutions and also can be used in the banking system of Iran for charitable purposes. Moreover, due to the increase of orientation towards Islamic economic in Iran, this survey can be a good source for studies and researchers of university. This paper is the first study on cash waqf in Iran that provide economic result based on statistical methodology and questionnaire. Conversely, other studies are based on Juridical methodology.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Aguilar et al. as mentioned in this paper developed the performance of port privatization in Mexico, considering the load indicators (general and containerized), exports and imports, cruise ship passengers, investments made and number of companies active in the maritime port sector.
Abstract: This article from the perspective of port governance, develops the performance of port privatization in Mexico, considering the load indicators (general and containerized), exports and imports, cruise ship passengers, investments made and number of companies active in the maritime port sector. The analysis demonstrates achievements and progress, though, still, there are ideas unresolved in the field of regional development and multimodal transport, mainly. In summary, the work becomes pioneered Mexican literature, since there are few studies that incorporate a governance approach to issues of ports in Mexico. In summary, this is a pioneering work as there are few studies that focus on the governance of Mexican ports. To conclude, there is a profound need to deepen our understanding of the governance of Mexican ports and to build his work of Luis F. Aguilar (FCE, 2013).

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the root cause of the 2007 U.S. financial crisis was identified as financial integration and capital flow volatility, which is the factor that creates a climate conducive to the emergence of the crisis and led to its spread to the rest of the world.
Abstract: espanolEn este trabajo presentamos la causa raiz de la crisis financiera estadounidense en 2007. Mostramos que la integracion financiera y la volatilidad del flujos de capital es el factor que crea un clima propicio para el surgimiento de la crisis en los Estados Unidos y que condujo a su propagacion al resto del mundo. En el aspecto teorico, mostramos que los flujos de capital a los Estados Unidos en los ultimos anos tenian un caracter prociclico. Tambien demostramos que este comportamiento fue la causa de la crisis e incluso de otras anteriores tales como la crisis mexicana de 1994 y la crisis asiatica de 1998. Empiricamente, utilizamos los datos recientes de paneles para demostrar que la integracion financiera puede llevar a crisis financieras mediante el aumento de la volatilidad de los flujos de capital. EnglishIn this paper, we present the root cause of the American financial crisis in 2007. We show that financial integration and capital flow volatility is the factor that creates a climate conducive to the emergence of the crisis in the U.S.A. and led to its spread to the rest of the world. On the theoretical side, we show that capital flows to the United States in recent years had a pro-cyclical character. We show also that this behavior was the root cause of the crisis and even previous crises such as the Mexican crisis in 1994 and the Asian crisis in 1998. Empirically, we use recent panels data to show that financial integration can lead to financial crises by increasing the volatility of capital flows.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between crime and socio economic indicators and found that people who are vulnerable to fall under the poverty line indulge in criminal activities as a consumption smoothing strategy.
Abstract: espanolEl analisis economico del derecho penal y crimen aborda la cuestion de la maximizacion del bienestar individual (utilidad) a traves de una asignacion optima de recursos y tiempo de acuerdo a su relative retorno. En este trabajo en primer lugar se resumen las pruebas teoricas y empiricas sobre el nexo entre el delito y los indicadores socio-economicos. Posteriormente se testea la hipotesis de que las personas que son vulnerables a caer bajo la linea de pobreza se entregan a actividades delictivas como estrategia de consumo. Igualmente se estudia empiricamente el papel que juega el crecimiento de la economia, el desempleo, la urbanizacion y la calidad del sistema legal de jugaran en delitos relacionados con la propiedad. India es elegida como objeto del estudio porque tiene cuidadosamente canalizados sus fondos y recursos para el crecimiento economico, la reduccion de la pobreza y la disuasion del crimen. Los resultados indican una repercusion positiva y estadisticamente significativa de la pobreza, crecimiento desigual del ingreso y la baja calidad del sistema legal sobre la incidencia de delitos relacionados con la propiedad totales. Por otra parte, las cifras de elasticidad indican que la pobreza tiene el mayor impacto en robos. El resultado mas convincente proviene de las figuras de la elasticidad de la educacion en rlacion con el crimen: un aumento del 10% en el gasto per capita en educacion en la India conduce a una disminucion entre 9.2-11,2% de las tasas totales de criminalidad en asuntos relacionados con la propiedad. EnglishEconomic analysis of crime and criminal law addresses the question of individual welfare (utility) maximization through optimal allocation of resources and time in accordance to their relative returns. In this paper I first summarize the theoretical and empirical evidence on the nexus between crime and socio economic indicators. After which I test the hypothesis that people who are vulnerable to fall under the poverty line indulge in criminal activities as a consumption smoothing strategy. I also empirically inspect the role economic growth, unemployment, urbanization and quality of legal system play in inducing property related crimes. India is chosen as the case study because it has to carefully channel its funds and resources towards economic growth, poverty alleviation and crime deterrence concomitantly. The results indicate a positive and statistically significant impact of poverty, inequitable income growth and low quality of the legal system on incidence of total property-related crimes. Moreover, the elasticity figures suggest that poverty has the highest impact on robberies. Most convincing result comes from the figures of elasticity of education with crime where a 10% increase in per capita expenditure on education in India leads to a decline between 9.2-11.2% of overall property crime rates.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the role of football marketing in the country's economic boom, and the method of analytical survey was conducted using questionnaires, and found that football marketing components such as: the establishment of a central marketing system in football, brand advertising (internal and external), football stars are attracted by the club, attracting sponsors, and to enhance the quality and quantity of the stadiums, has the effect positive on increasing the football industry.
Abstract: espanolEl marketing en el futbol ha sido considerado como una herramienta, en economizar deportes, produciendo el valor anadido y una solucion importante para ganar dinero a traves del deporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el papel que juega el marketing en el futbol en el auge economico del pais, y el metodo de estudio analitico se realizo utilizando cuestionarios. El estudio estadistico se baso en expertos del mundo del futbol, economistas, expertos en la gestion y los aficionados al futbol. La muestra estadistica fue seleccionada de un metodo de muestreo clasificados adecuado en la ciudad de Teheran. Se utilizaron analisis multiples y de regresion lineal para analizar los datos por software SPSS y SAS. Los resultados muestran que el marketing del futbol tiene efecto significativo y positivo sobre el auge economico. En otras palabras, comercializacion de componentes tales como: el establecimiento de un sistema central de marketing en el futbol, publicidad de marca (interno y externo), estrellas del futbol atraidas por el club, acopio de patrocinadores (internos y externos), y mejorar la calidad y cantidad de los estadios, tiene un efecto positivo en el aumento de la industria del futbol del pais. EnglishFootball sport marketing has been considered a tool, on economizing sports, producing the value added and an important solution for earning income through sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of football marketing in the country's economic boom, and the method of analytical survey was conducted using questionnaires. The study statistical society consisted of football experts, economists, management experts and football fans. The statistical sample was selected from a suitable classified sampling method in Tehran city. Multiple and linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data by SPSS and SAS software. The results show that football marketing has significant and positive effect on economic boom. In other words, football marketing components such as: the establishment of a central marketing system in football, brand advertising (internal and external), football stars are attracted by the club, attracting sponsors (internal and external), and to enhance the quality and quantity of the stadiums, has the effect positive on increasing the country's football industry.