Showing papers in "Biochemical Pharmacology in 2020"

TL;DR: The present review provides a comprehensive insight of the existing knowledge and recent developments on NSAID-induced organ damage while reiterating on the emerging instances of NSAID drug repurposing along with pharmacophore modification aimed at safer usage of NSAIDs where toxic effects are tamed without compromising the clinical benefits.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to summarize current available information about the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in head and neck cancer as a potential target for new therapy options.

TL;DR: The author reviews the mechanisms of the antidepressant actions of the enantiomers of ketamine and its metabolites, (S)-norketamine and (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamines (HNK) and discusses the role of the brain-gut-microbiota axis and brain-spleen axis in stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as depression.

TL;DR: In this context, special attention should be given towards COVID-19 patients with concurrent cardiovascular diseases, and special cardiovascular attention is warranted for treatment of CO VID-19.

TL;DR: Current biomedically-focused research on venoms is directed towards their use in delineating the physiological role of toxin molecular targets such as ion channels and receptors, studying or treating human diseases, targeting vectors ofhuman diseases, and treating microbial and parasitic infections.

TL;DR: What is known up to now on the role of specific proteolytic enzymes in these three steps of the viral replication and assembly and of most promising compounds designed to impair this vicious cycle is surveyed.

TL;DR: Investigation of the effects of curcumin on activation of Nrf2 and its target protein heme oxygenase-1 in mouse skin in vivo and in cultured murine epidermal cells revealed thatCurcumin binds to Keap1 Cys151, supporting that this amino acid is a critical target for cur cumin modification of Keap 1, which facilitates the liberation of NRF2.

TL;DR: The results showed that DHM treatment significantly improved the myocardial structure and function in DOX-exposed rats by alleviating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation and protecting againstDOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

TL;DR: The overall impact of vitaminD on human health is demonstrated by the fact that the need for its efficient synthesis served in European hunter and gatherers as an evolutionary driver for increased 7-dehydrocholesterol levels, while light skin was established far later via populations from Anatolia and the northern Caucasus entering Europe 9000 and 5000years ago, respectively.

TL;DR: An overview of drug uptake-based resistance mechanisms developed by cancer cells in the four main types of chemotherapy used in breast cancer: anthracyclines, taxanes, oxazaphosphorines and platinum-based drugs is provided.

TL;DR: Preclinical in vivo evidence for therapeutic cancer applications of Withaferin A (WA) is summarized and a biochemical framework of its polypharmaceutical effects against cancer hallmarks is provided.

TL;DR: The intent of this review is to present the most validated molecular mechanisms regulating ageing and longevity and critically analyze how selected polyphenols, namely resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin and catechins, can interfere with these mechanisms.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the combined anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties of JAK2/1 inhibitors could be relevant to target lung macrophages in autoimmune and inflammatory pulmonary disorders that have no efficient disease modifying drugs to date.

TL;DR: Daylight is ubiquitous and is crucial for mammalian vision as well as for non-visual input to the brain via the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) that express the photopigment melanopsin.

TL;DR: This review summarizes current understanding of the molecular basis of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inactivation and may lead to development of new therapies directed at NLRP2 inflammaome related diseases.

TL;DR: The results suggest that berberine may serve as a candidate against tumor growth of colon cancer partially through targeting SCAP/SREBP-1 pathway driving lipogenesis.

TL;DR: Results indicate that JNK activation and translocation to mitochondria is a common mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by both VDAC opening and sorafenib.

TL;DR: It is suggested that vitamin D has therapeutic potential for the resolution of ARDS through modulating epithelial cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition.

TL;DR: Results indicated DLF induced ROS-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through ER stress and mitochondrial pathway accompanying with the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/MEK/Erk signaling cascade Thus DLF could be a potential therapeutic agent for CRC.

TL;DR: The current knowledge about alterations of mitochondrial dynamics in cancer will be reviewed and its potential as a target for adjuvant cancer chemotherapy will be discussed.

TL;DR: However, the preeminence of the amyloid hypothesis has resulted in the "systematic […]thwarting of] alternative approaches" to AD/dementia driven by a "cabal" of amyloids acolytes who have effectively controlled the ideas funded and published, which startups received venture investment and which programs were advanced in biopharmaceutical companies where they consulted.

TL;DR: The results show that the negative effects of renal IRI on myocardial viability and cardiac function are caused by induced IP3R phosphorylation, MCU upregulation, and calcium overload.

TL;DR: The therapeutic rationale for targeting these cytokines to treat immune-mediated diseases and issues regarding their inadvertent consequences in the balance of host defense and tumor surveillance are discussed.

TL;DR: To counter the cytotoxic effects of 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, natural molecules and oils, often associated with the Mediterranean diet, as well as synthetic molecules, have proved effective in vitro and bioremediation approaches and the use of functionalized nanoparticles are promising.

TL;DR: The data suggest that supplementation of polyP might contribute to a strengthening of the human innate immunity system in compromised, thrombocytopenic COVID-19 patients.

TL;DR: It is argued that the oral route of administration of quercetin is unlikely to be effective in clinical trials owing to biotransformation during digestion, absorption and metabolism, but it is suggested that agents could be administered directly by alternative routes such as a nasal or throat spray.

TL;DR: The present perspective reports an overview of the correlation between the NO signaling and AD, as well as an outline of the PDE5 inhibitors used as an alternative approach in altering the NO pathway leading to an improvement of learning and memory.

TL;DR: Exendin-4 and DA-JC4 thus merit special attention as IRAs well-suited to enter the central nervous system (CNS), thus reaching areas pathologic in AD and PD.

TL;DR: Several flavonoids were found to reduce ZikV induced plaques and viral RNA copies with negligible cytotoxic effects on host cells and could be used as potential bi-functional drugs for treating ZIKV infections.

TL;DR: Gut microbiota remodeling by Lactobacillus is a potential effective strategy to prevent DON exposure and both LGG and butyrate show promise for use in protecting against DON exposure.