Showing papers in "Atmospheric Research in 1995"

TL;DR: In this article, a new cloud microphysical parameterization is described, which uses generalized gamma distributions as the basis function for all hydrometeor species, allowing heat storage and mixed phase hydrometers.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the aspects related to heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent growth of water droplets on a substrate and consider the effects of substrate heterogeneity and gravity effects.

TL;DR: In this article, the global average capacity of clouds to uptake, store and release atmospheric aerosol mass and the rate of wet deposition on the ground was estimated, and the results of such an estimate suggest that clouds contribute significantly to the processing of aerosol material in the atmosphere as they constitute an important temporary storage location for it.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a global climate model to investigate the impact of a wide range of radiative forcing and feedback mechanisms on the diurnal cycle of surface air temperature.

TL;DR: In this article, a model size distribution for primary biological aerosol particles was obtained by performing a non-linear fitting procedure and the mean volume concentration was about 15% of the total volume.

TL;DR: In this paper, the use of remotely sensed data offers a potential objective method for assessment of urban heat islands, and several studies that utilized satellite derived data are reviewed and future prospects are presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed and summarized their studies of distributions of atmospheric water in relation to air circulations and showed the nature of probable connections among distributions of water vapor, cloud, rain, and snow with vertical and horizontal winds, divergence of the wind, compressibility of the atmosphere, and the strength and distribution of various microphysical processes.

TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental methodologies and a quantitative framework for predicting ice formation by these silver iodide-based aerosols were based on four currently accepted nucleation mechanisms and their inherent dependencies on the varied temperature, pressure, humidity, and cloud conditions that can be encountered in the atmosphere.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential effects of ice microphysics involving ice crystal size distribution and ice water path (IWP) on climatic temperature perturbations were investigated by using a one-dimensional radiative-turbulent climate model.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate the importance of ozone to climate by comparing present climates between two atmospheric ozone climatologies: a version currently used in the NCAR GCM's (CCM1 and GENESIS) and an updated version.

TL;DR: In this paper, seasonal changes in atmospheric particle size distribution are derived by combining light-scatter particle size spectrometry with particle sizes derived from cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) concentration and sub-micrometre aerosol composition measurements.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the role of the sea surface temperature (SST) as a moisture source in the Mediterranean cyclogenesis and found that it plays an important role.

TL;DR: In this article, a dataset containing monthly maximum and minimum temperatures over all of the world's land surface with available data is presented, revealing a marked decrease in diurnal temperature range in 1981-1990 compared with 1951-1980.

TL;DR: In this paper, a system theory on atmospheric particle systems is developed by introducing Shannon's entropy, extending the classical statistical mechanics into atmospheric particle system, and connecting the size distributions with the physical and/or chemical laws which control the systems.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used millimeter wave radar data to estimate profiles of ice content, particle size and concentration in cirrus clouds and profiles of liquid water content and turbulence in marine stratus clouds.

TL;DR: In this article, a historical series of minimum and maximum temperature data at the Pic du Midi, a mountain observatory at 2862 m a.s.l. in the French Pyrenees, is updated after correction of a systematic deviation due to a relocation of the station in 1971.

TL;DR: A far-wing line shape theory based on the binary collision and quasistatic approximations that is applicable for both the low and high-frequency wings of the vibration-rotational bands has been developed in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a parameterization of cloud droplet nucleation for a single, log-normally distributed, aerosol type is generalized to the case of multiple aerosol types with differing size distributions and compositions.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined trends in maximum and minimum temperatures over Australia from 1951 to 1992 using data adjusted for inhomogeneities, showing a decrease in the diurnal temperature range (DTR) over large areas of the Australian continent.

TL;DR: In this paper, the International Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) used complex empirical orthogonal functions applied to the complex envelope of seasonal variations in the diurnal cycle.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple regression model relating local monthly mean diurnal temperature range (DTR) and cloudiness at 10 synoptic stations in the Nordic region to monthly mean large-scale tropospheric flow has been constructed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured spray flux and ice accretion on a 115m Coast Guard cutter in the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea during February and March 1990, and found that spray cloud liquid water contents had a very large range with a mean of 64.1 g · m −3.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used cloud microphysical measurements to understand the development of precipitation and cloud radiation in a more accurate way than traditional cloud micro-physical measurements, which can lead to a better understanding of the development and evolution of precipitation.

TL;DR: For example, in this article, the authors analyzed monthly mean maximum and minimum temperatures from countries comprising 37% of the global landmass, including Bangladesh, Ireland, Italy, Thailand and Turkey.

TL;DR: In this paper, a microphysical model of the Berry and Reinhard (1974) type including hydrometeors of seven kinds: water drops, plate-like and columnar crystals, dendrites, snowflakes, graupel and hail was used to simulate spectra evolution induced by coalescence processes.

TL;DR: In this paper, a smoke plume from a large wildfire in Oregon was sampled over a period of three days as it traveled more than 1000 km above the Pacific Ocean, and the authors found that the effects of particle coagulation in dense, persistent smokes may have been underestimated in some climate change calculations, resulting in an overestimate of the smoke's impact.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors described diurnal temperature trends for newly homogenised climate data sets for a large area of the South Pacific. But their diurnal trends differ from those documented for Northern Hemisphere land areas, where decreases are observed in the diurnal temperatures as a result of increases principally in minimum temperature.

TL;DR: The work produced when heat is carried upward by convection is roughly equal to the upward heat flux multiplied by the Carnot efficiency calculated using the average temperatures at which heat is received and given up as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, an improved method is described to quantitatively determine the degree of snow crystal riming in stratiform precipitation using vertically pointing Doppler radar using this method, an automatic determination of the riming at any height above the melting layer is possible using a strict separation of stratiform and convective precipitation.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the elevation of the site on the severity of rime icing has been studied and it is shown that rime ice loads correlate much more strongly with the elevation in relation to the surrounding terrain than with elevation as measured from the sea level.