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Showing papers in "Biochemical Journal in 1954"





Journal ArticleDOI
P. Trinder1

594 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The enzyme activity levels in these consecutive stages of the direct oxidative pathway have been determined in a variety of normal mammalian tissues and tumours and are reported in the present paper.
Abstract: In a previous publication from this laboratory (Dickens & Glock, 1951), data ofa semi-quantitative nature were given on the distribution of enzymes of the direct oxidative pathway of carbohydrate metabolism in several mammalian tissues. Apart from this work, however, and the quantitative data of Horecker & Smyrniotis (1951) on the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities ofsome acetonedried tissues, the distribution of the enzymes of this pathway has not been systematically investigated in animal tissues. Following the development of quantitative methods of assay of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Glock & McLean, 1953) and of methods for quantitatively estimating the breakdown of ribose 5-phosphate, the enzyme activity levels in these consecutive stages of the direct oxidative pathway have been determined in a variety of normal mammalian tissues and tumours. The results are reported in the present paper.

377 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The coupling of aromatic diazo compounds with compounds containing a reactive methylene group to form 'mixed' azo compounds (tautomeric with hydrazones) was recognized as a general reaction following Meyer's (1877) synthesis of phenylazoacetoacetic ester from benzenediazohydroxide and ethyl acetoacetate.
Abstract: The coupling of aromatic diazo compounds with compounds containing a reactive methylene group to form 'mixed' azo compounds (tautomeric with hydrazones) was recognized as a general reaction following Meyer's (1877) synthesis of phenylazoacetoacetic ester from benzenediazohydroxide and ethyl acetoacetate. Japp & Klingemann (1888) found that when equimolar amounts of acetoacetic acid and benzenediazohydroxide were coupled in acetate buffer, CO2 was eliminated and methylglyoxal w-phenylhydrazone was formed (eqn. 1, R = CII,H). Bamberger (1892) showed that, with excess benzenediazohydroxide in the presence of dilute alkali, a second or even a third diazo molecule coupled with acetoacetic acid, forming respectively N, N'-diphenyl-C-acetylformazan and phenylazo(N, N'-diphenylformazan) (eqns. 2 and 3, R = C*Hr). CH3 . CO .CH. COOH +RN2OH CH3.CO.CH:NNHR+CO,+H,0. (1) CH3.CO .CH.COOH + 2RN20H ,N=NR CH,.CoC/N=NR +C0+2H,O. (2) \\N -NHR CH, . CO .CH2.COOH + 3RN2OH N=NR RN:NC( + CH3.COOH +C00 +2H20(3)

261 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work investigated the reaction of chymotrypsin with certain structural analogues of E 600, namely p-nitrophenyl ethyl carbonate (NPC) and it was shown that this inhibition is due to combination of the compounds with a single active centre in the enzyme.
Abstract: was discussed. This compound is a member of a group of organophosphorus insecticides which are powerful inhibitors of cholinesterases. They will also inhibit chymotrypsin, and it has been shown that this inhibition is due to combination of the compounds with a single active centre in the enzyme (Jansen, Nutting & Balls, 1949; Hartley & Kilby, 1952).We investigated the reaction ofchymotrypsin with certain structural analogues of E 600, namely p-nitrophenyl ethyl carbonate (NPC)

259 citations







Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Krebs, H. H., Potter, V. R., Goldman, A., Shipley, E. & Meyer, R. G. (1953).
Abstract: Krebs, H. A. (1953). Brit. med. Bull. 9, 97. Lee, K. H. & Eiler, J. J. (1951). Science, 114, 393. LePage, G. A. (1946a). Amer. J. Phy8iol. 140, 267. LePage, G. A. (1946 b). Amer. J. Phy8iol. 147, 446. LePage, G. A. (1948). Cancer Re8. 8, 193. Lipmann, F. (1941). Advanc. Enzymol. 1, 99. Macfarlane, M. G. & Spooner, S. J. L. (1946). Brit. J. exp. Path. 27, 339. McShan, W. H., Potter, V. R., Goldman, A., Shipley, E. G. & Meyer, R. K. (1945). Amer. J. Physiol. 145, 93. Munch-Petersen, A. (1953). Acta phy8iol. 8cand. 29, 202. Noble, R. L. & Collip, J. B. (1941). Quart. J. exp. Phy8iol. 31, 187. Osborn, G. H. (1953). Analyst, 78, 220. Parker, V. H. (1954). Biochem. J. 57, 381. Pinchot, G. B. & Bloom, W. L. (1950). J. biol. Chem. 184,9. Pollack, H., Flock, E. & Bollman, J. L. (1934). Amer. J. Phy8iol. 110, 105. Richter, D. (1952). Symp. biochem. Soc. 8, 62. Rosenthal, S. M. (1943). Publ. Hlth Rep., Wa8h., 58, 1429. Stoner, H. B. & Green, H. N. (1950). Brit. J. exp. Path. 31, 603. Stoner, H. B., Threlfall, C. J. & Green, H. N. (1952a). Brit. J. exp. Path. 33,131. Stoner, H. B., Threlfall, C. J. & Green, H. N. (1952b). Brit. J. exp. Path. 33, 398. Tabor, H. & Rosenthal, S. M. (1947). Amer. J. Phy8iol. 149, 449. Threlfall, C. J. & Stoner, H. B. (1954). Quart. J. exp. Phy8iol. 39, 1. Wilhelmi, A. E. (1948). Annu. Rev. Physiol. 10, 259.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that D-glucose may also pass to L-ascorbic acid through corresponding intermediates, such as D-galactose, D-mannose, and L-gulonic acid.
Abstract: STUDIES in this laboratory have yielded evidence with both plants and animals that the conversion of D-glucose to L-ascorbic acid is by way of D-glucuronic acid and L-gulonic acid (or derivatives), and it seems that D-galactose may also pass to L-ascorbic acid through corresponding intermediates. The overall conversion of sugars (D-glucose, D-fructose and D-mannose) into L-ascorbic acid had, of course, been demonstrated previously, by Ray1 and others in plants, and by Jackel, Mosbach, Burns and King2 in animals.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The presence of astaxanthin in the shell of Ophidiaster ophidianus is confirmed, and that of #- carotene and cryptoxanthin demonstrated, and a possible biosynthetic route from ,-carotene to astrixanthin is discussed.
Abstract: 1. The presence of astaxanthin in the shell of Ophidiaster ophidianus is confirmed, and that of #-carotene and cryptoxanthin demonstrated. neop-Carotene B and y-carotene are also probably present. 2. Three new pigments are reported: two are probably keto-carotenoids. 3. The quantitative distribution of carotenoids in the shell of 0. ophidianus is recorded. 4. A possible biosynthetic route from ,-carotene to astaxanthin is discussed.