Showing papers in "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta in 2002"

TL;DR: In this paper, a frontal affinity chromatography (FAC) was used to quantitatively analyze the interactions at 20 °C between 13 galectins including 16 CRDs originating from mammals, chick, nematode, sponge, and mushroom, with 41 pyridylaminated (PA) oligosaccharides.

TL;DR: The present paper has tried to bring to the foreground some of the peculiarities of the AA biosynthetic pathway in different organisms, the remarkable function of AA as a co-substrate of many important dioxygenases, the role of AA-regenerating enzymes and the known pathways of AA catabolism.

TL;DR: A series of mouse models have been developed to study the in vivo function of individual components of this pathway in both normal homeostasis and tumor development, and several novel molecules, such as Cdk inhibitors, are under development as potential anti-cancer drugs.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent findings and discusses insights from studies of ceramide metabolism, topology, and effector actions, promising an accelerated phase in defining the molecular and biochemical details of the role of Ceramide in apoptosis.

TL;DR: There is optimism that drugs which inhibit Src's kinase activity, or the activity of its downstream effectors, might have profound effects on cancer cell behaviour and be useful therapeutic agents.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the intracellular activities displayed by several galectins and discusses the possible underlying mechanisms.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent knowledge about plant sHsp gene expression, protein structure and functions and supports the hypothesis that these proteins play an important role in stress tolerance.

TL;DR: The interplay of these nuclear factors appears to be a major determinant in regulating the biogenesis of mitochondria.

TL;DR: The mannose receptor family comprises four glycoproteins each of which is a type I transmembrane receptor with an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain, a single fibronectin type II (FNII) domain and eight to ten C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs).

TL;DR: The models for BSA and HSA with bound SDS suggest that the surfactant could be bound at the same sites as those reported in the crystal structure for the fatty acid, suggesting that the mechanism of the interaction is the same.

TL;DR: Sph kinase (SphK), the enzyme that phosphorylates Sph to form S1P, is a critical regulator of the sphingolipid rheostat, as it not only produces the pro-growth, anti-apoptotic messenger S 1P, but also decreases levels of pro-APoptotic Cer and Sph.

TL;DR: Although the identification of many novel galectin relatives in widely divergent organisms has added significantly to the size and complexity of this intriguing protein family, several common themes arise, which suggest promising new research targets.

TL;DR: Understanding the TLR system should offer invaluable opportunity for manipulating host immune responses, and accumulating evidence indicates that this can be attributed to both the common and unique aspects of the signaling mechanisms that mediate TLR family responses.

TL;DR: The current knowledge on denitrifying genes is summarized and their genetic organizations are compared by using new sequences resulting from the analysis of finished and unfinished microbial genomes with a special attention paid to the clustering of genes encoding different classes of reductases.

TL;DR: The beta-barrels are suitable objects for channel engineering, because the structures are simple and because many of these proteins can be produced into inclusion bodies and recovered therefrom in the exact native conformation.

TL;DR: This review will focus on the molecular mechanisms induced following Fe chelation and the role of Fe in cell cycle progression.

TL;DR: While animal lectins undoubtedly fulfil a variety of functions, many could be considered in general terms to be recognition molecules within the immune system, and have been implicated in direct first-line defence against pathogens, cell trafficking, immune regulation and prevention of autoimmunity.

TL;DR: Recent developments indicate that in addition to the common signaling module MyD88/IRAK/Tollip, other molecules can modulate signaling by TLRs, especially of TLR4, resulting in differential biological answers to distinct pathogenic structures.

TL;DR: The effects of elevated pressure in this range on mesophilic and piezophilic microorganisms are described and research is presented on the isolation of pressure-resistant mutants, high-pressure regulation of gene expression, the role of membrane lipids and proteins in determining growth ability at high pressure.

TL;DR: Three peptidases are responsible for the proteolytic processing of both nuclearly and mitochondrially encoded precursor polypeptides targeted to the various subcompartments of the mitochondria, and their human homologues begin to be recognized as potential players in mitochondrial disease.

TL;DR: There is evidence that, due to differences in the thermal expansivity of the folded and unfolded states of proteins reported in a half dozen manuscripts, that the sign of the volume change may become positive at higher temperatures.

TL;DR: The p-T diagram of bacterial inactivation is shown to be elliptic, showing that the key factor of inactivation should be the protein type, and from the viewpoint of practical applications, it serves as the theoretical basis of pressure treatment of biosystems.

TL;DR: In patients, TS levels as determined by enzyme activity assays, immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression, were related to a response to 5FU, and the clear retrospective relation between TS levels and response now forms the basis for a prospective study.

TL;DR: Current state of knowledge is summarized and a hypothesis for the molecular mechanism of ATP synthesis is presented, which states that the molecular events required to accomplish the chemical synthesis of ATP remain undefined.

TL;DR: A dimeric state of ATP synthase seems to be specific for mitochondria, and monomeric ATP synth enzyme was found in Acetobacterium woodii, in P. denitrificans, and in spinach chloroplasts.

TL;DR: The recent way in which the expression of galectins and galectin-binding sites may affect the behavior of a variety of human neoplastic tissues is discussed.

TL;DR: It is suggested that some of the components of the metabolic syndrome of obese humans and the sarcopenia of aging may be result of failure of leptin liporegulation to prevent lipid overload of lean body mass and lipoapoptosis in certain organ systems.

TL;DR: The authors now have a much better molecular understanding of the high glycolytic phenotype of many cancers, the pivotal roles that Type II hexokinase-mitochondrial interactions play in this process to promote tumor cell growth and survival, and how this new knowledge can lead to improved therapies that may ultimately turn the tide on their losing war on cancer.

TL;DR: Significant advances have been made recently in understanding of the molecular pathways through which p53 activity is regulated, bringing with them fresh possibilities for the design of cancer therapies based on reactivation of the p53 response.

TL;DR: This review is focused on the toxicity of oxLDL, more precisely on the toxic compounds generated during LDL oxidation, the features and the mechanisms of cell death (apoptosis or necrosis) induced byOxLDL.