Showing papers in "Atmospheric Environment in 2006"

TL;DR: Wilson et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a new inventory of global emissions of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources for the year 2000, showing that the largest emissions of Hg to the global atmosphere occur from combustion of fossil fuels, mainly coal in utility, industrial, and residential boilers.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined various bias and error metrics and proposed PM model performance goals (the level of accuracy that is considered to be close to the best a model can be expected to achieve) and criteria that vary as a function of concentration and extinction.

TL;DR: A review of the application of atmospheric models for particle dispersion can be found in this article, where the suitability of the different approaches to dispersion modelling within different environments, in regards to scale, complexity of the environment and concentration parameters is assessed.

TL;DR: Using 1 year of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrievals from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) on board NASA's Terra and Aqua satellite along with ground measurements of PM2.5 mass concentration, the authors assess particulate matter air quality over different locations across the global urban areas spread over 26 locations in Sydney, Delhi, Hong Kong, New York City and Switzerland.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured suspended particulate (TSP) and PM 2.5 aerosol samples at two sites in Shanghai in four seasons from September 2003 to January 2005.

TL;DR: In this article, the concentrations of 16 US-EPA criteria polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were monitored during various seasons at six different cities/locations in the northern part of Belgium.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the impact of urban land cover on local meteorology and spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants over the Paris region, showing that both nocturnal and diurnal urban effects have an important impact on the primary and secondary regional pollutants, more specifically ozone and nitrogen oxide (NOx).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a modeling framework to estimate the emissions from fires in North and parts of Central America by taking advantage of a combination of complementary satellite and ground-based data to refine estimates of fuel loadings.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of spatio-temporal variations of PM with those of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) measured by the MODIS satellite instrument, for 2003, is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the recent advancements and achievements in street-canyon pollution research using mathematical modelling approaches, including the standard renormalized-group (RNG), and realizable k-e turbulence closure schemes are the most commonly used Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models.

TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed high-resolution emission inventory of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) from China in the year 2000 is presented, and gridded emissions at 0.2°×0. 2° resolution are shown.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the current state of knowledge regarding the role of organic aerosols (including bioaerosols) as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), as well as compare the existing theoretical and experimental data.

TL;DR: Tropospheric ozone changes are investigated using a selected network of surface and ozonesonde sites to give a broad geographic picture of long-term variations as discussed by the authors, and three time series of � 20 years in length agree in showing increases that are strongest in the austral spring (August-October). Profile measurements show this increase extending through the mid troposphere but not into the highest levels of the troposphere.

TL;DR: In this article, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to apportion sources of PM2.5, and eight sources were identified: biomass burning (11%), secondary sulfates (17%), secondary nitrates (14%), coal combustion (19%), industry (6%), motor vehicles (6), road dust (9%), and yellow dust.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a CFD program with a Lagrangian particle tracking method to predict particle dispersion and concentration distribution in ventilated rooms, and the particle size distribution was monodisperse, and particle diameter ranged from 0.31 to 4.5 μm.

TL;DR: In this article, a 4-year campaign from 2001 to 2004 monitoring PM 2.5 and TSP in the spring season in urban Beijing, China was performed to study the variation of characteristics and the different formation mechanisms of aerosols in dust, haze, and clear days.

TL;DR: The suitability of the developed neural network models for use at real-time conditions was further evaluated for PM10 hourly concentrations recorded during the days of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, with acceptable probabilities of detection and low false alarm rates.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors collected air samples of total suspended particles (TSP, particles less than 30-60μm) and thirty samples of particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5μm (PM2.5) at an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site in southeast China from 16 August 2004 to 17 September 2004.

TL;DR: A monitoring program for particulate matter pollution was designed and implemented in six Asian cities/metropolitan regions including Bandung, Bangkok, Beijing, Chennai, Manila, and Hanoi, within the framework of the Asian regional air pollution research network (AIRPET), coordinated by the Asian Institute of Technology.

TL;DR: In this article, a simpler alternative analytical method, based on high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), was developed and utilized to measure several isomeric anhydrosugars (levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan) in primary smoke aerosol from various types of biomass and from different combustion conditions representative of prescribed and wildfires.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the formation of secondary pollutants resulting from household product use in the presence of ozone and found that ozone was substantially consumed following cleaning product use, mainly by homogeneous reaction.

TL;DR: In this article, the emission characteristics of a three compounds oxygenated diesel fuel blend (BE-diesel), on a Cummins-4B diesel engine were analyzed and the results showed a significant reduction in PM emissions and 2-14% increase of NOx emissions.

TL;DR: In this paper, a drift-flux model for particle distribution and deposition in indoor environments is developed, and the model is applied to simulate particle distributions and deposition and is validated experimentally and a good agreement between numerical and experimental results is found.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimated the contribution of biomass burning to the emissions of atmospheric trace species in China, using statistical data, survey data, expert estimates and a satellite data set.

TL;DR: In this paper, street dust samples were collected from differing areas (industrial, medium traffic density, commercial high traffic density and residential 1 and 2) in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, and their major oxide and trace element compositions were determined.

TL;DR: In this paper, eight samples of road dust were collected from three different localities (industrial, urban, peripheral) of the town of Gela (Italy) to characterize their chemical composition and assess (a) the influence of the petrochemical plant and the urban traffic on the trace element content in different grain-size fractions of street dust and (b) the solid phase speciation of the analysed metal using sequential extraction.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented and investigated the physical characteristics and size-fractionated emission rates of indoor aerosol particles during different activities in a house (naturally ventilated) located in Prague, Czech Republic.

TL;DR: In this paper, the US Environmental Protection Agency estimates of on-road vehicle emissions are compared with ambient measurements and a fuel-based emission inventory, and significant weaknesses and strengths are identified.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the literature on exposure and flux-based indices for predicting plant response to ozone and conclude that effective flux is the best approach to relate ozone to plant response.

TL;DR: In this article, octanol-air partition coefficients (KOA) for 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined as a function of temperature using the gas chromatographic retention time method.