Showing papers in "Atmospheric Research in 1999"
TL;DR: In this paper, two-dimensional simulations of transition (fall and spring) season Arctic stratus clouds (ASC) were conducted using a sophisticated cloud resolving model with bin microphysics coupled to a two-stream radiative transfer model.
201 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the hygroscopic properties of sub-micrometer aerosol particles were studied in connection with a ground-based cloud experiment at Great Dun Fell, in northern England in 1995.
176 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a coupled cloud-radiation model was used to examine the sensitivity of cirrus cloud radiative forcing as well as solar albedo and infrared emittances to ice crystal size spectrum and shape.
151 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the long-term temperature data from two stations on the island of Cyprus and found that the minimum daily temperatures have generally increased at a larger rate than the maximum daily temperatures, resulting in a decrease in the longterm diurnal temperature range.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a spectral microphysics Hebrew University Cloud Model (HUCM) is used to evaluate some effects of cloud-aerosol interaction on mixed-phase cloud micro-physics and aerosol particle size distribution in the region of the Eastern Mediterranean coastal circulation.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between lightning frequency and other cloud physical parameters was examined using the NASA/MSFC Optical Transient Detector (OTD) and a variety of cloud parameters, such as the updraught structure of the model cloud, liquid-water-content structure of model cloud; the role of the reversal temperature T rev in influencing lightning characteristics; the critical breakdown field for lightning initiation; and the electrical characteristics of the ice crystal anvil of cloud.
81 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a co-located measurements of ambient, electrostatic-field profiles and rocket-triggered lightning phenomenology under Florida thunderstorms are reported and the conditions that are sufficient to initiate and sustain the propagation of positive lightning leaders are identified.
81 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the use of ionospheric potential (VI) as a measure of the variation of global temperature and reported a positive correlation between VI and global temperature obtained from three different data sets.
53 citations
TL;DR: This article used archived data from the Russian North Pole (NP) drifting stations and their own data from Ice Station Weddell (ISW) to investigate the coupling of clouds, surface-layer air temperature and long-wave radiation.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simple cloud microphysical parameterization for use in long-term cloud-resolving simulations of maritime tropical convection is presented, which is based on the bulk approach and considers two classes of liquid water (cloud water and rain) and two class of ice (slowly falling ice A and fast-falling ice B).
47 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the formation and development of orographic clouds was studied in a field experiment comprising several measurement sites at a mountain ridge, and the influence of the aerosol population present on the cloud microstructure was investigated in relation to the dynamics in the cloud formation.
TL;DR: The abundance of heterotrophic protists (as protozoan cysts) in the near-surface tropospheric air of Rapid City, SD, was determined using a filtration sampler capable of collecting particles in the 2.0 to 20.0 μm size range as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors observed six small cumulus clouds using instrumented aircraft, a ground-based radar, and a 95 GHz airborne Doppler radar during two days during the Small Cumulus Microphysics Study in east-central Florida, summer 1995.
TL;DR: In this paper, conditions for stagnation, recirculation and ventilation potential of the atmosphere were studied in five argentine cities: Resistencia, Cordoba, Buenos Aires, Mar del Plata and Comodoro Rivadavia, located in different regions of the country.
TL;DR: In this article, the mean daily total UV-B and global radiation is about 1.43×104 J and 1.77×107 J, respectively, and the daily total global radiation shows a bigger seasonal variation than UVB radiation.
TL;DR: In this article, the interpretation and the application of general hydrodynamic theory of mixed-phase microphysics are addressed and some restrictions in the applicability of previous work, especially regarding aggregation, are removed using new definitions, and some minor errors are corrected.
TL;DR: In this article, a field project was conducted at the UMIST field station site on Great Dun Fell in Cumbria, Northern England to examine the sensitivity of cloud microphysics to the aerosol entering the cloud and also to investigate the effects of the cloud in changing aerosol size distribution, chemical composition and associated optical properties.
TL;DR: A unique series of simultaneous ionospheric potential (V I ) balloon soundings were obtained every 3 h over 2 full days at Weston, MA and Darwin, Australia, on the other side of the earth as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the contrasting behaviour observed at the coast and in the open ocean, with respect to nanoparticle formation, and found that on-shore nanoparticles correlated remarkably well with the march of the tide, peaking at low-water.
TL;DR: In this paper, surface ozone concentration was obtained from continuous observation, with time resolution of 1 s. The observed concentrations of O3 and NO showed a hyperbolic relationship approximately described as [O3]×[NO]=21.6 ppb2.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect on charge transfer of rimer heating by droplet accretion has been separated from the associated influence of the vapour flux to the rimer surface by heating internally a riming target rod whose surface conditions represent those of a falling graupel pellet in thunderstorms.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimate the amount of charge which is expected to reach cloud base by conduction and convection processes during the lifetime of a thunderstorm using the numerical model PICASSO, previously designed to characterize the evolution of this corona space charge between ground level and cloud base.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of in-cloud chemical processing on aerosols and trace gases was investigated, focusing on the production of SVI via the oxidation of SO 2 by H 2 O 2.
TL;DR: In this article, cloud water and rain water samples were collected at the Hachimantai mountain range in Akita Prefecture in northern Japan to obtain information on the mechanism of uptake of ion components into cloud droplets.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a large wind tunnel to study the effect of pyrocumulus fire in the presence of an external electric field and found that the net charge given up by a fire in a wind tunnel has sign appropriate to reduce an applied electric field (negative for the earth's fair weather field), and magnitude directly proportional to the magnitude of the applied electric fields and the fuel consumption.
TL;DR: In this article, experimental evidence was found for the processing of aerosol by orographic clouds during two periods (March 31 and April 3, 1995), a shift in the particle size distribution was detected when comparing data from upwind and downwind stations.
TL;DR: In this paper, an amplifying fluctuation is detected in the time series of annual rainfall, starting about mid-1930s in the province of Cordoba (central Argentina).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the dispersion of charges generated by the gasoline engines of vehicles running on a highway and its effect on the electrical environment of the Marsta Observatory 700 m away from the highway.
TL;DR: In this paper, the mean spectra for individual clouds and for groups of clouds with the same rainfall rate category have been calculated and fitted by different models; the best fits have been obtained with a least square gamma function model.