Showing papers in "Biodiversitas in 2005"
TL;DR: A review of studies on the cryopreservation of mammalian sperm, animal husbandry sperm and human sperm have progressed significantly but studies on fish sperm is still confined to some aquatic.
Abstract: An important component of many studies of cryopreservation of fish spermatozoa is the type of extenders and cryoprotectants. The suitability of extenders and cryoprotectants differs from one fish to another. There are many studies have been done in cryopreservation of fish spermatozoa. However, there are few review have been done. This review reveals some aspects of cryopreservation especially the role of extender and cryoprotectant in fish sperm cryopreservation. Fish produce high viscosity of sperm and in some cases only small volume is produced. Before cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen, sperm have to dilute with extenders and for long-term cryopreservation,cryoprotectants are needed to protect the sperm cell from cold and hot shock treatments and prevent cell dehydration during pre-freezing, freezing and post thawed. The suitability of extenders and cryoprotectants differs from one fish to another. Over the last decade, studies on the cryopreservation of mammalian sperm, animal husbandry sperm and human sperm have progressed significantly but studies on fish sperm is still confined to some aquatic.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: fish, sperm, cryopreservation, extenders, cryoprotectants
63 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors asses describe and find out the others iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) properties on the vegetative growth and age until reach the generative growth.
Abstract: The aims of the research was to asses describe and find out the others iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) properties on the vegetative growth and age until reach the generative growth. The research was conducted at the experimental fields of Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga from November, 1999 to May, 2003 and at the experimental field of the Agricultural Technology Assesment Installation Unit, Sukabumi from February 2001 to April, 2002. It was found that iles-iles showed positive responses to shading, good drainage, and application of high manure (organic matter).The phenological study gave additional information on describing this species and also on cultivation aspects such us: planting distance, planting depth, the best time of harvest, and concentration of tuber andbulbil glucomannan.@2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Amorphophallus muelleri Blume, description, glucomannan, tuber, bulbil
25 citations
TL;DR: A study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) from soil samples of Wamena Biological Garden (WbiG) and showed that the microbial population ranged from 5.0x103-7.5x106 cells of bacteria/gram of soil for PSB and NFB respectively.
Abstract: A study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) from soil samples of Wamena Biological Garden (WbiG). Eleven soil samples were collected randomly to estimate microbial population which used plate count method. The result showed that the microbial population ranged from 5.0x103-7.5x106 cells of bacteria/gram of soil and 5.0x103-1.5x107 cells of bacteria/gram of soil for PSB and NFB respectively. There were 17 isolates which have been identified till genus and species. The isolated microorganism were identified as PSB i.e. Bacillus sp., B. pantothenticus, B. megatherium, Flavobacterium sp., F. breve, Klebsiella sp., K. aerogenes, Chromobacterium lividum, Enterobacter alvei, E. agglomerans, Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp. and as NFB i.e. Azotobacter sp., A. chroococcum, A. paspalii, Rhizobium sp., and Azospirillum sp.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: phosphate- solubilizing bacteria, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Wamena Biological Garden
23 citations
TL;DR: The isolation, identification and population of soil microbes from rizosphere at WBiG had been done in the Soil Laboratories Microbiology, Microbiology Division, Research Center of Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Bogor.
Abstract: The isolation, identification and population of soil microbes from rizosphere at WBiG had been done in the Soil Laboratories Microbiology, Microbiology Division, Research Center of Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Bogor. The soil was collected randomly from 16 sites in WBiG, and taken from 0-15 cm depth. Isolates of microbes were identified by Bergeys manual method for bacteria; Ellis method for fungi, and the morphology of isolate method for Actinomycetes. The population of microbes was estimated by plate count method. The result of isolation, identification and population soil microbes from 16 samples in WBiG showed that 20 isolates of bacteria (Azotobactersp., Accinetobacter sp. , Bacillus sp., Citrobacter sp., Flavobacterium sp., Klebsiella sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium sp., Thiobacillus sp., Azospirillum sp., Azotobacter chrococcum, Bacillus panthothenticus, Chromobacterium violaceum, C.lividum,Escherrrichia coli, Flavobacterium breve, Klebsiella aerogenes, Spaerotillus natans, and Staphylococcus epidermidis); nine isolates of fungi (Aspergillus niger, Bisporomyces, Monilia sp., Cephalospharium sp., Verticillum sp., Giocladium sp., Penicillium sp., Nelicocephalum sp., and Cuninghamella sp.), and seven isolates of Actinomycetes (Streptomyces, Streptosporangium, Nocardia, Thermomonospora,Thermoactinomyces, Micromonospora, Mycobacterium). The population of Bacillus (108-109), Rhizobium (106-107), Azospirillum (106-107),and Thiobacillus (104 -109 ) were founded all of soil samples.iƒ“ 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: soil microbes, Wamena Biological Garden (WbiG).
16 citations
TL;DR: The objective of study was to investigate the enzymatic activities of cellulolytic Actinomycetes in Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi, and to measure the activity of CMC-ase.
Abstract: The objective of study was to investigate the enzymatic activities of cellulolytic Actinomycetes. The soil sample was collected from Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi. Actinomycetes was isolated by Casein Agar Medium, and its cellulolytic capacity was determined by measuring the activity of CMC-ase. Two isolates of cellulolytic Actinomycetes belonged to genus Streptomyces were isolated. The CMCase activity was 7.7 unit and 13.4 unit for isolate I and isolate II respectively. The Km of isolate I and isolate II were 1.356x 10-3 and 1.595x10-3 (% b/v) respectively. Vmaks of isolate I and II was 1.658 x10-4 and 6.166x 10-4 I¼g glukosa/mL enzyme /minute, respectively.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Actinomyctes, Streptomyces, Celulolytic, Bukit Dua Belas National Park.
12 citations
TL;DR: Relationship between species of Piper based on morphological character showed that P. aduncum and P. cubeba indicated the higest similarity level (81.5%) among the species, and relationsips between species based on leaf essential oils character resulted the difference cluster among thespecies.
Abstract: Some of Piper species were used for traditional medicines and condiments The leaf essential oil (terpenoid) of those Piper species usually were used as a main component in traditional medicine The taxonomycal study was aimed to determined Piper species relationships based on morphological and leaf essential oils characters The plants were obtained by exploring this province, and samples were collected for identification and leaf essential oils isolation purposes Species identification were carried out based on identification key (Backer and Bakhuizen vd Brink, 1965; Heyne, 1987; Shaorong, 1982) The isolation of leaf essential oils was carried out using Stahl destillation method, and their composition were interpreted with liquid gas chromatography, using caryophyllene and ii-pinene as a standard of essential oils component Dendrogram, which showed phenetic relationships among those species, were obtained by hierarchical cluster analysis method Results of the research showed that there were 8 species found as cultivated plants in Yogyakarta, which were P miniatum Bl, P betle L, P recurvum Bl, P aduncum L, P nigrum L, P cubeba Lf, P retrofractum Vahl, and P sarmentosum Roxb Ex Hunter Relationship between species of Piper based on morphological character showed that P aduncum and P sarmentosum at thesame cluster on 692% similarity level, and 404% similarity level to the other clusters Relationsips between species of Piper based on leafessential oils character resulted the difference cluster among the species, P retrofractum separated from the other species at 455% similarity level, P aduncum and P cubeba indicated the higest similarity level (815%)@ 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: relationship, Piper, morphology, leaf essential oils, taxonomic characters
10 citations
TL;DR: The result of this study shows that the characteristics on genetic resource of Bali cattle which comprises documentation, evaluation on reproduction and production, and attempt in increasing Bali livestock’s genetic quality in Indonesia have been done, eventhough those are still limited.
Abstract: Bali cattle is an Indonesian native beef cattle, the result of domestication of Banteng (Bos-bibos banteng). The main problem faced in the development of Bali cattle is the low quality of breed, which is predicted as the effect of inbreeding or raising management. The affects of genetic and cross breeding which usually inflict a loss are the decreasing of cattle’s endurance, fertility and birth weight. Seeing the fact, the government effort to introduce a quality bull to the breed source areas, the determination of cattle release including the controll on the cutting of productive female cattle, and to exactly count the number of Bali cattle which can be released in order to do not disturb its population balance, so it is necessary to do conservation attempt by in-situ and ex-situ. The result of this study shows that the characteristics on genetic resource of Bali cattle which comprises documentation, evaluation on reproduction and production, and attempt in increasing Bali cattle’s genetic quality in Indonesia have been done, eventhough those are still limited.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Bali cattle, animal genetic resource, reproduction, production
10 citations
TL;DR: The study intended to observe the vegetation composition and structure of mangrove plants on southern and northern coast of Central Java Province indicated that in the disturbance condition, the preservation ofMangrove was guaranteed, as long as there was no great change on a broad scale.
Abstract: The study was intended to observe the vegetation composition and structure of mangrove plants on southern and northern coast of Central Java Province. This research was conducted in July till December 2003, at 20 sites. Laboratory assay was done in Laboratory of Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Central Laboratory of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University (UNS) Surakarta. Data was collected by using belt transect method, from coast line into landward. The result indicated that in common, the trees strata which also have shoots strata and strata of germs (seedlings); and bushes strata which also have strata of germs(seedlings), if they were compared to the same species then their important value tend to be stable. So it was predictable that in the disturbance condition, the preservation of mangrove was guaranteed, as long as there was no great change on a broad scale.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: mangrove plants, Central Java Province, composition and vegetation structure
9 citations
TL;DR: The conclusion from this experiment is that the expression of p53, Rb and c-myc proteins in cervical cancer are in mild category (30-70%).
Abstract: The pathogenesis of cancer as whole (50%) is caused by gene mutation. Pathogenesis of cervical cancer has focusing on Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Early-7 (E7) proteins of HPV shell bind the Rb tumor suppressor gene, so pRb (Rb protein) can’t express. Because of the E2F transcription factor gene can’t bound with pRb, so E2F gene are going active and help c-myc for DNA replication and to stimuli the cell cycle. E6 protein of HPV is bind to and facilitates the degradation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene product. The objective of this experiment is to known the expression of p53, Rb and c-myc proteins in cancer of uterine cervix. Nineteen blocks paraffin tissue of cervical cancer are cut in thoroughly cleaned cryotome and place in glass plate that covered with poly-elysine. The immunohistochemistry is done with monoclonal antibody anti p53, Rb and c-myc proteins. The Result of this experiment is shown that the expression of proteins of p53 protein is 40%, Rb protein is 30.8% and c-myc protein is 50.1%. The conclusion from this experiment is that the expression of p53, Rb and c-myc proteins in cervical cancer are in mild category (30-70%). The experiment about cervical cancer is suggested.Key words: cervical cancer; p53; Rb; c-myc; immunohistochemistry.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the potencies of local species to accumulate heavy metals such as Pb and cyanide and found that some species accumulated heavy metals in high concentration such as Ipomoea sp. (35.70 ppm cyanida) and Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Robinson(11.65 ppm Pb).
Abstract: One of the most important problems in degraded mined ecosystem is contamination of soil and water by toxic substances, mainly heavymetal such as Pb and others such as cyanide. Phytoremediation could be used as an alternative technique to overcome this problem.Phytoremediation is defined as clean up of pollutans primarily mediated by photosynthetic plants. These plants have several beneficialcharacteristics such as the ability to accumulate metal in their shoots and an especially high tolerance to heavy metals. This research wascarried out to study the potencies of local species to accumulate Pb and cyanide. Seventeen species were collected from mined waste area(namely tailing area) and then the cyanide and Pb accumulated in each species were analyzed. The result showed that some speciesaccumulated Pb and cyanide in high concentration such as Ipomoea sp. (35.70 ppm cyanida) and Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Robinson(11.65 ppm Pb). A series of research is needed to prove that these species are potential as heavy metal and cyanide accumulators.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: phytoremediation, heavy metal, gold mined
7 citations
TL;DR: Tigawasa is one of the famous traditional villages as a center of bamboo handicraft in Buleleng regency-Bali as discussed by the authors, where the authors conducted a research conducted at Tigawasa village in June 2003 by stripe and interview methods.
Abstract: Tigawasa is one of the famous traditional villages as a center of bamboo handicraft in Buleleng regency-Bali. As a center of bamboo handicraft its have been wrestled since centuries. Their peoples have done traditionally bamboo conservation surrounding their house and garden too. The marginal area, river flow area and stiff slope that are outskirts of village become to focus of bamboo conservation by their peoples, too. This research conducted at Tigawasa village in June 2003 by stripe and interview methods. Two kilometers stripe length by 50 meters width; follow the direction north south of the river was investigated. To know the utilization of kind of bamboo and their product conducted by interview to craftsman and community figure. The result of inventory knew about four genus consist of 19 species planted in this village. To know those bamboo species will be presented their key of determination. The genus of Gigantochloa and Schizostachyum to dominate of their species, and have many uses of it’s, also. Not less than 54 kind of bamboos handicraft product was produced in this village. The diversity of bamboos handicraft product, develop according progress of the technology and demand of period. Many of new products composed and use of color or paint develop to produce varieties of fixed product. Two-kind of product that is traditional boxes (“sokasiâ€) handicraft and woven bamboo (“bedegâ€) to become this village famous at Bali, even though in foreign countries Energetic development of bamboos home industry to come to decrease stock of raw materials. About two trucks supply from east Java regularly to anticipation of decrease local stock of raw materials every week.@ 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: inventory, utilization, bamboo species, Tigawasa village, Bali
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the results of re-measurement of some 150x110 m2parts of the plot in August 2003, about 23 years after plot establishment.
Abstract: A plot of 150x700 m2 was established in a mixed dipterocarps of Wanariset Semboja, East Kalimantan during the periods of 1979-1981. The forest was dominated by Eusideroxylon zwageri (Lauraceae), Dipterocarpus cornutus (Dipterocarpaceae), Pholidocarpus majadum (Arecaceae), and Diospyros borneensis (Ebenaceae). Since the plot establishment, the forests then had experienced three times of forest fires, those were in 1982-1983, 1994-1995 and 1997-1998. The present paper reports the results of re-measurement of some 150x110 m2parts of the plot in August 2003, about 23 years after plot establishment. Micro topographically, the studied plot was relatively undulating in higher parts and relatively flat in the lower parts of the plot, while the differences between lowest sub-plot and higher sub-plot of the remeasured plot was 26 m. Forest floor of the lower parts of the plot were humid to wet during rainy season and still humid during dry season. Almost all of the trees within lower parts of the plot were escaped from these three times of forest fires; hence these sub-plots weredominated by the trees of primary species that enumerated in 1980. Those sub-plots in the higher parts were burnt during the past forest fires indicated by the charcoal of standing trees and remaining felling logs in the forest floor. These burnt sub-plots were dominated by pioneer or secondary tree species, such as: Mallotus spp., Macaranga spp., Ficus spp. and Vernonia arborea. Local distribution of some indicator species (such as primary tree species: Pholidocarpus majadum, Diospyros spp., Eusideroxylon zwageri and species of Dipterocarpaceae; pioneer or secondary tree species Vernonia arborea, Macaranga spp., Mallotus spp., Ficus uncinulata, Piper aduncum, Peronema canescens) within the plot were figured. Mortality, recruitment and growth rate during the period of 1980-2003 were also discussed.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: dynamics, mix dipterocarps forest, forest fires, mortality, recruitment and growth rate.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify growth hormone gene variation of Indonesian native cattle, PO cattle, and to know the effect of the variation on growth rate (daily gain) of the cattle.
Abstract: The objectives of the research were to identify growth hormone gene variation of Indonesian native cattle, PO cattle, and to know the effect of the variation on growth rate (daily gain) of the cattle. White blood cells were extracted from the samples of total blood by buffy coat method. DNA was then extracted from white blood cells using Wizard Genomic Purification kit. PCR-RFLP using MspI restriction enzyme was employed to detect polymorphic site on locus 2 of GH gen continued with sequencing for some representative genotypes. Phenotypicdata of growth rate (daily gain) measured for 90 days, while sex and age were used as supporting phenotypic data. All data were then analysed statistically using Anova model implemented in JMP program from SAS. The result of the analysis indicated that MspI polymorphism affect growth rate significantly (P=0.01), in which MspI (+-) genotype resulted in best growth of PO cattle. Age and sex were also affect growth of the cattle.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: PO cattle, PCR-RFLP, GH gene, growth
TL;DR: The results offer an alternative procedure to detect the germination ability of seeds at early stage and longer period of preservation which could contribute to future ex situ conservation.
Abstract: Sandoricum koetjape which belongs to the group of mahogany, possesses seeds with sticky white aril, is a neglected local fruit species that might extinct if conservation efforts are not made. Besides preserving the embryos and embryonic axis on different periods of storage (0, 3, 5, 7 days) on a vacuum glass container containing silica gel, the latter organs were also preserved in liquid nitrogen to study the possibility of long-term storage. The water content of the preserved organs was measured in relation to the length of storage and the germination rate. To determine the role of peroxidase in the germination rate of preserved zygotic embryos, the level of peroxidase was measured. Seeds of control and of 3-day storage were mostly germinated at day-6. The average rate of germination was reduced to 23.33% when the seeds were desiccated with silica gel for 7 days which resulted in 27.69% water content. This germination capability and the length of hypocotyls seem to correlate with peroxidase activity in the seeds. In general, the higher the percentage of germination, the longer the length of hypocotyls, the higher the peroxidase activity, except for seeds desiccated for 7 days. The range of peroxidase activity was 6.81-3856.20 I”A/2min/mg. When the seeds were desiccated for 7 days, they still could germinate at day-18 which indicated by a very high peroxidase activity. Peroxidase activity assay could detect the viability within 15 seconds while the TTZ requires 15 minutes. Although the highest percentage of survived embryonic axis after storage in liquid nitrogen was only 23.42%, the results showed that soaking in 10-20% DMSO for 20 minutes of prerequisite as without DMSO led to no survival. These results offer an alternative procedure to detect the germination ability of seeds at early stage and longer period of preservation which could contribute to future ex situ conservation.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: recalcitrant, seeds, embryos, desiccation, preservation, peroxidase, Sandoricum koetjape.
TL;DR: In this article, a study on the biodiversity and growth beharviour of Nepenthes spp. in Tanjung Puting National Park was carried out, where four species were studied: N. ampullaria, N. mirabilis N. rafflesiana, and N. hookeriana.
Abstract: Nepenthes is one of the popular genus of pitcher plants. Research on the biodiversity and growth beharviour of Nepenthes spp. in Tanjung Puting National Park was carried out. There were four species studied, namely: N. ampullaria, N. mirabilis N. rafflesiana, and N. x. hookeriana,. There were about 2096 individuals recorded in this study consisting of 1322 N. ampullaria, 1332 N. mirabilis, 141 N. rafflesiana, and 111 N. x. hookeriana. Variation of tendril positions occurred in 1 rosette plant and 3 climbing stems (mature plants) of N. ampullaria, 2 rosettes and 9 mature N. mirabilis, 1 rosette and 4 mature N. rafflesiana, 2 rosettes and 2 mature N. x. hookeriana. Their habitats were also very specific. It was noted that 6 species of other plants were grown and associated with the Nepenthes spp.Key words: biodiversity, growth beharviour, Nepenthes ampullaria, Nepenthes mirabilis, Nepenthes rafflesiana, Nepenthes x hokeriana, Tanjung Puting National Park.
TL;DR: It was recorded that there were 137 orchid species belonging to 51 genera, 95species of which were epiphytes and 42 other species were terrestrial orchids, the most dominant terrestrial orchid was Plocoglottis javanica.
Abstract: Gunung Simpang Nature Reserve is located in West Java Province. It covers a 15.000 hectare area of highland forest, the altitude range between 800 to 1823 m asl. Orchid inventory and exploration were conducted to study orchid diversity in this conservation areas. Living plant was collected for ex situ conservation purpose in Botanic Garden. Observation on the population of terrestrial and epiphyte orchid was also done to study the dominant orchid in that area. It was recorded that there were 137 orchid species belonging to 51 genera, 95species of which were epiphytes and 42 other species were terrestrial orchids. 134 species of which were collected in Cibodas Botanic Garden, which is suitable place for highland plant. The most dominant terrestrial orchid was Plocoglottis javanica. Other species were also abundantly found, such as Phaius pauciflorus, Liparis rheedii, Diglyphosa latifolia, Neuwiedia zollingeri var. javanica, Calanthe ceciliae, C. speciosa and Phaius callosus. Some epiphyte orchids were very common found, that are Agrostophyllum majus, Coelogyne speciosa, Dendrobium mutabile, Agrostophyllum bicuspidatum, Pholidota ventricosa and Eria javanica. Some attractive orchids are potential for ornamental plant, such as Vanda tricolor, Phaius callosus, Phaius tankervilleae, Arundina graminifolia, Bulbophyllum lobbii, Coelogyne speciosa, Calanthe ceciliae, Calanthe triplicata and Calanthe speciosa.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: orchid, Gunung Simpang Nature Reserve, diversity.
TL;DR: In this paper, the diversity and distribution of mangrove plants species on the southern and northern coast of Central Java Province were observed by using survey method, than it was identified and preserved as herbaria, and the results indicated that there was 55 species (27 families) of MANG in Central Java, composed by major (17), minor (12), and association (26) plants, with habits i.e. trees (32), bushes (13), and herbs (10).
Abstract: The study was intended to observe the diversity and the distribution of mangrove plants species on southern and northern coast of Central Java Province. This research was conducted in July till December 2003, at 20 sites. Laboratory assay was conducted in Laboratory of Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Central Laboratory of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, SebelasMaret University (UNS) Surakarta. Plant specimens were collected by using survey method, than it was identified and preserved as herbaria. The result indicated that there was 55 species (27 families) of mangrove plants in Central Java, composed by major (17), minor (12), and association (26) plants, with habits i.e. trees (32), bushes (13), and herbs (10). The species of major mangrove plant with the broadest range of site distribution were R. mucronata (16), followed by S. alba (15), N. fruticans (12), A. alba and A. marina (each was 11).The species of minor mangrove plant with the broadest range of site distribution was A. aureum (11). The associative plant of mangrove with the broadest range of site distribution was A. ilicifolius (16), D. trifoliata (15), C. gigantea (13), H. tiliaceus (11), T. catappa (11), and I. pes-caprae (10). The other species were distributed in less than 10 sites. The location with the most varied species diversity was Wulan (35), the next was Motean and Muara Dua (each was 29), Bogowonto (19), Pasar Banggi (18), Tritih (17), Sigrogol (15), Juwana and Ijo (each was 14), Cakrayasan (12), Lasem and Serang (each was 11), Bulak, Telukawur, Cingcingguling and Bengawan (each was 9),Pecangakan (8), Serang (6), and the last was Tayu (5).© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: mangrove plants, species diversity, Central Java Province.
TL;DR: In this article, the determinination of the suitable pH condition for maximizing the activity of endo-1,4-I²-glucanase of Bacillus sp. AR 009 had been done.
Abstract: The determinination of the suitable pH condition for maximizing the activity of endo-1,4-I²-glucanase of Bacillus sp. AR 009 had been done. The acidity range of media for examining the enzyme activities were 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 at 37°C. The experiments show that the value of maximum activity of endo-1,4-I²-glucanase was 23.068 U/mL at third day incubation with 124.565 mg/L of sugar reduction at pH 7.Key words: pH, Bacillus sp. AR 009, endo-1,4-I²-glucanase
TL;DR: Research on insect biodiversity in Indonesia which is known as megabiodiversity still not yet a lot of done, the lack of entomologist especially taxonomist and the limited of identification key available also become the problems of study on dung beetles biodiversity as well as another group of insect in Indonesia.
Abstract: Research on insect biodiversity in Indonesia which is known as megabiodiversity still not yet a lot of done. Dung beetles represent one of insect group owning very important ecological role and enough suscebtible to condition change of an ecosistem so that is often made as one of bioindicator. Although it was estimated that there is about 1000 to 2000 species of dung beetle in Indo-Australia archipelago but theexact species number of Indonesia’s dung beetles not yet been known, since the are more than 17,000 islands in the country and different islands posseses a lot of endemic species. The lack of entomologist especially taxonomist and the limited of identification key available also become the problems of study on dung beetles biodiversity as well as another group of insect in Indonesia. Therefore, we need some effort expected to solve these problem in order to accelarate the research of insect biodiversity in Indonesia.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: biodiversity, insects, dung beetles, Scarabaeidae
TL;DR: Based on the survey on palms taxa, Gunung Lumut has 33 species of palms in 11 genera as mentioned in this paper, including Calamus 8 species, Daemonorops 7 species, Plectocomia 1 species, Korthalsia 6 species, Ceratolobus 2 species, Eugeissona 1 species and Oncosperma 1 species.
Abstract: Kalimantan is one of biodiversity centers in Indonesia, especially for commercial timbers such as dipterocars and commercial non timbers, such as orchids, ferns, and palms. One of the biodiversity centers in Kalimantan is Gunung Lumut. Gunung Lumut is located in Barito Utara Regency, Central Kalimantan. The area is proposed as conservation area (world natural heritage) by local government, because its biodiversity richness and also water reserve. Biodiversity surveys on plants and animals have been done by Indonesian Institute of Sciences staff cooperation with the Local government since 2002 to get some data for that purposed. Based on the survey on palms taxa, Gunung Lumut has 33 species of palms in 11 genera. There are Calamus 8 species, Daemonorops 7 species, Plectocomia 1 species, Korthalsia 6 species, Ceratolobus 2 species, Eugeissona 1 species, Oncosperma 1 species, Pinanga 4 species, Iguanura 1 species, Arenga 1 species, and Licuala 1 species.@ 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: palms, Gunung Lumut, Kalimantan, world natural heritage.
TL;DR: The result showed 57 species of plant used as cuscus feed sources and 11 species of plants as their nesting site showed direct threat for their conservation were due to hunting pressure by outer conservation area people, specially Biak city people, as just for laugh.
Abstract: Studies on nesting site and feed selection of cuscus in Northern Biak Nature Reserve, Biak Numfor level two district, Papua was conducted from August to September 2003. The result showed 57 species of plant used as cuscus feed sources and 11 species of plants as their nesting site. Parts of the plants being consumed were fruit (76,1%), leaves (13,4%), flowers (9%), and shoot (1,5%). The night watched identified two species of cuscus, namely common cuscus (Phalanger orientalis Pallas), and spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus Desmarest). Direct threat for their conservation were due to hunting pressure by outer conservation area people, specially Biak city people, as just for laugh.Key words: Cuscus, family Phalangeridae, feed sources, nesting site, Northern Biak Nature Reserve
TL;DR: Research on feed plants selection and nesting site of cuscus (Phalanger sp.) was conducted in Nature Reserve of Gunung Mutis, West Timor, East Nusa Tenggara, and the results showed seven species of plants was selected by cUScus as their nesting site and 41species of plants as their feed resources.
Abstract: Research on feed plants selection and nesting site of cuscus (Phalanger sp.) was conducted in Nature Reserve of Gunung Mutis, West Timor, East Nusa Tenggara. The study was done in the montane rain forest with the altitude of 1530-2010 m a.s.l. The results showed seven species of plants was selected by cuscus as their nesting site and 41 species of plants as their feed resources. Parts of the plants being consumed were young leaves, flower, and fruit. Their habitat was damaged caused by exploitation of the forest. Meanwhile, hunting pressure by local people to provide their meat supply threatens the existence of cuscuses.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Phalanger sp., cuscus, plant, feed, nesting site, Gunung Mutis, East Nusa Tenggara.
TL;DR: In this article, a study on floristic composition and vegetation has been carried out in natural forest Rimbo Panti, it is one of the remnant natural forest area in West Sumatera.
Abstract: Study on floristic composition and vegetation has been carried out in natural forest Rimbo Panti, it is one of the remnant natural forest area in West Sumatera. The study was used quadrad method. Three sample permanent plots of 100x100 m were arranged at some altitudes (300 m, 500 m, and 700 m). Enumeration was done to all trees with diameter at breast height down to 5 cm dbh.The result of tree sampling at the location from 1059 individu totally was recorded 199 species, belong to 113 genera and 48 families with total basal area 29.16 m². Whereas the three plots were located at the same hill but if it was saw based on Jaccards index showed that the value relatively low, that is as 58.7%. From the three plots represented that at 300 m alt. which higher people pressure has been invation species of Arenga obtusifolia seriously. Some common species in the forest could be grouping of the big five, among them Paranephelium nitidum, Villebrunea rubescens, Aglaia odoratissima, Drypetes longifolia and Cyathocalyx sumatranus. The classification height of tree was showed that the plots in hilly ecosistem are a lot of trees in layer A (emergent tree) with height reached 50 m tall.Key words: composition, structure, vegetation, natural forest, Rimbo Panti.
TL;DR: In this paper, 19 isolates of M. purpureus were grown on slant agar of bean sprout extract agar for 14 days and the results showed that all the tested isolates could produce lovastatin compound, the yellow and the red pigment.
Abstract: Research on characterization of pigment and lovastatin content of M. purpureus had been done. The aim of the research was to select 19 isolates of M. purpureus which produced the highest lovastatin content, and whether there was any correlation between pigment content and the lovastatin content. The isolates were grown on slant agar of bean sprout extract agar for 14 days. The spores suspension was inoculated to sterile cooked rice IR 42, then incubated for 14 days at 27-32oC. The fermented rice called “angkakâ€, dried in oven at 40-45oC for two weeks. The dried “angkak†was powdered to measure the content of the pigment and lovastatin. By using spectrophotometer the content of the yellow pigment and the red pigment at 390 nm and 500 nm wavelength respectively, could be detected. The content of lovastatin could be measured by using HPLC. The result showed that all the tested isolates could produce lovastatin compound, the yellow and the red pigment. The highest lovastatin content was 0.92% which produced by JmbA isolate. There was no correlation between the pigment and the lovastatin content. Key words: Monascus purpureus, pigment, lovastatin.
TL;DR: The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) frequently visits certain lowland (baruh) and never visits other, although both lowlands are inundated during rainy season or even have no water during the dry season.
Abstract: The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) frequently visits certain lowland (baruh) and never visits other, although both lowlands are inundated during rainy season or even have no water during the dry season. Data on seedling, sapling, pole, and tree of two former lowlands and of two latter ones were collected. Important value indexes were compared based on Renkonen similarity index. Treatments on vegetation were qualitatively recorded. The former lowlands had more diverse vegetation and higher security level than the latter had. Food sources, such as Hevea brasiliensis, Syzygium stapfiana, Vitex pubescens, Elaeocarpus stipularis, and Artocarpus teysmanii were available and more abundant on the former lowlands which were poorly cared. However, such condition could change anytime, because alllowlands include in the cultivated area.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: lowland-edge vegetation, Nasalis larvatus, rubber forest, Tabalong.
TL;DR: In this paper, eleven soil samples have been isolated and characterized using Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar medium (YEMA) while the characterization by using YEMA medium mixed with Brom Thymol Blue and Congo Red indicators respectively.
Abstract: The eleven soil samples have been isolated and characterized. The aims of the study were to get the pure culture and some data which described about enumeration and especially their characters in relation to the acids and bases reaction in their growth. The isolation of the bacteria use Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar medium (YEMA) while the characterization by using YEMA medium mixed with Brom Thymol Blue and Congo Red indicators respectively. The results showed that eighteen isolates have been isolated which consisted of three low growing and fifteen fast growing bacteria. Two isolates were not indicated Rhizobium and sixteen were Rhizobium. Density of Rhizobiumenumeration was varied which related to soil organic matter content. The enumeration bacteria in YEMA medium were in the range of 0.6 x 105 and 11.6 x 105 CFU /g soil. The highest population was found in soil sample of Wieb vegetation.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Rhizobium, Wamena Biological Garden, isolation, enumeration, characterization.
TL;DR: There were 10 bamboo species in Sumba Island, 1 species was a new species which has not been collected before, whereas the other species has a new addition record from this area, and the genus Dinochloa was the only genus grow climbing.
Abstract: Bamboo is one of the economic plant which grow widely in the villages and have been used by the local people in the villages. Indonesia has about 10% of the world bamboo, 50% among them was endemic to Indonesia. According Widjaja (2001) Lesser Sunda Island which consists of Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor, Sumba and other small island eastern of Flores has 14 bamboo species, however, the information from the Sumba Island was lacking because of lacking data from this area except one species which was proposed by S. Soenarko in 1977 where the type specimens was collected by Iboet 443 in 1925. To fullfill data from the Sumba Island, an exploration tothis area has been conducted on July 2003. The observation was done in West Sumba and East Sumba District, especially in two natioal parks at both districts. According to this inventory study in the Sumba Island, there were 10 bamboo species in Sumba Island, 1 species among them (Dinochloa sp.) was a new species which has not been collected before, whereas the other species (Dinochloa kostermansiana) has a new addition record from this area. The bamboo species in Sumba Island were Bambusa blumeana, Bambusa vulgaris, Dendocalamus asper, Dinochloa kostermansiana, Dinochloa sp., Gigantochloa atter, Nastus reholtumianus, Phyllostachys aurea, Schisotachyum brachycladum and Schizostachyum lima. From 10 recorded species, the genera Dinochloa and Nastus grow wild in the forest, whereas another species grow widly or cultivated in the garden. Furthermore, the genus Dinochloa was the only genus grow climbing. The endemic species found in Sumba Island was Nastus reholttumianus, whereas Dinochloa kostermansiana was also found in Flores Island.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: biodiversity, bamboo, Sumba Island.
TL;DR: Result of publicizing indicate that there are 9 species Myristica in Indonesia representing original crop and distributed the round of main island in Indonesia.
Abstract: Genus Myristica represent one of important taxon in kingdom plantarum in Indonesia meaning if evaluated from number of species, distribution of species, and role for society. Result of publicizing indicate that there are 9 species Myristica in Indonesia representing original crop and distributed the round of main island in Indonesia. Member of genus Myristica this type of a lot of exploited upon which the food, industrial raw material, construction material, etc. Because that’s important role hence the effort conservation must be done in order to the Myristica sustainability can be taken care of.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Myristica, biology and conservation, Indonesia.
TL;DR: The research result indicated that the forest of Mioswaar Island had been 3 sub families of palms, i.e. Arecoideae, Calamoideae), consist of 12 genera, namely: Areca, Arenga, Calamus, Caliprocalix, Caryota, Gronophyllum, Gulubia, Licuala, Orania, Metroxylon, Pigafetta, and Pinanga.
Abstract: The aim of the research was to find out palms species diversity in Mioswaar Island, Teluk Wondama Regency, West Irian Jaya (Papua). The research result indicated that the forest of Mioswaar Island had been 3 sub families of palms, i.e. Arecoideae, Calamoideae, and Coryphoideae, consist of 12 genera, namely: Areca, Arenga, Calamus, Caliprocalix, Caryota, Gronophyllum, Gulubia, Licuala, Orania, Metroxylon, Pigafetta, and Pinanga. The most common species palm was Arenga microcarpa, Gulubia costata, and Gronophyllum pinangoides. In this island, palms grew at 2-200 asl.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: inventory, diversity, description, palm species, Mioswaar island.