Showing papers in "Atmospheric Research in 2012"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the many aspects of precipitation measurement that are relevant to providing an accurate global assessment of this important environmental parameter, including ground data, satellite estimates and numerical models.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a critical review of the current state-of-the-art methods for assessing the impacts of climate change on precipitation at the urban catchment scale.

TL;DR: A review of the evolution of methods for assessing the effect of the origin and pathway of air masses on composition change and trends can be found in this paper, where a newly developed methodology for analysing atmospheric observatory composition data according to air mass pathways calculated with the NAME dispersion model is given as a detailed case study.

TL;DR: In this article, the seasonal climatology of the Arabian Peninsula, including the regional to station level information for Saudi Arabia for the period 1979-2009, is studied, including surface observations, CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP), Climatic Research Unit (CRU), and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the spatial and temporal trends of precipitation data from 28 synoptic stations of Iran (1967-2006) and determined the approximate year of the beginning of the significant trends by using the Mann-Kendall and Mann-kendall rank statistic tests, respectively, and obtained the magnitude of precipitation trends from the Theil-Sen's slope estimator.

TL;DR: A multi color criterion is applied on sky images, in order to improve the accuracy in detection of broken and overcast clouds under large solar zenith angles, and the performance of the cloud detection algorithm is successfully compared with ground based weather observations.

TL;DR: The mass concentrations and chemical compositions (elements, water-soluble ions and carbonaceous species) of PM 2.5 aerosol were detected in the urban area of Fuzhou city across four seasons from April 2007 to January 2008.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare five statistical downscaling methods based on a common change factor methodology using results from four different RCMs driven by different GCMs, showing that three of the four RCMs predicted an increase in the extreme precipitation events in the future.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the microphysical properties of cirrus and proposed an alternative parameterization which couples cloud physics more directly with radiation, which is required, if climate models are to be physically consistent and radiatively interactive.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the urban heat island in the coastal city of Thessaloniki, Greece, using near-surface temperature data measured at 7 sites in the greater metropolitan area for the 1-year period from March 2008 to February 2009.

TL;DR: In this article, a cyclone forecast in time is of key importance when it comes to saving human lives and reducing economic loss. Difficulties arise because the geographical and climatological cha...

TL;DR: In this article, a study has been carried out to analyze the spatial and seasonal patterns in the trends of DTR in Bangladesh, which showed that both mean minimum and mean maximum temperatures of Bangladesh have increased significantly at a rate of 0.15 and 0.11°C/decade, respectively.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of studies of precipitation extremes in South America and some examples of extreme precipitation in several regions of South America in the 21st century are shown, and a discussion of the associated mechanisms is included.

TL;DR: In this article, a stochastic probabilistic precipitation forecasting scheme (STEPS) is proposed to forecast run-off and flow processes in urban areas. But the authors only evaluated the application of this model in a small urban area (Town of Yorkshire).

TL;DR: In this paper, a discrimination of aerosol types over the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) region during pre-monsoon period was made using multi-year ground-based sun/sky radiometer measured aerosol products associated with the size of aerosols and radiation absorptivity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review how satellite observations contribute toward improving the representation of biomass burning quantitatively in climate and air-quality modeling and assessment, including active fire location and energy release, burned areas and burn severity, smoke plume physical disposition, aerosol distribution and particle properties, and trace gas concentrations.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper collected 17 PM2.5 samples during the 2009 Chinese New Year's holiday in Shanghai to study the composition and sources of the fine particles, which showed that vehicle emissions were the main source of n-alkanes and EC, and an important source of locally emitted particulate PAHs in urban Shanghai.

TL;DR: In this paper, simultaneous measurements of atmospheric organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon were made at four sampling sites, namely Guangzhou (GZ), Zhaoqing (ZQ), PolyU Campus (PU) and Hok Tsui (HT), in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region between 14 August 2006 and 28 August 2007.

TL;DR: In this paper, an assessment of long-term change and variability of temperature over northeastern Spain (1920-2006) is provided using a dataset of 19 observatories using a large-scale atmospheric data set, and a more detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures, and the diurnal temperature range has also been carried out employing 128 observatories spanning the period from 1960 to 2006.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported one year data of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in total suspended particulates (TSP) at a suburban site.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper found that vehicle emissions play an important role in carbonaceous aerosol levels in Guangzhou, and seasonally averaged OC/ECratios were 1.2, 1.7,1.4, and 1.5.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the chemical compositions of PM 2.5 and its correlations with visibility and meteorological parameters in peri-urban of Xiamen, a southeast coastal city, China.

TL;DR: In this article, the seasonal and diurnal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were determined.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors presented trend maps tracking the spatial patterns and temporal trends of visibility in the Sichuan Basin based on 38 years of daily visibility data, and found that three major fluctuations in the visibility pattern were found: a period of decreasing visibility from 1973 to 1990, a period in which visibility pattern remained stable from 1991 to 2000, and a period for the visibility recovery from 2001 to 2010.

TL;DR: The performance among the different AI techniques is comparable indicating the suitability of the developed systems, and this is further supported when results are compared with the fuzzy logic and Bayes classifiers.

TL;DR: In this paper, the preliminary breakdown (PB) pulse train preceding the negative first return stroke (RS) was recorded using a broad band antenna system in Johor Bah, Malaysia.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine (PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM 2.5-10) in an urban and industrial area in the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre (MAPA), Brazil.

TL;DR: In this article, the atmospheric carbonyls during haze days in Beijing were studied in August 2006, and the observed C1/C2 (2.69 − 0.78) and C2/C3 (6.29 − 2.87) ratios indicated the important influence of anthropogenic source on carbonyl, and a higher C1 /C2 ratio in haze days also implied photochemical formation.

TL;DR: The composition and size of individual atmospheric particles were measured by aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) in Shanghai for the period December 14-23, 2008.

TL;DR: In this article, the energy spectra of the electrons have an exponential shape and extend up to 30-40 −MeV, and the gamma rays are also exponential in energy range 5 −10 −MeVs, then turns to power law and extends up to 100 −Mev.