Showing papers in "Biochemical Pharmacology in 2011"

TL;DR: Green tea catechin has great potential in cancer prevention because of its safety, low cost and bioavailability, and its mechanism of action at numerous points regulating cancer cell growth, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis.

TL;DR: Exosome biogenesis and molecular content, interaction with target cells, utilisation as biomarkers, and functional effects in various pathophysiologies are considered in this review.

TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that resveratrol inhibits visceral adipogenesis by suppressing the galanin-mediated adipogenesis signaling cascade and may also attenuate cytokine production in the adipose tissue by repressing the TLR2- and TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling cascades in HFD-fed mice.

TL;DR: This review discusses models for the activation and desensitization of nAChR, and the discovery of multiple types of ligands that influence those processes in both heteromeric nA ChR, such as the high-affinity nicotine receptors of the brain, and homomeric α7-type receptors.

TL;DR: Ginsenosides, particularly compounds K, could be used to treat inflammatory diseases, such as colitis, by targeting IRAK-1 activation.

TL;DR: Curcumin (CUR), a dietary compound reported to be able to prevent the development of prostate cancer in TRAMP mice, is investigated as a DNA hypomethylation agent and suggests that CUR can elicit its prostate cancer chemopreventive effect through epigenetic modification of the Nrf2 gene with its subsequent induction of theNrf2-mediated anti-oxidative stress cellular defense pathway.

TL;DR: It is found that TQ exerted strong anti-proliferative effect in breast cancer cells and, when combined with doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil, increased cytotoxicity and it is shown for the first time that the anti-tumor effect of TQ may also be mediated through modulation of the PPAR-γ activation pathway.

TL;DR: Positive allosteric modulation of the α7nAChR offers an alternate approach to direct agonism that could prove to be particularly beneficial in certain disease populations where smoking nicotine is prevalent and could interfere with an orthosteric agonist approach.

TL;DR: The members of the annexin protein family are ubiquitously expressed and function as intracellular Ca(2+) sensors, which interact with distinct plasma membrane regions promoting membrane segregation, membrane fusion and--in combination with their individual Ca( 2+)-sensitivity--allow spatially confined, graded responses to membrane injury.

TL;DR: This research update will review the current literature on the α7 nAChR-Aβ interaction in vitro and in vivo, the functional consequences of this interaction from sub-cellular to cognitive levels, and discuss the implications these relationships might have for AD therapies.

TL;DR: A putative mechanism is proposed that could reconcile a role for autophagy in chemotherapy-induced cancer cell death and dampens treatment efficacy, hence providing a therapeutic target to enhance cancer cell killing.

TL;DR: Taurine might have clinical implications for the prevention of doxorubicin-induced cardiac oxidative stress and the mechanism of taurine-induced cardio protection involves activation of specific survival signals and PI3-K/Akt as well as the inhibition of p53, JNK, p38 and NFκB.

TL;DR: Examining various factors that have been found to positively modulate PON1 examines various drugs (e.g. hypolipemic and anti-diabetic compounds), dietary factors (antioxidants, polyphenols), and life-style factors appear to increase Pon1 activity.

TL;DR: The issue of BRAF inhibitor resistance is addressed and the latest insights into the mechanisms of therapeutic escape are outlined as well as describing approaches to prevent and abrogate the onset of both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance.

TL;DR: The molecular mechanisms activated by the binding of EPO to its receptors in different tissues are detailed, including the erythroid and non-erystroid functions of EPo, by detailing the molecular mechanisms activating the tissue protective effect of the glycoprotein.

TL;DR: This commentary focuses on a somewhat neglected class of T cells called CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) double negative T cells and on their role in inflammation and autoimmunity and the most recent views on their origin at the thymic and peripheral levels are summarized.

TL;DR: Oral administration of EA reduces the damage in a rat model of Crohn's disease, alleviates the oxidative events and returns pro-inflammatory proteins expression to basal levels probably through MAPKs and NF-κB signalling pathways.

TL;DR: The possible utility of recombinant DcR3 as a therapeutic agent to control autoimmune diseases, as well as the potential to attenuate tumor progression by inhibiting D cR3 expression are discussed.

TL;DR: A possibility that EGCG inhibits HMGB1 release by stimulating its autophagic degradation is suggested by suggesting that it internalized intoHMGB1-containing LC3-positive cytoplasmic vesicles in macrophages, and induced HMGB 1 aggregation in a time-dependent manner.

TL;DR: This review aims to examine the recent literature on TLRs in the CNS thus demonstrating their importance in a range of infectious and non-infectious diseases of the brain.

TL;DR: It is observed that catalase overexpression protects cancer cells against the pro-oxidant combination of ascorbate and menadione, suggesting that changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes could be a mechanism of resistance of cancer cells towards redox-based chemotherapeutic drugs.

TL;DR: The characteristics of OCT and MATE are discussed, and the recent topics about the relationship between the transport of platinum agents by organic cation transporters and their pharmacological characteristics are demonstrated.

TL;DR: This article reviews how it is feasible to model many aspects of human cognition with the use of appropriate animal models and associated techniques, including the Use of computer controlled tests (e.g. touch-screens), for optimising translation of experimental research to the clinic.

TL;DR: Some newer findings are reviewed indicating that nAChRs having largely the same, major subunits exist as isoforms with unexpectedly different properties, which require alteration in thinking about their roles in health and disease.

TL;DR: The use of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, starting with (S)-HPMPA as the prototype, yielded three clinically approved antiviral drugs, cidofovir for the treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients, adefovir dipivoxil for the Treatment of chronic hepatitis B and tenofovIR disoproxil fumarate for thetreatment of HIV infections (AIDS) and HBV infections.

TL;DR: Evidence suggests that nAChRs may also play a prominent role in controlling consumption of addictive drugs other than nicotine, including cocaine, alcohol, opiates and cannabinoids.

TL;DR: This commentary highlights some of the most important concepts related to nanoparticles and folate-mediated drug delivery and imaging in cancer research.

TL;DR: The results indicate that it is the ability of ICI to interact with ERα and to competitively displace estradiol and induce a conformational change in ER incompatible with transcriptional activation that are likely to be the most important pharmacological characteristics of this drug.

TL;DR: Well-established and emerging EEG analytic approaches that are currently being integrated into drug discovery programs throughout preclinical development and clinical research are reviewed and the use of EEG in the drug development process in the context of a number of major central nervous system disorders is presented.

TL;DR: Investigations collectively provide strong evidence that VCN-2 is effective against CaP progression along with indicating that VCn-2 and DTL co-administration is more effective than either of the single agents in androgen-independent prostate cancer.