Showing papers in "Biodiversitas in 2012"
TL;DR: Srivastava et al. as mentioned in this paper reviewed the impact of climate change and its mitigation on sugar production and sugar yield in the future, and proposed agronomic measures including development of suitable cane varieties susceptible to changed climate conditions, land preparation, time and pattern of plantation, weed, disease and pest managements, nutrients managements and proper timing and adequate water management.
Abstract: Srivastava AK, Rai MK. 2012. Review: Sugarcane production: impact of climate change and its mitigation 13: 214-227. Sugarcane is a climatic sensitive crop: therefore, its spatial distribution on the globe is restricted as per the suitability of various climatic parameters. The climate change, though, a very slow phenomenon is now accelerated due to natural, as well as enormous human activities disturbing the composition of atmosphere. The predications of various climatic models for probable rise in temperature, rainfall, sea level show an alarming condition in forthcoming decades. As the sugarcane is very sensitive to temperature, rainfall, solar radiations etc. therefore, a significant effect on its production and sugar yield is expected in future. It is also well known that sugarcane is one of the precious crops of the world and its end products i.e. sugar and ethanol have a continuous growing demand on global level. Hence, the studies related to good production of sugarcane in changing conditions of climate has become one among the front line area of research and is a major concern of scientist’s world over. Advance agronomic measures including development of suitable cane varieties susceptible to changed climatic conditions, land preparation, time and pattern of plantation, weed, disease and pest managements, nutrients managements, proper timing and adequate water management seems to be the affective measures for obtaining high production of crop with good quality juice in future.
57 citations
TL;DR: Madduppa et al. as discussed by the authors assessed biodiversity in coral reef and lagoon in Maratua Island, East Kalimantan, and compared the fish community indices (Shannon-Wiener diversity, Evenness, and Dominance) between the coral reefs and lagoons.
Abstract: Madduppa HH, Agus SB, Farhan AR, Suhendra D, Subhan B. 2012. Fish biodiversity in coral reefs and lagoon at the Maratua Island, East Kalimantan. Biodiversitas 13: 145-150. Fishes are one of the most important biotic components in the aquatic environment. They are filling different habitats, including coral reef and lagoon. This study aims to (i) assess biodiversity in coral reef and lagoon in Maratua Island, East Kalimantan, and (ii) compare the fish community indices (Shannon-Wiener diversity, Evenness, and Dominance) between the coral reef and lagoon. A total of 159 fish species of belonging to 30 families were observed during five visual census of the study period. The number of species on coral reefs is higher (121 species) than in the lagoons (47 species). Relative abundance (%) of each species also varied and did not form a specific pattern. However, a clear cluster between the coral reef and lagoon habitats fromfish relative abundance based on multivariate analysis and dendogram Bray-Curtis Similarity was revealed. The Evenness index value (E) ranged from 0.814 to 0.874, the dominance index (C) ranged from 0.023 to 0.184, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (ln base, H') ranged from 1.890 to 4.133. Fish biodiversity in coral reefs was higher (H'= 3.290±0.301) than in the lagoon (H' = 2.495±0.578).
21 citations
TL;DR: Lense et al. as discussed by the authors identified the main plant species which are used as traditional medicines by native people in Manokwari District, West Papua Province and also described the method of preparation and uses of some of the medicinal plants.
Abstract: Lense O.2012.The wild plants used as traditional medicines by indigenous people of Manokwari, West Papua.Biodiversitas13:98-106. The aims of the research were to identify the main plant species which are used as traditional medicines by native people in Manokwari District,WestPapua Province and also t o describe the method of preparation and uses of some of the medicinal plants .This research wasconductedin seven sub-regencies, ie. Manokwari, Ransiki, Kebar, Wasior, Mimyambouw, Merdey and Anggi -Sururey sub-District. Information recorded including methods of diagnosis and treatment of diseases ,tribal name of a plant they used for treating disease (s), part of the plant used ,preparation and mode of application ,andwhether the plant is used alone or in combination with other plants. Results indicate that the indigenous people in Manokwari Districthave been using at least 99 plant species (93 genera and 59 families) as sources of medicines. Most of these traditional medicinal plants are commonly gathered from the local tropical rainforest communities.At least40 kind of sickness and injuries such as malaria, fever, and wounds can be treated by using traditional medicinal plants from ManokwariDistrict.Reserach also found that all parts of plantsused, but leaf extracts are the most common part of the plant used for treating medical condition .
19 citations
TL;DR: The clustering analysis result of red fruit based on its physical characteristic and chemical composition showed that the related accession U Saem and Tawi Magari had the highest level of similarity in total carotenoids and total tocopherol.
Abstract: Murtiningrum, Sarungallo ZL, Mawikere NL. 2012. The exploration and diversity of red fruit ( Pandanus conoideusL.) from Papua based on its physical characteristics and chemical composition. Biodiversitas 13: 124 -129.Theaimofthis study was to determine the diversity of red fruit based on its physical characteristics and chemical composition. Exploratory survey method and laborato ry research (pure experiment) were used to assess the physical character and chemical compositio n of crude red fruit. Physical character of each accession showed a variation on fruit color (dark red and red); the fruit and single fruit ( drupa) length ranged from 21 -71 cm and 1.2-1.8 cm, respectively. The dried red fruit contains 2.03 -3.50% ash, 3.12-6.48% protein, 11.21 -30.72% fat, 43.86 -79.66% carbohydrate, 3.78 - 21.88 mg/100g vitamin C, 2.00 -3.14 mg/100g vitamin B1, 0.53 -1.11% Ca, 8.32-123.03 ppm Fe, and 0.01 -0,33% P, with total carotenoids and total tocopherol ranging from 332.65 -3309.42 ppm and 964.52-11917.81 ppm. The clustering analysis result of red fruit based on its physical characteristic and chemical composition showed that the related accessions was U Saem and Tawi Magari, having a 25% similarity. The accession U Saem and Tawi Magari had th e highest level of similarity in total carotenoids and total tocopherol. Furthermore, they also perform similar physical characteristics by having triangular cylinder shape, red flesh color, and fru it length category.
19 citations
TL;DR: Setiawan et al. as mentioned in this paper conducted a survey of Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in Central Java, Indonesia from July 2009 to November 2010 and detected a total of 144 individuals in 56 groups on a 212.7 km length trail.
Abstract: Setiawan A, Nugroho TS, Wibisono Y, Ikawati V, Sugardjito J. 2012. Population density and distribution of Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 13: 23-27. A survey of Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) was conducted from July 2009 to November 2010 in the Dieng Mountains and Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. The purpose of the survey is to assess current population status and its distribution, including factors threatening the species. We used line transect method to estimate gibbon densities. We detected a total of 144 individuals in 56 groups on a 212.7 km length trail. Average group size was calculated as 2.57 (ranging between 2 and 7) individuals. We compared the population density between Mount Slamet and Dieng Mountains. It was found that the density in Mount Slamet was lower than in the Dieng Mountains with 1.7 ind./km2 compare to 2.5-7.57 ind/km2 respectively. In total, there are about 1,034 individuals of gibbon in Central Java which is divided in two sub populations. The one in Mount Slamet is about 175 individuals whereas in the range of Dieng Mountains is 881 individuals. Establishing a protected area and enhancing conservation awareness are critically important for survival of this endangered ape. Conservation awareness should consider human needs of local people surrounding the forest habitat.
14 citations
TL;DR: A taxonomic study was conducted on the giant clam’s specimens deposited in Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Cibinong Indonesia, suggesting the need for collecting specimen of H. porcellanus Rosewater, 1982.
Abstract: A taxonomic study was conducted on the giant clam’s specimens deposited in Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), Cibinong Indonesia. Taxonomicoverviews of the examined specimens are given with diagnostic characters, remarks, habitat and distribution. Discussion is focused on specific characters distinguishing each species. From seven species known to distribute in Indonesian waters, there are six species, Tridacna squamosa Lamarck, 1819; T. gigas Linnaeus, 1758; T. derasa Roding, 1798; T. crocea Lamarck, 1819; T. maxima Roding,1798; and Hippopus hippopus Linnaeus, 1758. This study suggests the need for collecting specimen of H. porcellanus Rosewater, 1982. Important characters to distinguish species among Tridacninae are interlocking teeth on byssal orifice, life habits, presence of scales and inhalant siphon tentacles. BIODIVERSITAS, Volume 13, Number 3, 118-123, July 2012
13 citations
TL;DR: Sulasmi et al. as discussed by the authors conducted a study on the management and management of D. draco in Jebak Forest, Batanghari, Jambi Province, Indonesia.
Abstract: Sulasmi IS, Fatimah S, Nisyawati. 2012. Jernang rattan (Daemonorops draco) management by Anak Dalam Tribe in Jebak Batanghari, Jambi Province. Biodiversitas 13: 151-160. Management of Jernang Rattan (Daemonorops draco Willd.) in Jebak Forest, Batanghari, Jambi is not well documented. It is noted that fruit of D. draco is the best income source for Anak Dalam Jambi people since 1624. They harvest fruit of D. draco as much as they need. The Jebak forest is an open access, so all the people of Anak Dalam Jambi Tribe have the same right and responsibility on the forest. However, almost 60% of Jebak Forest area has been degraded because of illegal conversion into oil palm plantation. This is the reason why people of Suku Anak Dalam, try to cultivate D. draco by growing 40 clumpsof this species in their rubber plantation. The aim of their activity is to conserve D. draco at their forest. Based on the recent situation, research study of jernang rattan management in Jebak Forest was conducted. The research method was semi structural interview. All data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the management and cultivation of D. draco in Jebak Forest was very difficult because the availability of seeds was not sufficient for root stocks.
12 citations
TL;DR: Pourbabaei et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the effect of plantations on plant species diversity in Darabkola, Mazandaran province, north of Iran and found that there were 32 plant species in natural forest and 30 plant species were found in each plantation.
Abstract: Pourbabaei H, Asgari F, Reif A, Abedi R. 2012. Effect of plantations on plant species diversity in the Darabkola, Mazandaran Province, North of Iran. Biodiversitas 13: 72-78. In this study, the effect of plantations on plant species diversity was investigated in Darabkola, Mazandaran province, north of Iran. To conduct the study, a natural mixed forest, a broad–leaved plantation (Alnus subcordata-Acer velutinum) and a coniferous plantation (Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis-Pinus brutia) were selected. 35 sampling plots weretaken in systematic random method in each area. Data analysis was carried out using Simpson, Hill's N2, Shannon-Wiener and Mc Arthur's N1 diversity indices, Smith and Wilson evenness index and species richness. Results revealed that there were 32 plant species in natural forest and 30 plant species were found in each plantation. Rosaceae and Lamiaceae were the main families in the studied areas. Diversity and evenness indices of all vegetation layers had the most values in the natural forest. Richness of woody plants had the highest value in the natural forest, while herbaceous richness was the highest in coniferous plantation. Mc Arthur's N1 had the highest value among diversity indices and followed by Hill's N2, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices, respectively. In addition, results showed thatthere were significant differences among diversity, evenness and richness indices in all vegetation layers in the three studied areas.
12 citations
TL;DR: According to SSRs analysis, the most abundant observed motifs were identified for mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and pentanucleotide cpSSRs A/T, AT/TA, AAG/CTT, AAAG/AGTTT, and AATCC/ATTGG respectively.
Abstract: Filiz E, Koc E. 2012. In Silico chloroplast SSRs mining of Olea species. Biodiversitas 13: 114-117. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are highly informative and have been widely applied as molecular markers in genetic studies. The purpose of present study is to analyze the occurrence and distribution of chloroplast SSRs in genic and intergenic regions from Olea species viz., Olea europaea, Olea europaea subsp. cuspidate, Olea europaea subsp. europaea, Olea europaea subsp. maroccana, Olea woodiana subsp. woodiana by using bioinformatics tools. We identified 1149 chloroplast SSRs (cpSSRs) in all genome and a total of 340 (29.6%) was located in genic regions. It was observed that the most abundant repeat types were found mononucleotide SSR (66.7 %) followed by trinucleotide SSR (28.3 %), dinucleotide (2.7%), tetranucleotide (1.5%) and pentanucleotide (0.8%). cpSSRs located in genic regions were identified only mono- and trinucleotide motifs, the most abundant of which was trinucleotide (16.2%) followed by mononucleotide (14.3%). All types of repeat motif (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and pentanucleotide) were detected except hexanucleotide motifs. According to SSRs analysis, the most abundant observed motifs were identified for mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and pentanucleotide cpSSRs A/T, AT/TA, AAG/CTT, AAAG/AGTTT, and AATCC/ATTGG respectively. This study results provided scientific base for phylogenetics, evolutionary genetics and diversity studies on different Olea species in future.Key words: Olea, olive, chloroplast SSRs, SSR mining, in silico analysis
12 citations
TL;DR: All Rhizophora species found on the Tambelan Islands were found to have thorn on the leaf tip, and spotted brown on the underneath leaf, and all Rhizophrenora species were foundTo study diversity and distribution of mangroves on the small remote islands are rarely performed than on the coastal area and estuaries.
Abstract: Setyawan AD, Ulumuddin YI. 2012. Species diversity of Rhizophora in Tambelan Islands, Natuna Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 13:172177. Research on diversity and distribution of mangroves on the small remote islands are rarely performed than on the coastal area and estuaries. Tambelan Islands is a cluster of small islands isolated in the Natuna Sea, Indonesia. On the island there are four species of Rhizophora, namely R. apiculata, R. stylosa, R. mucronata, and hybrid species R. x lamarckii. Rhizophora stylosa and R. apiculata are the most common species found. R. mucronata only found in certain places (i.e. Durian River), R. x lamarckii rare, usually grows in stands that also covered by the two parental, R. stylosa and R. apiculata. All Rhizophora species were found to have thorn on the leaf tip, and spotted brown on the underneath leaf. R. apiculata has a petal without woolly feathers, inflorescence have short stalks and cork. R. stylosa and R. mucronata are sibling species, both of them have a long-stalks and dichotomy inflorescence, but the style of R. mucronata very short ( 2.5 mm). R. x lamarckii has characters between R. apiculata and R. stylosa.
9 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the recovery of vegetation stands structure and aboveground biomass in four age classes of secondary forest in Karo People in Leuser Ecosystem, North Sumatra found that tree stands dominated in 30-years and primary forest and shared basal area of 96.36% and 97.03%, respectively.
Abstract: Aththorick TA, Setiadi D, Purwanto Y, Guhardja E. 2012. Vegetation stands structure and aboveground biomass after the shifting cultivation practices of Karo People in Leuser Ecosystem, North Sumatra. Biodiversitas 13: 92-97. Vegetation stands structure and aboveground biomass after the shifting cultivation practices of Karo People in Leuser Ecosystem, North Sumatra. Shifting cultivation has been practiced by Karo People in Leuser Ecosystem for a very long time and caused a mosaic of patches that shift over time between traditional agriculture and secondary forest. The objectives of this study were to investigate the recovery of vegetation stands structure and aboveground biomass in four age classes of secondary forest, i.e. 5-years old, 10-years old, 20-years old, 30-years old andprimary forest as a control. In total, 496 subplots were surveyed. Saplings contributed 62.82% of basal area in 5-years forest and still important in 10 and 20-years forest, but density decreased in 30-years and primer forest whereas tree stands dominated in 30-years and primary forest and shared basal area of 96.36% and 97.03%, respectively. Aboveground biomass of trees achieved its highest values in primary forest, i.e. 659.22 t/ha and contributed to total aboveground biomass of 99.38%.
TL;DR: Screening of the anti-microorganism activity of the endophytic fungi revealed that Fusarium nivale inhibited C albicans and C. tropicalis, and all specimens did not inhibit B. subtilis, E. coli, and S. aureus.
Abstract: Mangunwardoyo W, Suciatmih, Gandjar I. 2012. Frequency of endophytic fungi isolated from Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. (Pigeon orchid) and antimicrobial activity. Biodiversitas 13: 34-39. Endophytic microorganisms were found in orchid such as Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. (pigeon orchid), an orchid that sometimes used in traditional medicine. The fungi were isolated from roots, bulbouses, stems, and leaves of D. crumenatum collected from Tanah Baru Housing area, Botanical Garden Bogor, and Herbarium Bogoriense, respectively. Twelve species were identified from 60 samples obtained. Guignardia endophyllicola Okane, Nakagiri, and Ito (anamorph:Phyllosticta capitalensis P. Herm.) were the dominant endophytic mould. Screening of the anti-microorganism activity of the samples revealed that Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Ces. inhibited Candida albicans ATCC 2091 and Candida tropicalis LIPIMC 203. All specimens did not inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25022, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25023.
TL;DR: The season influenced the survivorship of P. demoleus, which had the highest survival in the wet primary season (PWS), while the lowest survival was observed in the dry season (DS).
Abstract: Suwarno. 2012. Age-specific life table of swallowtail butterfly Papilio demoleus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in dry and wet seasons. Biodiversitas 13: 28-33. Age-specific life table of Papilio demoleus L. in dry and wet seasons was investigated in the Tasek Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Development of P. demoleus was observed from January to March 2006 (dry season, DS), April to July 2006 (secondary wet season, SWS), and October to December 2006 (primary wet season, PWS). Survivorship of P. demoleus in the DS was lower than in the SWS and in the PWS. The mortality (qx) of the fifth instar larvae P. demoleus in all seasons was higher than in other stages. Predators, parasitoids, and rainfall were the most important factors of mortality in immature stages of P. demoleus. Predators caused the highest mortality in all stages of P. demoleus, except the pupal stage. Predation in the DS (94.39%) was higher than in the SWS (90.88%) and PWS (84.04%) but no significantly different among the seasons. Meanwhile there was significantly different of mortality caused by parasitoids and the rain among the seasons. Spiders were the important mortality agent in the eggs and young larvae, meanwhile in the older larvae were S. dichotomus and Podisus sp. Ooencyrtus papilioni and Pteromalus puparum were theimportant parasitoids for the eggs and pupae of P. demoleus, respectively. In summary, the season influenced the survivorship of P. demoleus in citrus plantation. P. demoleus had the highest survival in the wet primary season (PWS), while the lowest survival was observed in the dry season (DS).
TL;DR: The data indicated that the Genus of Nemipterus and Lutjanus possess the highest total mortality rate that was respectively 1.62 and 2.55%, and the highest recruitment presentation of the population which has an annual period as Pentapodus was 16%.
Abstract: Sulasmi IS, Nisyawati, Purwanto Y, Fatimah S. 2012. The population of Jernang rattan (Daemonorops draco)  in Jebak Village, Batanghari District, Jambi Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 13: 205-213. Research of Rattan Jernang ((Daemonorops draco Willd.) population in Jebak Village, Batanghari District, Jambi had never been done before. Daemonorops draco is a plant that produces sap called dragon blood. Dragon blood is very useful for the the lives of people of Anak Dalam Tribe in Jambi. This research used purposive random sampling method. All of data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that beside D. draco, there were other six species of rattan in Jebak forest. The population of D. draco in Jebak forest was only 8 clumps, consisting of 82 individuals. D. draco had the smallest population among all rattan species. Calamus javensis had the highest population, namely 11 clumps, consisting of 197 individuals. The research location had air temperature of 20.2 oC-28.9 oC, relative humidity of 58%-68%, and pH of 4.60-4.81. In this location, there were 35 tree species (73 individuals)  as supporting trees for D. draco to climb. The number of D. draco’s supporting trees and D. draco was not balanced, causing the death of D. draco in Jebak forest. Vegetation analyses showed that there were 51 tree species with diameter > 10 cm, consisting of 69 individuals. Pithecolobium saman had the highest importance value index (11) among all trees. There were also 33 tree species with diameter < 10 cm, consisting of 60 individuals. Pithecolobium saman also had the highest importance value index (20) in this group. Based on the interview, it is showed that the population of D. draco in Jebak forest declined because of illegal logging and forest encroachment.
TL;DR: Pourbabaei et al. as mentioned in this paper studied the relationship between vegetation and topography factors and found that there were significant differences between groups in terms of biodiversity indices and topographic factors.
Abstract: Pourbabaei H, Haghgooy T. 2012. Plant species diversity in the ecological species groups in the Kandelat Forest Park, Guilan, North of Iran. Biodiversitas 13: 7-12. Forest vegetation indicates conditions and productivity potential of forest habitat, because it reflects the interaction of climate, soil and topography. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between vegetation and topography factors. In order to do this research, type, number and percentage cover of trees, shrubs (sample plot with 1000 m area) and type and percentage cover of herbaceous species (sample plot with 64 m area) investigated and recorded. The coverage percent of species were estimated on the basis of Domin scale. Vegetation classified using Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN). The results revealed that there were 6 ecosystem units (ecological groups) in the region. The comparison of diversity indices and topographic factors between groups were performed with ANOVA test. Results also indicated that there were significant differences between groups in terms of biodiversity indices and topographic factors. The formation of a particular group is affected by a combination of environment variables. The aspect was the most important variable of topographic factors in this study.
TL;DR: Reyahi-Khoram et al. as mentioned in this paper studied the characteristics, capabilities and limiting factors of Ag-gol Wetland in Hamadan Province, Iran and found that 46 species of waterfowl birds and wader birds of Iran have been identified at this wetland.
Abstract: Reyahi-Khoram M, Norisharikabad V, Vafaei H. 2012. Study of biodiversity and limiting factors of Ag-gol Wetland in HamadanProvince, Iran. Biodiversitas 13: 135-139. Ag-gol Wetland isone of the important and seasonal wetlands of Iran. This wetland islocated on southeast of Hamadan Province and was declared as a prohibited hunting area by Department of Environment (DoE) of Iran. Identifying the characteristics, capabilities and limiting factors of Ag-gol Wetland is the most important objective of this study. The present study was conducted during 2007 through 2010. Documentary and observation methods have been used to access to information. For general identification of the area, digital maps and Geographic Information System (GIS) were used. Identifying capabilities and limitation factors of the studied area was made through extensive field inspections and direct field observations. Bird species of the region were identified and statistics of the population of bird species were gathered. In this research, valid academic resources were used. According to field inspections and studies, 46 species of waterfowl birds and wader birds of Iran have been identified at this wetland. The results of this research showed that Ag-gol Wetland has a high potential regarding the variety of waterfowl and wader birds. Continuous study in order to determine the depth of wetland water in different time intervals to estimate the volume of wetland water during different seasons of the year is recommended.Key words: biodiversity, environment, prohibited hunting area, seasonal wetland
TL;DR: Putranto et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the effects of KLE supplementation on female burgo chicken's serum estradiol-17I² (E2) hormone concentration profile and number of follicles.
Abstract: Putranto HD, Setianto J, Santoso U, Warnoto, Nurmeliasari, Zueni A. 2012. Estradiol-17I² hormone concentration andfollicles number in exotic Burgo chicken supplemented by Sauropus androgynus leaves extract. Biodiversitas 13: 1-6. Bengkulu Province of Indonesia has an indigenous crossbreed chicken named burgo or Rejang chicken. A conservation effort in this study was represented by supplementing 4 different levels of Sauropus androgynus or katuk leaves extract (KLE) to improve number of fertile eggs. The purpose of study was to identify the effects of KLE supplementation on female burgo chicken’s serum estradiol-17I² (E2) hormone concentration profile and number of follicles. KLE was added into drinking water (0, 9, 18 and 27 g/chicken/day) during 8 weeks of treatment. The results showed that supplementation of KLE dosed 9 to 27 g/chickens/day had significantly affected E2concentrations and number of follicles (P < 0.05). In contrast, the average of female burgo E2 concentration with supplemented KLE was higher than control group. The total number of small follicle yield was highest (86.5%) compared to medium follicle (7.8%) and large follicle (5.3%). Many primary follicles (primordial) and post ovulatory follicles were probably in micro size and unseen by an usual visual counting. It seems that serum E2 hormone concentration correlated to total number of preheararchal follicles. Supplemented KLE was able to improve the serum estrogen steroid hormone concentration and number of preheararchal follicle (small and medium follicles) in female burgo chicken.
TL;DR: In this article, the diversity of soil macrofauna on different patterns of sloping land agroforestry in Wonogiri District, Central Java, and to find out the relationship between environmental factors and the level of soil microfauna diversity.
Abstract: Peritika MZ, Sugiyarto, Sunarto. 2012. Diversity of soil macrofauna on different pattern of sloping land agroforestry in Wonogiri,
Central Java. Biodiversitas 13: 140-144. The purposes of this study were to determine the diversity level of soil macrofauna on different
patterns of sloping land agroforestry, in Wonogiri District, Central Java, and to find out the relationship between environmental factors
and the level of soil macrofauna diversity. The study was conducted by sampling at three different patterns of agroforestry, namely:
pattern of mixed agroforestry (PAC), pattern of teak agroforestry (PAJ), and the pattern of sengon agroforestry (PAS). The field
sampling used two methods, namely pit fall traps to obtain above ground macrofauna, and hand sorting methods to obtain underground
macrofauna, on land slope of 39%, 35%, and 27%. The data were collected to determine the diversity index of soil macrofauna; and the
environmental factors were also measured. The relationship between environmental factors and the diversity index of soil macrofauna
was presented in Pearson's correlation analysis. The results showed that the pattern of sloping land agroforestry in Wonogiri District,
Central Java had different diversity index of soil macrofauna. The average diversity index of surface macrofauna was the PAC (0.710),
PAS (0661), and PAJ (0.417). The average diversity index of underground macrofauna was the PAC (0.887), PAS (0.860), and PAJ
(0.843). The diversity index of soil macrofauna in various patterns of sloping land agroforestry showed that there was a correlation with
environmental factors
TL;DR: Budiman et al. as discussed by the authors determined the multiple regression models of vegetative and corm growth of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume in some age variations and habitat conditions of agroforestry in East Java.
Abstract: Budiman, Arisoesilaningsih E. 2012. Predictive model of Amorphophallus muelleri growth in some agroforestry in East Java by multiple regression analysis. Biodiversitas 13: 00-00. This research aimed to determine the multiple regression models of vegetative and corm growth of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume in some age variations and habitat conditions of agroforestry in East Java. Descriptive exploratory research method was conducted by systematic random sampling at five agroforestries on four plantations in East Java: Saradan, Bojonegoro, Nganjuk and Blitar. In each agroforestry, we observed A. muelleri vegetative and corm growth on four growing age (1, 2, 3 and 4 years old) as well as environmental variables such as altitude, vegetation, climate and soil conditions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to compare A. muelleri habitat in five agroforestries. Meanwhile, the influence and contribution of each environmental variable to the growth of A. muelleri vegetative and corm were determined using multiple regression analysis of SPSS 17.0. The multiple regression models of A. muelleri vegetative and corm growth were generated based on some characteristics of agroforestries and age showed high validity with R2 = 88-99%. Regression model showed that age, monthly temperatures, percentage of radiation and soil calcium (Ca) content either simultaneously or partially determined the growth of A. muelleri vegetative and corm. Based on these models, the A. muelleri corm reached the optimal growth after four years of cultivation and they will be ready to be harvested. Additionally, the soil Ca content should reach 25.3 me.hg-1 as Sugihwaras agroforestry, with the maximal radiation of 60%.
TL;DR: The results showed varied harvesting quotas for different age classes of long-tailed macaque with an average number of 5 for infant males, 3 for infant females, 5 for juvenile males, 4 for juvenile females, 6 for sub-adult males, 8 forSub-adult females and 2 for adult males.
Abstract: Santosa Y, Kusmardiastuti, Kartono AP, Rahman DA. 2012. Determination of long-tailed macaque’s (Macaca fascicularis) harvesting quotas based on demographic parameters. Biodiversitas 13: 79-85. Harvesting quota of long-tailed macaques for breeding purpose should be set up based on demographic parameters. The objectives of this research were to determine demographic parameters affecting the set up of harvesting quota and the sustainable harvesting quotas of long-tailed macaque in Indonesia. This study was expected to provide useful information for consideration of setting up harvesting quotas for long-tailed macaque in Indonesia. This study was conducted in November 2009-Januari 2010 using the equation of Q = Nt-MVP. The results showed varied harvesting quotas for different age classes of long-tailed macaque with an average number of 5 for infant males, 3 for infant females, 5 for juvenile males, 4 for juvenile females, 6 for sub-adult males, 8 for sub-adult females and 2 for adult males. The dominant variable determining quota wassurvival rate.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the mechanism of biodiversity recruitment, especially on structural attributes of an undisturbed forest community and rehabilitated forests of different ages on sites disturbed by coal-mining operations at Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra.
Abstract: Returning biodiversity of rehabilitated forest on a coal mined site at Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra.Biodiversitas 13:13-17.Restoring disturbed mined land is challenging since the outcomes of various rehabilitation procedures on mined sites in terms of vegetation structure, composition and ecological function are not presently understood, especially in the developing countries. This study examined the mechanism of biodiversity recruitment, especially on structural attributes of an undisturbed forest community and rehabilitated forests of different ages on sites disturbed by coal-mining operations at Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra. Un-mined forest was characterised by complex structural features including a dense stand of trees in a range of size classes, an almost closed canopy, and a shrubby understorey. In contrast, young mined sites were characterised by a low density of woody stems, a relatively open canopy and herbaceous ground cover. Soil characteristics of rehabilitated site were progressing towards the reference site. The marked differences in structural complexity between unmined and mined sites suggest that it willwill take very long time for the mined sites to recover into their original conditions. So, more restoration intervention will be needed to speed the recovery processes.
TL;DR: The Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary that extends over an area of 114 km 2 lies in the Pir Panjal range at a distance of 70 km in south-west of summer capital Srinagar and is rich in biodiversity including macrofungal diversity, which is reported first time from the Kashmir.
Abstract: Pala SA, Wani AH, Mir RA. 2012. Diversity of macrofungal genus Russula and Amanita in Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Kashmir Himalayas. Biodiversitas 13: 65-71. The Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary that extends over an area of 114 km 2 lies in the Pir Panjal range at a distance of 70 km in south-west of summer capital Srinagar. It is rich in biodiversity including macrofungal diversity. The Sanctuary has been subjected to high ecological and anthropogenic disturbance due to the construction of Mughal road which is major threat for its biodiversity. Since there is hardly any report of documentation of macrofungi from this sanctuary. In this back drop a survey was carried out during the year 2010 and 2011 to explore and invetorise macrofungal diversity of the sanctuary. During the survey a no of macrofungi were documented, among which Amanita and Russula were dominant genus represented by 7 species each. All the 14 species viz. Amanita ceciliae (Berk. & Broome) Bas. Amanita flavoconia G.F. Atk., Amanita muscaria var. formosa Pers., Amanita pantherina (Fr.) Krombh., Amanita phalloides (Fr.) Link., Amanita vaginata (Bull. ex Fr.) Vitt., Amanita virosa (Fr.) Bertillon, Russula aeruginea Fr., Russula atropurpurea (Krombh.) Britz., Russula aurea Pers., Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr., Russula delica Fr. Russula emetica (Schaeff. ex Fr.) Gray. and Russula nobilis Velen. are ectomycorrhizal in nature and among them Russula aeruginea Fr. is reported first time from the Kashmir.
TL;DR: Pitopang et al. as discussed by the authors presented the structure and composition of vegetation in four (4) different land use types namely undisturbed primary forest, lightly disturbed primary forests, selectively logged forest, and cacao forest garden in tropical rainforest margin of the Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi Indonesia.
Abstract: Pitopang R. 2012. Impact of forest disturbance on the structure and composition of vegetation in tropical rainforest of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 13: 178-189. We presented the structure and composition of vegetation in four (4) different land use types namely undisturbed primary forest, lightly disturbed primary forest, selectively logged forest, and cacao forest garden in tropical rainforest margin of the Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi Indonesia. Individually all big trees (dbh > 10 cm) was numbered with tree tags and their position in the plot mapped, crown diameter and dbh measured, whereas trunk as well as total height measured by Vertex. Additionally, overstorey plants (dbh 2- 9.9 cm) were also surveyed in all land use types. Identification of vouchers and additional herbarium specimens was done in the field as well as at Herbarium Celebense (CEB), Tadulako University, and Nationaal Herbarium of Netherland (L) Leiden branch, the Netherland. The result showed that the structure and composition of vegetation in studied are was different. Tree species richness was decreased from primary undisturbed forest to cacao plantation, whereas tree diversity and its composition were significantly different among four (4) land use types. Palaquium obovatum, Chionanthus laxiflorus, Castanopsis acuminatissima, Lithocarpus celebicus, Canarium hirsutum, Euonymus acuminifolius and Sarcosperma paniculatum being predominant in land use type A, B and C and Coffea robusta, Theobroma cacao, Erythrina subumbrans, Gliricidia sepium, Arenga pinnata, and Syzygium aromaticum in the cacao plantation. At the family level, undisturbed natural forest was dominated by Fagaceae and Sapotaceae disturbed forest by Moraceae, Sapotaceae, Rubiaceae, and agroforestry systems by Sterculiaceae and Fabaceae.
TL;DR: The conservation of mitochondrial genome sequence in Leucadendron(Proteaceae) is conserved but the total number of mitochondria in the genome is still poorly conserved.
Abstract: Pharmawati M, Yan G, Finnegan PM.2012.The conservation of mitochondrial genome sequence in Leucadendron(Proteaceae).
TL;DR: Reyahi-Khoram et al. as discussed by the authors identified 44 valuable plant species, 45 species of birds as well as 7 species of mammals in BMA and recommended that the area be declared an A prohibited hunting area by Department of Environment (DoE) of Iran for the conservation of flora and fauna in the study area.
Abstract: Reyahi-Khoram M, Jafary M, Bayati M, Reyahi-Khoram R. 2012. Plants and animals diversity in Buqaty Mountain Area (BMA) in Hamadan Province, Iran. Biodiversitas 14: 190-194. Buqaty Mountain Area (BMA) is regarded as one of the genetic reserves of Hamadan province in Iran. BMA is highly important regarding variety of plant and animal species, but limited research work has been performed in this area in the field of biodiversity. Identifying the unique ecologic talents and capabilities and aesthetics of BMA is the most important objective of this study. This research was conducted during 2010 through 2011 in BMA to identify various plant and animal species through documentary and also direct field observations. With direct referring to the various regions of the studied area, plant samples were collected from different slope position and transported to field laboratory units. Sampling was made for every 20 meters increase in the height of area. Animal species of the area were identified too. Based on the results, about 44 valuable plant species, 45 species of birds as well as 7 species of mammals have been identified in BMA. It is recommended that the area be declared an A prohibited hunting area by Department of Environment (DoE) of Iran for the conservation of flora and fauna in the study area.
TL;DR: Adiwibowo et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the utilization of rattan jernang (Daemonorops draco Wild) related to the forest tree biodiversity by Anak Dalam tribe in several villages in Jambi, Sumatra.
Abstract: Adiwibowo A, Sulasmi IS, Nisyawati. 2012. Relationships of forest biodiversity and Rattan Jernang (Daemonorops draco) sustainable harvesting by Anak Dalam tribe in Jambi, Sumatra. Biodiversitas 13: 46-51. Conservation of tropical trees can be achieved if supported by the sustainable use of forest by community live nearby through harvesting of non timber woods, for instance rattan. Furthermore, rattan jernang individuals and trees have significant associations. Therefore, objective of this paper is to investigate the utilization of rattan jernang (Daemonorops draco Wild) related to the forest tree biodiversity by Anak Dalam tribe in several villages in Jambi, Sumatra. The study has identified that populations of Daemonorops draco were varied among villages, ranged from 40 to 71 clumps inthe forests and up to 500 clumps in plantations. Moreover, 73 individual trees consisted of 32 species were identified as rattan host and conserved by the community. Dialium platyespalyum. Quercus elmeri, and Adinandra dumosa were rattan host trees with the highest populations. Meanwhile, a biodiversity of non-host trees consisted of 30 individual trees from 16 species. Interviews revealed that traditional harvesters have acknowledged that trees have significant important ecological roles for the rattan livelihood and therefore it is very important to conserve the forests for the sustainability of harvest in the future. Furthermore, to secure the availability of rattan, thetraditional harvesters had started rattan plantation.
TL;DR: Clustering of genotypes within groups was not similar when RAPD and ISSR derived dendrogram were compared, whereas the pattern of clustering of the genotypes remai ned more or less the same in ISSR and combined data of RAPD.
Abstract: Kumar A, Verma N. 2012.A comparative phylogenetic analysis of medicinal plant Tribulus terrestris inNorthwestIndia revealed by RAPD and ISSR markers.Biodiversitas 13: 107-113.Several DNA marker systems and associated techniques are available today for fingerprinting of plant varieties. A total of 5 RAPD and 8 ISSR primers were used. Amplification of genomic DNA of the 6 geno types, using RAPD analysis, yielded 164 fragmthat could be scored, of which 47 were polymorphic, with an average of 9.4 polymorphic fragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments with random primers ranged from 6 (AKR -1) to 10 (AKR-4) and varied in size from 200 bp to 2,500 bp. Percentage polymorphism ranged from 16% (AKR-4) to a maximum of 41% (AKR-4), with an average of 29.6%. The 8 ISSR primers used in the study produced 327 bands across 6 genotypes, of which 114 were polymorphic. The number of amplified bands varied from 7 (ISSR 7) to 1 2 (ISSR 1&3), with a size range of 250 -2,800 bp. The average numbers of bands per primer and polymorphic bands per primer were 40.87 and 14.25, respectively. Percentage polymorphism ranged from 24% (ISSR 4) to 53.8 4% (ISSR 2), with an average percentage polymorphism of 35.59% across all the genotypes. The 3 2-anchored primers based on poly (AC) and poly (AT) motifs produced high average polymorphisms of 53.84% and 40.81%, respectively. ISSR markers were more efficient than the RAPD assay, as they detected 35.59% polymorphic DNA markers inTribulus terrestris as compared to 29.6% for RAPD markers.Clustering of genotypes within groups was not similar when RAPD and ISSR derived dendrogram were compared, whereas the pattern of clustering of the genotypes remai ned more or less the same in ISSR and combined data of RAPD and ISSR
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