Showing papers in "Atmospheric Research in 2000"

TL;DR: The spectral (bin) microphysical approach, which does not restrict the particle size spectra to any particular shape and, therefore, claims to reproduce formation of size spectRA of cloud particles, is concerned.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effects of giant cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) on the development of precipitation in mixed-phase convective clouds and found that the strongest effects of introducing giant CCN occur when the background concentration of small nuclei is high, as that in continental clouds.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current knowledge of organic acids mainly formic, acetic, pyruvic and oxalic acids in the gas and aerosol phases is presented, showing that organic acids are expected to contribute significantly to the estimates of indirect cloud-mediated forcing due to aerosols.

TL;DR: In this article, dew and fog measurements were carried out for 29 days in the fall of 1987-1989 at three distinctive habitats within a single drainage basin in the Negev Highlands, Israel.

TL;DR: In this article, a spatially variable parameterization scheme for surface sensible heat flux, surface latent heat flux and roughness is introduced into a meso-γ-scale numerical model.

TL;DR: Pinsky et al. as discussed by the authors used a model of isotropic turbulence flow and its application for simulation of cloud drop tracks to calculate the collision efficiencies of small cloud droplets in a turbulent flow.

TL;DR: In this article, data collected in situ with the Meteo-France Merlin-IV instrumented aircraft during the EUCREX mission 206 are analyzed to document cloud properties that are relevant to the calculation of cloud radiative properties.

TL;DR: In this paper, an improved counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) was developed for the collection and subsequent evaporation of the condensed phase, releasing dissolved gaseous material and residual particles.

TL;DR: In this paper, an algorithm for representing diffusion of sensible heat and vapor between hydrometeors and air is formulated from implicit numerical equations and is therefore stable for long numerical model timesteps, but is solved explicitly without requiring iteration.

TL;DR: In this article, the importance of aerosol phase sulfate production to the dynamics of submicron particle populations was examined based on model simulations and theoretical evaluations regarding potential SO2 oxidation reactions.

TL;DR: In this article, a field campaign of FELDEX 95 cloud water samples were collected and the insoluble particles were analyzed by single particle analysis in order to determine the content of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP).

TL;DR: In this paper, a case study of vigorous drizzle development in marine boundary layer clouds is presented, where clouds were observed using a research aircraft west of Tasmania during the Southern Ocean Cloud Experiment.

TL;DR: In this article, anodic stripping voltammetry was used to characterize the complexing and electrochemical behaviour of organic matter in fog water under conditions prevalent in most surface waters, and the results revealed all of the major electrochemical attributes of natural complexants as had been reported for humic or fulvic acids.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify relationships between air mass properties and mesoscale rainfall when moist air blows over New Zealand's Southern Alps from the Tasman Sea and show that around 50% of the variance in six-hourly rain volumes summed across three separate cross-mountain raingauge transects and in six hourly rain volume spilling across the alpine divide are statistically explained by the approaching air mass: relative humidity, wind velocity normal to the mountains, air mass stability and synoptically induced upward motion.

TL;DR: In this article, microphysical properties of shallow, warm cumulus clouds, such as droplet concentration, shape of the spectra, etc., may vary due to several factors, from the large-scale environment to microphysical processes on very small scales.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the statistical models can be used in evaluating if the set of remote information of the independent variables, such as wind speed, temperature and a measure of precipitation intensity, could be used for the estimation of a reliable correction factor on site.

TL;DR: In this article, the mesoscale fields from simulations for 1-2 November 1994 event of hazardous rains in the southeastern Mediterranean with the aim of exploring the mechanisms of this extraordinary phenomena.

TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of large-scale and small-scale inhomogeneities in spatial distributions of aerosols, droplets and gaseous admixtures is discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of clouds on hydrogen peroxide in the formation of orographic clouds has been investigated, showing that deviations from Henry's law exist even for small droplets, which are located on the edges of OOGraphic clouds while equilibrium is attained in the center of the cloud.

TL;DR: In this article, measurements of accumulation mode aerosol in the atmospheric boundary layer under cloudy and cloud free conditions, and in the lower free troposphere under cloud-free conditions, were conducted over the rural northwest of England.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of surface roughness of solid atmospheric aerosol particles on their heterogeneous nucleation capability has been examined using the concept of self-affine rough surfaces.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors extended their work to all the major subtropical deserts over Africa and Asia using the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) aerosol index (AI) for dust.

TL;DR: In this article, the diurnal variation of aerosol spectral transmittance of solar irradiance under dominant wind conditions was investigated in the city center of Athens, Greece using ground-based spectral measurements of beam irradiance.

TL;DR: In this paper, close-to-ground measurements of the atmospheric space charge density simultaneously made with the direct filtration and Faraday cage techniques are reported, showing that the measured values from the two techniques are small and agree with each other within the limits of experimental error during windy and turbulent conditions in the afternoon hours, but are large and vastly different in magnitude and polarity during the calm and stable conditions at nighttime.

TL;DR: Ogawa et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the seasonal change of ionic pollutants in cloud water due to a variation of mesoscale precipitation system and their dependence upon the cloud droplet size using constrained oblique rotational factor analysis.

TL;DR: In this paper, a relation between the long-wave radiation flux and both screen air temperature and cloud cover fraction in accordance to the height of the cloud base was defined using the Kasten and Czeplak relationship.

TL;DR: In this article, a horizontally laid ice crystal thermal in the cloud, like cumulus convection, rolls up in the form of twin cylinders and turbulently spreads with the help of the buoyant motion caused by the heat of ice crystal growth or phase change.

TL;DR: In this article, a mesoscale atmospheric model is used to examine the three-dimensional structure and evolution of low extended stratus over various synthetic landscapes of different heterogeneity in mid-latitudes in spring.

TL;DR: In this article, the impact of different aeorosol types on the value of the effective radius of stratiform clouds was investigated with the MISTRA model and the results showed that in environments with pure maritime aerosols, the effective radii are usually much larger than in continental regions.