Showing papers in "Biodiversitas in 2001"

REVIEW: The Diversity of Indigenous Honey Bee Species of Indonesia

Abstract: It has been known that Indonesia has the most diverse honey bee species in the world. At least five out of nine species of honey bees are native to Indonesia namely Apis andreniformis, A. dorsata, A. cerana, A. koschevnikovi, and A. nigrocincta. One species, A. florea, although it was claimed to be a species native to Indonesia, it is still debatable whether it is really found in Indonesia or not. The new species, A. nuluensis, which is found in Sabah, Borneo is likely to be found in Kalimantan but it has not confirmed yet. This paper discusses briefly the differencesamong those native honey bees.© 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNSKeywords: diversity, indigenous, honey bee, Indonesia

Plants Biodiversity of Jobolarangan Forest Mount Lawu: 1. Cryptogamae

Abstract: The objectives of the research were to make: (1) a list of Cryptogamic plants at Jobolarangan forest in mount Lawu,and (2) the actual condition of biodiversity conservation of the plants. All Cryptogamic plants on the forest were studied. The procedures of data collection were including species collection in the field, make up herbaria, observation of flora vegetation using transect method, morphology observation in the laboratory, and interview to residents and government administrations. The results showed that in the forest were found 77 species Cryptogamic plants, consisting of 27 species of fungi, 5 species of lichens, 20 species of Bryophyta and 25 species of Pterydophyta. Government and residents had successfully conserved the forest; however fire and illegal logging damaged another part.© 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: biodiversity, Cryptogamic plants, Jobolarangan, mount Lawu

REVIEW: Possibilities of Mount Lawu to be a National Park

Abstract: National Park is an area of natural conservation that having indigenous ecosystem managed with zonation system and can be utilized for education, research, crop development and recreation. This concept seems still to be the most suitable technique for biodiversity conservation, and can be applied in Indonesia, where the high biodiversity richness taken place. Mount Lawu and surrounding areas are ideal location to be developed in to National Park. This is due to all criteria needed such as: the width was mare than 10.000 ha, the natural ecosystem and endemic species are still existing, having ancient sites, spiritual and aesthetic value; having typical physiography and physiognomy, as well as the high chance of developing tourism industries. Jobolarangan area is a natural ecosystem that represents the whole ecosystem and problems of Lawu Mountains. This area having quite high diversity and richness consisted of plants, animals and microbes. That development of National Park at Mount Lawu need to be supported by the formation of biodiversity conservation centers, i.e. botanical garden, wild live sanctuary, agro-tourism park, etc., so that becomes an integrated biodiversity conservation area.© 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: biodiversity, Jobolarangan, mount Lawu

A Study of the Epiphytic Orchids in Jobolarangan Forest

Abstract: The objective of the research was to know the species of epiphytic orchids in Jobolarangan forest. The orchid samples were taken from all stand-plants. The plants were chosen randomly by considering the diversity and richness of orchids that attach on it. Each plant was sampled in three repetitions. Sampling of orchids existence in the plant’s stand were done using transect method through a zonation system. In this research 11 epiphyticorchids such as Bulbophyllum bakhuizenii Stenn, Coelogyne miniata Lindl, Coelogyne rochussenii de Vr., Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl., Dendrobchilum longifolium, Eria bogoriensis, J.J.S. Liparis caespitosa (Thou.) Lindl., Liparis pallida (Bl.). Pholidota globosa (Bl.) Lindl., Polystachya flavescens (Bl.) J.J.S., and Trichoglottis sp. were found. The host plant stand that was attached with most orchids was Schefflera fastigiata and Saurauia bracteosa, generally in zone three. © 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta

Studies on Ranunculus Populations: Isozymic Pattern

Abstract: Species of Ranunculus is small herb grows at quite high altitudes, ranging from several hundreds to more than a thousand meter above sea level. They can occupy a variety of habitats such as moist soils or can even grow sub merged or floating in stream. A few numbers of species from different populations have been recorded to have morphological complexity, which could cause a problem for the work of taxonomists in making decisions. In order to support taxonomists in solving their problem, a new experimental method using SDS-PAGE will be used to explore the isozyme data. The main purpose of this research was to investigate whether or not isozyme data can be used to clarify the morphological complexity of Ranunculus species. In this study, nine species of Ranunculus from different populations were used. Five to twenty plants were sampled for electrophoresis studies. Four enzyme systems: peroxidase, esterase, malate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase were chosen. The results showed that every enzyme gave its specific pattern in each species and common band always found in nine species tested. This experiment proved that genetic data (isozyme) quite promoting to be applied in higher plant taxonomy in solving themorphological complexity problem.© 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: isozyme, PER, EST, MDH, ACP, Ranunculus

Plants Biodiversity of Jobolarangan Forest Mount Lawu: 2. Spermatophyta

Abstract: The objectives of the research were to make: (1) a list of Spermatophyte plants at Jobolarangan forest in mount Lawu, and (2) the ecological and the economical benefits of the plants. All Spermatophyte plants on the forest were studied. The research procedures were including species collection in the field, make up herbaria, morphological observations in the laboratory, and interview to residents and government administrations. The results showed that in the forest were found 142 species Spermatophyte plants, in which 126 species of 54 family were identified, consisting of 78 species of herbs, 26 species of bushes, and 21 species of trees. Ecological benefits of the plants were hydrological regulation, keep out landslide and erosions etc., however economical benefits of the plants were log, firewood, charcoal, honey bee, medicinal plants, etc.© 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: biodiversity, Spermatophyte plants, Jobolarangan forest, mount Lawu.

Biodiversity of Insect Larvae in Streams at Jobolarangan Forest

Abstract: Insect larvae are macro-invertebrate that becomes the most perfect indicator of aquatic-environmental health. Natural streams usually determined by its insect-larvae community in a good condition, in which their taxonomic diversity and richness are high. The objective of the research was to know the taxonomic diversity and richness of insect-larvae family in streams at Jobolarangan forest. The larvae were sampled using net-surber (dip-net) in three location of streams, i.e.: Parkiran (1773 m asl.), Mrutu (1875 m asl.), and Air Terjun (1600 m asl.). The screened insect-larvae were grouped its family and counted their individual number. The diversity was counted using Shanon-Weiner diversity indices. In this research was found 12 families of insect-larvae consisted of two families of Odonata order, 3 families of Coleopteran order, and a family of Lepidoptera. Nine families identified, while the three insect-larvae i.e. 2 of Coleoptera and 1 of Lepidoptera were not identified yet. The Parkiran station indicated the highest diversity index of 0.1436.© 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: insect-larvae, diversity, streams, Jobolarangan

Source of contaminant microorganisms in in vitro culture at Sub lab. Biology, Central Laboratory of Mathematics and Sciences, Sebelas Maret University

Abstract: The objectives of the research were to know the species and the most dominant microorganisms that become a source of contamination in in vitro culture at Sub lab Biology, central laboratory of Sebelas Maret University. As in many general laboratory, there were many microorganisms that able to contaminate in vitro culture coming from air, dusts, or from the contaminated experimental materials such as plants or fruits. A qualitative descriptive method was used in the research, involving many steps of making pure culture and identification of microorganisms macroscopically or microscopically. In the research found six microorganisms potentially contaminate in vitro culture, that are generally from groups of fungi (mold), such as Mucor, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Dictyostelium and Saccharomyces. Mucor and Rhizopus were the most contaminants present in all contaminated in vitro culture.© 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey Words: in vitro culture, contamination, fungi

Displacement of Morphological Characters of Barbodes gonionotus at Serpeng Cave Lake, Gunungkidul

Abstract: Serpeng cave lake is located inside a cave that is isolated from any waters outside the cave, and the lake is located about 96 meters down under the ground surface. The isolated waters in the lake have also resulted in the isolation of the fishes from any other fish populations outside the cave. The objective of the study was to know how the displacement of morphological character occurred on a group of fish suspected belong to Barbodes gonionotus lived in Serpeng lake based on the observation of morphological characters of the fish. The Barbodes gonionotus from Kalisuci river and a well at Serpeng village was used as a comparison. The morphological characters observed were morphometric, meristic, color of scale, and number of vertebrae. The parameters of the water environment were also measured. The morphological characters from the three populations of fish were compared. The correlationcoefficient of the morphologic data was measured, and grouping analysis was also applied for data. There was not any obvious differences observed between fishes from Kalisuci river and well at Serpeng village, on the other hand, the differences were obviously observed for the fish from the lake compared to the fishes from the river and well. The differences were evident from all characters observed. The grouping analysis indicated that the fish population suspected to be Barbodes gonionotus from the lake was separated from the same species of the river and well, while the distinct features were not observed between both fishes from the river and well. Based on the basic charactersand observed morphological characters of Barbodes gonionotus suggest that the speciation of the fish to the subspecies taxonomic level has occurred.© 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: cave, geographic isolation, speciation, morphological character