Showing papers in "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta in 2016"

TL;DR: ROS play a central role in cell signalling as well as in regulation of the main pathways of apoptosis mediated by mitochondria, death receptors and the endoplasmic reticulum, and current understanding of the role of ROS in each of these three main pathways is focused on.

TL;DR: This review gives a general overview of protein acetylation and the respective acetyltransferases, and focuses on the regulation of metabolic processes and physiological consequences that come along with proteinacetylation.

TL;DR: Targeting the complex oxidative stress signaling pathways would offer a valuable perspective for exploration of potential therapeutic strategies in the treatment of this devastating disease.

TL;DR: Although the genotype usually does not correlate with metabolic or cardiac involvement in primary carnitine deficiency, patients presenting as adults tend to have at least one missense mutation retaining residual activity.

TL;DR: The features that characterize circular RNAs are reviewed, putative circular RNA biogenesis pathways are discussed as well as the uncovered functions of circular RNA are reviewed.

TL;DR: An updated version of the mechanistic aspects of some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that play critical roles in human cancer are presented, providing new insight into the regulatory mechanisms underlying several ncRNA classes of importance in cancer, particularly transcribed ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs).

TL;DR: Recent preclinical studies suggest that the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy with drugs that inhibit hypoxia-inducible factors may improve outcome for women with triple-negative breast cancer.

TL;DR: The link between neurovascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration including the effects of AD genetic risk factors on cerebrovascular functions and clearance of Alzheimer's amyloid-β peptide toxin is examined and the impact of vascular risk factors, environment, and lifestyle on cerebral blood vessels is examined.

TL;DR: It is concluded that interaction of antimicrobial peptides with peptidoglycan may not contribute to a reduction of their antimicrobial activity, whereas interaction with anionic lipoteichoic acids may reduce the local concentration of antim antibiotic peptides on the cytoplasmic membrane necessary for sufficient destabilization of the membranes and bacterial killing.

TL;DR: The bacterial membrane provides a target for antimicrobial peptides that directly target a component of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes that can act on both Gram-negative as well as Gram-positive bacteria.

TL;DR: The pathways encompassing succinate as a metabolite or a signal and how these may interact in normal and pathological conditions are reviewed.

TL;DR: The elucidation of mechanisms of dementia after stroke injury will enable establishment of effective strategy for symptomatic relief and prevention, and controlling vascular disease risk factors is essential to reduce the burden of cognitive dysfunction after stroke.

TL;DR: A modified, recombinant dimerized version of sgp130 (sgp130Fc) has successfully been used to block inflammatory processes in mice and may also be used in the clarification of IL-6 trans-signaling in neurological diseases.

TL;DR: NAD+ metabolic pathways can provide key biomarkers and parameters for assessing and modulating organism health and highlight a therapeutic potential for targeting NAD+ biosynthetic pathways for treatment of human diseases.

TL;DR: In this review, the clinical, biochemical, and genetic aspects of all human peroxisomal disorders currently known are discussed.

TL;DR: Because MCTs gate the activities of lactate, drugs targeting these transporters have been developed that could constitute new anticancer treatments and are part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Channels.

TL;DR: The present article provides a general overview of the rationale behind the use of AMPs against biofilms of medically relevant bacteria and on the possible mechanisms of AMP-antibiofilm activity.

TL;DR: UFPs play a major role in adverse impacts on human health and require further investigations in future toxicological research of air pollution and the knowledge of nanotoxicology contributes to the understanding of toxicity mechanisms of airborne UFPs in air pollution.

TL;DR: This review considers the human cathelicidin hCAP18/LL-37's modes of interaction with bacterial membranes and capacity to act as a pore-forming toxin directed by the organism against bacterial cells, contrasting this with the mode of action of related peptides from other species.

TL;DR: This review will consider factors in the evolution of hPSC-CM technologies, as well as their integration into high content industrial platforms that assess structure, mitochondrial function, electrophysiology, calcium transients and contractility.

TL;DR: The entire VAPome in humans and yeast is analyzed using a simple algorithm that identifies many more FFAT-like motifs, and it is shown that approximately 50% of the V APome binds directly or indirectly via the VAP-FFAT interaction.

TL;DR: The currently known mechanisms for RISC assembly of each small RNA class are summarized and a revised model for the role of the chaperone machinery in the duplex-initiated RISCAssembly pathway is proposed.

TL;DR: The X-ray structure of complex I from Yarrowia lipolytica provides clues supporting the previously proposed two-state stabilization change mechanism, in which ubiquinone redox chemistry induces conformational states and thereby drives proton pumping.

TL;DR: Ongoing research within this field may provide a powerful new framework for understanding the common links between neurodegenerative, neurovascular and neuroinflammatory disease, in addition to providing potentially novel therapeutic targets for these conditions.

TL;DR: How membrane compartmentalisation and the particle-membrane binding energy may impact the dynamics and response of lipid membranes is discussed and the properties of the displacement autocorrelation function of the lipid molecules are discussed in the light of their appropriate physical anomalous diffusion models.

TL;DR: This article shortlisted the promising miRNA candidates and discussed their diagnostic properties and cellular functions in order to search for potential biomarker for AD.

TL;DR: The SLC (solute carrier)-type transporters in mammalian cells consist of 52 distinct gene families, grouped solely based on the amino acid sequence (primary structure) of the transporter proteins and not on their transport function.

TL;DR: Although computationally demanding, this method can provide significant insights into the molecular mechanisms of permeation for molecules of medical and pharmaceutical importance.

TL;DR: The impact of nuclear receptor crosstalk in NAFLD is likely to be profound, but requires further elucidation and novel strategies currently under development may be required to separate the beneficial effects ofnuclear receptor activation from unwanted metabolic side effects.

TL;DR: The ability of autophagy to contribute to the maintenance of lipo-homeostasis becomes particularly relevant in the context of genetic lysosomal storage disorders where perturbations of Autophagic flux have been suggested to contribution to the disease aetiology.