Showing papers in "Autoimmunity Reviews in 2016"

TL;DR: The past decade has provided evidence for a significant role of the immune system in PD pathogenesis, either through inflammation or an autoimmune response, and immune activation may be the cause of, rather than a response to, the observed neuronal loss.

TL;DR: The characteristics of miRNAs and their functional role in the immune system and autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis are summarized.

TL;DR: The TLR-mediated activation of innate immune cells in their activation and differentiation to osteoclasts and the capacity of these signals to contribute to bone destruction in arthritis are reviewed.

TL;DR: Patients with MOG antibody-associated demyelination appear to have a unique clinical, radiological, and therapeutic profile, which represents a major advance in their diagnosis and management, and it is imperative to understand whether anti-MOG antibodies are indeed pathogenic, and if so, their mechanisms of action.

TL;DR: The results confirm previous data concerning AD occurrence in patients with thymoma and suggest that preexisting autoimmunity is not a risk factor for developing autoimmune manifestations after thymectomy.

TL;DR: Although the presentation of CAPS is characterized by multiorgan thrombosis and failure, clinical differences among patients exist based on age and underlying chronic diseases, e.g. malignancy and SLE.

TL;DR: Current theories of the causes of autoantibody production in cancer, namely: 1) defects in tolerance and inflammation, 2) changes in protein expression levels, 3) altered protein structure, and 4) cellular death mechanisms are summarized.

TL;DR: The pathogenesis of "idiopathic PAN" remains enigmatic, although the clinical responses to immunosuppressive therapy support the concept that immunological mechanisms play an active pathogenic role.

TL;DR: It is suggested that patients with AT who remain unwell, or who develop new not specific symptoms (despite adequate treatment) should be screened for other autoimmune disorders, avoiding the delay in the diagnosis of these disorders.

TL;DR: The association between smoke habit and autoimmunity has been hypothesized a long time ago and large epidemiological studies are needed to further explore the accountability of smoking effect in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

TL;DR: Patients and family members should be educated to be able to recognize signs and symptoms of underlying disease and alert physicians to take appropriate action in order to prevent full-blown disease.

TL;DR: Sensorineural hearing loss was reported in several vitiligo patients due to a reduction in the number of melanocytes contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear.

TL;DR: The diagnosis of SREAT should be suspected in case of encephalopathy without obvious cause, to quickly start corticosteroid treatment, and the exact modalities of treatment must be defined.

TL;DR: Analysis of ZikV polyprotein for peptide sharing with human proteins that, when altered, associate with microcephaly and brain calcifications indicates that immune reactions following ZIKV infection might be a considerable source of crossreactions with brain-specific proteins and might contribute to the ZikaV-associated neuropathologic sequelae.

TL;DR: This review aims to synthetize recent advances in diagnosis and prognosis leading to better classification of SSc patients, and in therapeutic management.

TL;DR: Among the 19 neuropsychiatric syndromes, the positivity of these serum autoantibodies were found specifically significantly associated with the manifestations of mood disorder, psychosis, cerebrovascular disease, seizure disorders, acute confusional state, cognitive dysfunction, headache, movement disorder, demyelinating syndrome and polyneuropathy.

TL;DR: The findings support the current evidence base for an increased cardiovascular burden in Sle patients and support the use of CIMT and carotid plaques in observational studies in SLE patients.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current knowledge on these potential markers, especially focused on new genetic and serological biomarkers is shown in this review, and a new genetic component is revealed the relevance of a genetic component in the development of CV disease in RA patients.

TL;DR: In mice models, cannabinoids are effective in reducing inflammation in arthritis, multiple sclerosis, have a positive effect on neuropathic pain and in type 1 diabetes mellitus, and have shown to have anti-fibrotic effect in scleroderma.

TL;DR: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) consist of exosomes released upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell plasma membrane and microparticles shed directly from the cell membrane of many cell types.

TL;DR: It is proposed that induction of Tregs by probiotics and prebiotics could lead to the development of new therapeutic approach towards curbing the autoimmune response and as an alternative to detrimental immunosuppressive drugs.

TL;DR: In moderately severe lupus nephritis, there is some evidence supporting efficacy of tacrolimus or multi-target TAC+MMF over IVCYC, but no evidence supporting tacro Limus over MMF.

TL;DR: A growing amount of data shows that the highly effective immunotherapeutics which have been introduced to MS-treatment over the last years effectively and sustainably stabilize and ameliorate fatigue in parallel to their dampening effects on the neuroinflammatory process.

TL;DR: It is suggested that many of the known cues affecting the function of the immune system, such as genetics, gender, pregnancy and diet, exert their effects by influencing, at least in part, the microbiota composition and activity, which modulates the immune response in a way that increases the risk for autoimmunity in predisposed individuals.

TL;DR: The proposed multidisciplinary expert statement represents the first attempt to draw comprehensive diagnostic guidelines for HCV-infected individuals encompassing the entire spectrum ofHCV-related disorders, namely typical hepatic manifestations along with less common, often unpredictable HCV -EHDs.

TL;DR: This study confirmed that anti-HMGCR autoantibodies, when found in conjunction with statin use, characterize a subset of IIM who are older and have necrosis on muscle biopsy, and might be considered for future classification criteria.

TL;DR: All the potential adverse events related to IG therapy are reviewed and a comprehensive guideline for the management of these events is established.

TL;DR: Several autoantibodies mainly targeting post-translational modified proteins have been investigated as possible biomarkers to improve the early diagnosis, prognosis and response to therapy in RA patients.

TL;DR: This work has found that interleukin (IL)-10-producing B regulatory cells, which induce generation of T regulatory cells and can ameliorate autoimmune diseases, were found to be reduced in SSc, favoring autoaggression of B cells in this disease.

TL;DR: Current understanding of how IL-17 may influence the pathogenesis of autoimmune vitiligo at the molecular level is synthesized and has implications for defining new Vitiligo biomarkers and treatments.