Showing papers in "Biochemical Pharmacology in 1999"

TL;DR: The potential role of DNA synthesis inhibition, free radical formation and lipid peroxidation, DNA binding and alkylation, DNA cross-linking, interference with DNA strand separation and helicase activity, direct membrane effects, and the initiation of DNA damage via the inhibition of topoisomerase II in the interaction of these drugs with the tumor cell are addressed.

TL;DR: This commentary aims to review selected effects of ginseng and ginsenosides and describe their possible modes of action, structural and functional relationship to steroids, and potential targets of action.

TL;DR: The present review discusses and compares new insights into the function of ROI during PCD in mammalian cells and in human and plant diseases.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of various naturally occurring flavonoids on NO production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated in vitro and the most active among 26 flavonoid derivatives tested were apigenin, wogonin, and luteolin.

TL;DR: This review summarises the current status of reporter gene technology including its role in monitoring gene transfer and expression and its development as a biological screen and predicts that luciferase and green fluorescent protein will become increasingly popular for the non-invasive monitoring of gene expression in living tissues and cells.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the phenolics found in virgin olive oil possess an array of potentially beneficial lipoxygenase-inhibitory, prostaglandin-sparing, and antioxidant properties.

TL;DR: The reaction phenotype of a drug is assigned by integrating all three data sets (r, % TNR, and % I), and the normalized rate for each rCYP is expressed as a percent of the TNR (% TNR).

TL;DR: Results suggest that tumor promotion can be enhanced by ROS and oxidative mitotic signal transduction, and this enhancement can be suppressed by EGCG or other tea polyphenols.

TL;DR: The properties of MG in vitro, including pigmentation inhibition in melanocytes, tyrosinase inhibition and selectivity, reduced cytotoxicity relative to HQ, and lack of mutagenic potential in mammalian cells, establish MG as a superior candidate skin-lightening agent.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of wine polyphenolics quercetin and resveratrol and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) did not inhibit LPS-induced activation of the NF-KB complex p50/65, as determined by mobility shift.

TL;DR: The results do not support the view that wine antioxidants inhibit LPS-induced NF-KB activation but instead that they have a more selective action on genes activated by LPS.

TL;DR: The observations suggest that chrysin has favorable membrane transport properties but that its intestinal absorption may be seriously limited by surprisingly efficient glucuronidation and sulfation by the enterocytes and almost quantitative efflux by MRP2 of the metabolites formed.

TL;DR: A nomenclature that uses the widely accepted vertebrate ADH class system as its basis and will accommodate newly discovered members of the vertebrates ADH family, and will facilitate functional and evolutionary studies.

TL;DR: The present study suggests that partial D-amino acid substitution is a useful technique to improve the in vivo activity of antimicrobial peptides.

TL;DR: Impairment of α-oxoaldehyde detoxification is cytotoxic, and this may contribute to toxicity associated with GSH oxidation and S conjugation in oxidative stress and chemical toxicity, and to chronic pathogenesis associated with diabetes mellitus where there is oxidative stressand the formation of glyoxal, MG, and 3-DG is increased.

TL;DR: The results suggest that besides its known antihyperglycemic effect, metformin could also decrease AGE formation by reacting with alpha-dicarbonyl compounds, relevant to a potential clinical use of met formin in the prevention of diabetic complications by inhibition of carbonyl stress.

TL;DR: Porcine brain has at least two enzymes capable of hydrolyzing 2-AG, and both the cytosolic and particulate enzymes were irreversibly and time-dependently inhibited by methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate with IC50 values as low as 2-3 nM.

TL;DR: The data suggest that prostaglandins derived via the individual COX isoforms have separate as well as common functions, however, for the maintenance of normal physiology, it appears that deficiency ofCOX-2 has more profound effects than deficiency of COX-1.

TL;DR: Comparison of data obtained with CYP-expressing cells and human hepatocytes suggests that CYP2C8 > CYC2C19 approximately CYP 2C18 >> CYP1B6 are the isoforms implicated in the 5-hydroxylation of diclofenac in vivo.

TL;DR: Sulindac derivatives can cause growth inhibition and induce apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by a COX-1 and -2 independent mechanism, and this occurs irrespective of androgen sensitivity or increased expression of bcl-2.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the curcumin-mediated preferential inhibition of PAF- and AA-induced platelet aggregation involves inhibitory effects on TXA2 synthesis and Ca2+ signaling, but without the involvement of PKC.

TL;DR: Both SULT2 and SULT1A2 have a series of common alleles encoding enzymes that differ functionally and are associated with individual differences in phenol SULT properties in the liver, and these alleles were in linkage disequilibrium with alleles for SULT 1A1.

TL;DR: It is shown that the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir is a more potent inhibitor of P-glycoprotein than the multidrug resistance (MDR)-reversing agent SDZ PSC 833, and the inclusion of this drug in combination regimens may greatly facilitate brain uptake of HIV prote enzyme inhibitors, which is especially important in patients suffering from AIDS dementia complex.

TL;DR: A growing body of evidence is accumulating for specific activation of NF-kappaB/Rel proteins in the CNS, and in particular in neuronal cells, during neurodegenerative processes associated to etiologically unrelated conditions as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: By selectively targeting those anabolic enzymes that contribute to the neoplastic behavior of cancer cells, the normal cellular differentiation program may be reactivated and the malignant phenotype suppressed.

TL;DR: It is suggested that AKT1 is a downstream effector of estrogen- and IGF-I-dependent proliferation and survival in hormone-responsive MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells.

TL;DR: The structures and the evolutionary conservation of SPP metabolizing enzymes from yeast to mammals support the hypothesis that SPP also plays a role as an intracellular second messenger.

TL;DR: Discovery of the inducibility of many antimicrobial peptides may also lead to the development of compounds that elicit epithelial defense reactions by stimulating the synthesis of endogenous peptide antibiotics.

TL;DR: In separate in vitro measurements, it is hypothesize that quercetin but not FB277 scavenged superoxide anions released in the cortex during reperfusion, thus diminishing the amount of NO removed by the formation of peroxynitrite.

TL;DR: The data indicated that nimesulide, meloxicam, piroxicam, and indomethacin behaved as mitochondrial uncouplers, whereas nabumetone exerted a specific inhibition of site 1 of the respiratory chain, revealing that in situ mitochondria are an accessible target.