Showing papers in "Biodiversitas in 2019"
TL;DR: The presence of microplastics in the digestive tract of commercial fishes off Pantai Indah Kapuk coast, Jakarta, Indonesia was revealed and microplastic particles ingested per individual in each species were not correlated to total body length, total body weight, digestive tract length, digestive content weight, mouth height, and mouth length.
Abstract: . Hastuti AR, Lumbanbatu DTF, Wardiatno Y. 2019. The presence of microplastics in the digestive tract of commercial fishes off Pantai Indah Kapuk coast, Jakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1233-1242. Microplastics in fishes have been reported in many studies due to their threat to marine fishes and human health. But only a few data exist on commercial fish for human consumption in Indonesia. This study revealed the presence of microplastics in the digestive tract of 9 commercial species collected from six sites along the Pantai Indah Kapuk coast. Ingested microplastics were identified using gut content analysis. Microplastic particles were counted and categorized by type, color, and size. 169 of 174 (97.13%) of examined fish had microplastics. A total of 2063 microplastic particles were collected with the average number of particles per individual of 12.21 ± 9.76. The highest number (20.0 ± 8.0 particles individual-1) was found in Sardinella fimbriata and the lowest one (4.9 ± 4.7 particles individual-1) was found in Oreochromis mossambicus. Majority of ingested particles were fibers (89.63%), followed by fragments (6.24%), films (4.13%) and no pellets were observed. In terms of color, the most abundant were transparent particles (79.20%), followed by blue (7.03%), red (3.54%), black (2.86%), green (2.71%), and others which were found in low number. The highest number of fibers by size was <20-100 µm (55.03%), films were 100 - 1000 µm (33.93%), and fragments were <100 µm (25.25%). Microplastics ingested per individual in each species were not correlated to total body length, total body weight, digestive tract length, digestive content weight, mouth height, and mouth length.
54 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Supiandi et al. identified 25 species of traditional medicinal plants used by Dayak Desa community in Sintang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Abstract: . Supiandi MI, Mahanal S, Zubaidah S, Julung H, Ege B. 2019. Ethnobotany of traditional medicinal plants used by Dayak Desa Community in Sintang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1264-1270. Dayak Desa community has a long history of using medicinal plants as one of the methods to overcome health problems. Along with the advancement of science, the influx of foreign cultures and environmental degradation, traditional knowledge about medicinal plants and their utilization are only owned by the old generation. This study, therefore, aimed to identify medicinal plants used by Dayak Desa community who lives in Pakak Village. To collect information from the community, a survey was conducted in June 2017. Snowball sampling method was utilized to select 6 informants from whom information related to the plants’ local names, the used parts of the plants, and the ways of managing and using the plants for curing illnesses was obtained through structured interviews. Data analysis was qualitative and quantitative. The results show that 25 species of medicinal plants from 9 families. The most widely used part of the plants is the leaves. The people in the community boil the leaves and drink the extract. Based on the results of the ICS analysis, the plant's value ranged from 1 to 24. The highest value was observed in keladi (Colocasia esculenta L.) and the lowest value was found in kayu kenanga (Canangium odoratum Baill).
35 citations
TL;DR: The methanol extract of C. fruticosa leaves showed strong antibacterial activity equivalent to the endophytic fungus (DB1), and molecular identification and analysis through the phylogenetic tree showed that the DB1 fungus has a high level of similarity to Neurospora tetrasperma strain APBSDSF108.
Abstract: . Elfita, Mardiyanto, Fitrya, Larasati JE, Julinar, Widjajanti H, Muharni. 2019. Antibacterial activity of Cordyline fruticosa leaf extracts and its endophytic fungi extracts. Biodiversitas 20: 3804-3812. Endophytic fungi live by forming colonies in plant tissues without harming the host plant. Cordyline fruticose has been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections; therefore, its endophytic fungi are expected to have similar activity. In this study, C. fruticosa leaves were extracted with gradient solvents and evaluated for their antibacterial activity using the Kirby–Bauer method against Gram-negative (Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. The extracts of endophytic fungi from C. fruticosa leaves were evaluated for their antibacterial activity, as well. The endophytic fungus with good antibacterial activity was identified by molecular and phylogenetic methods. Chemical compounds from endophytic fungus DB1 were isolated by chromatography and subsequently determined by spectroscopy. The methanol extract of C. fruticosa leaves showed strong antibacterial activity equivalent to the endophytic fungus (DB1). Molecular identification and analysis through the phylogenetic tree showed that the DB1 fungus has a high level of similarity to Neurospora tetrasperma strain APBSDSF108. The antibacterial compounds (compound 1 and 2) isolated from the endophytic fungus DB1 were identified as 4-hydroxy-5-phenylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl acetate and ergosterol, respectively.
22 citations
TL;DR: The phylogenetic tree and structure analysis reveal the high genetic variability among the evaluated oil palm groups which would be beneficial for future breeding program at Mekarsari Research Station.
Abstract: . Natawijaya A, Ardie SW, Syukur M, Maskromo I, Hartana A, Sudarsono S. 2019. Genetic structure and diversity between and within African and American oil palm species based on microsatellite markers. Biodiversitas 20: 1233-1240. The genus Elaeis consists of only two species, Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (the African oil palm species) and E. oleifera (HBK) Cortes (the American oil palm species). E. guineensis (E.g) is widely cultivated in southeast Asia and Africa, whereas E. oleifera (E.o) is naturally existed and cultivated in Central and South America. The objectives of this research were to analyze genetic diversity of eight groups of E.g and two groups of E.o using co-dominant genetic markers (SSRs) and evaluate their genetic structures. A total of 27 SSR loci was used to genotype a total of 128 accessions of African oil palm species (E.g) belonging to three different types (Dura, Pisifera and Tenera) and eight genetic backgrounds (Dumpy Dura and Deli Dura; Avros, Dumpy Avros, Binga, and Angola Pisifera; and Angola and Dumpy Avros Tenera) and 64 accessions of E.o collected from two different regions (Tefe and Manaus). The genotype data were used to calculate the population genetic diversity and structures for each oil palm species using the appropriate software. Results of the analysis indicated although they belonged to two different species, E.g and E.o shared many of the same SSR alleles in their genome and only contain few species-specific SSR alleles. Most of the evaluated genetic parameters were similar between E.g and E.o oil palm species but E.o has higher average number of effective allele than that of E.g. The calculated genetic variance is mostly belonged to the within-species variance source while the between species is relatively small. The phylogenetic tree and structure analysis reveal the high genetic variability among the evaluated oil palm groups which would be beneficial for future breeding program at Mekarsari Research Station. The tested E.o specific alleles were effective for identifying introgression lines between Eo × E.g // E.g carrying the E.o chromosome fragments. Therefore, these E.o specific alleles could be used in oil palm backcrossing program to monitor the introgression process.
21 citations
TL;DR: Karenina et al. as discussed by the authors compared the abundance and species diversity of arthropods inhabiting rice surrounded by refugia and vegetables and by those being applied with synthetic insecticide in the rice field of freshwater swamps.
Abstract: . Karenina T, Herlinda S, Irsan C, Pujiastuti Y. 2019. Abundance and species diversity of predatory arthropods inhabiting rice of refuge habitats and synthetic insecticide application in freshwater swamps in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2375-2387. Rice cultivation in freshwater swamps in Indonesia is specific, among other things, there is no synthetic pesticide spraying and vegetable growing on rice field embankments. This specific cultivation technique can affect the abundance and diversity of rice-dwelling arthropods species. The study aimed to compare the abundance and species diversity of predatory arthropods inhabiting rice surrounded both by refugia and vegetables and by those being applied with synthetic insecticide in the rice field of freshwater swamps. This study used rice plots surrounded by refugia flower (Zinnia sp., Tagetes erecta, Cosmo caudatus, and Sesamum indicum); vegetables (Cucumis sativus, Vigna sinensis, Luffa acutangula, and Momordica charantia); untreated; and synthetic insecticide. Twenty-five herbivore species of 12 families, 34 spider species of 8 families, and 24 species of predatory insects of 12 families were found on rice during a planting season. The lowest herbivore population and spider abundance were found on synthetic insecticide sprayed rice and they were significantly different from those of refugia-rice plots. The most abundant spiders and predatory insects were found on rice surrounded by refugia and were not significantly different from those of rice surrounded by vegetables. The highest species diversity for spiders and predatory insects was found on rice surrounded by refugia, whereas the lowest species diversity was found on synthetic pesticide sprayed rice. Therefore, rice surrounded by refugia flowers and vegetables was the most appropriate for habitat and niche of predatory arthropods.
18 citations
TL;DR: Yuliana et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the flora diversity and characteristics of mangrove vegetation in Pulau Rimau Protection Forest, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia.
Abstract: . Yuliana E, Hewindati YT, Winata A, Djatmiko WA, Rahadiati A. 2019. Diversity and characteristics of mangrove vegetation in Pulau Rimau Protection Forest, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1215-1221. The purpose of the study was to analyze the flora diversity and characteristics of mangrove vegetation in Pulau Rimau Protection Forest, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra. Data collected were the number and girth diameter of mangrove tree species, and aquatic ecology parameters using transect method. The sample plots size were 2m×2 m; 5m×5 m; 10m×10 m; for seedling, sapling, and tree, respectively. The observation plots were arranged in a row of 120 m length on two sides of the forest edge, namely Calik Riverbank and Banyuasin Riverbank. Data were analyzed using importance value index (IVI), Simpson’s diversity index and Sorensen’s community similarity. The study revealed that there were differences in mangrove characteristics in two study sites. There were 57 plant species identified inside and outside sample plots, but only 15 species (26.32%) among them were categorized as true mangrove species. Inside the sample plots, there were 11 and 10 mangrove tree species recorded on the Calik Riverbank and Banyuasin Riverbank, respectively, but only 7 species among them were found in both sites. The mangroves on Calik Riverbank were dominated by Nypa (IVI 53.59%) and Bruguiera (51.12%), while those on Banyuasin Riverbank were dominated by Sonneratia (66.91%) and Avicennia (51.73%). The Simpson’s diversity index for Calik Riverbank and Banyuasin Riverbank was 0.82 and 0.78, respectively, whereas the Sorensen’s coefficient of community between the two sites was 0.67.
18 citations
TL;DR: Results of molecular identification with 16S rRNA showed that lactic acid bacteria isolated from bekasam isolate have similarity with Pediococcus acidilactici strain PB22 that has antimicrobial potential against pathogenic bacteria and potential as bio preservatives.
Abstract: . Melia S, Purwati E, Kurnia Y. F, Pratama D. R. 2019. Antimicrobial potential of Pediococcus acidilactici from Bekasam, fermentation of sepat rawa fish (Tricopodus trichopterus) from Banyuasin, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3532-3538. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from bekasam. Bekasam is a result of sepat rawa fermentation from Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The results showed that the morphological and biochemical properties of lactic acid bacteria were Gram-positive and cocci, negative catalase and included in homofermentative groups. The biggest antimicrobial activity was shown by bekasam isolate to Escherichia coli O157: H7 (21.26 mm), followed by Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (18.23 mm) and Listeria monocytogenes CFSAN004330 (5.10 mm), while diameter barriers for crude bacteriocin supernatant isolates lactic acid bacteria to Escherichia coli O157: H7, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 were 14.99 mm, 17.69 mm, and Listeria monocytogenes CFSAN004330 had no antimicrobial activity at neutral pH. The results of molecular identification with 16S rRNA showed that lactic acid bacteria isolated from bekasam isolate have similarity with Pediococcus acidilactici strain PB22 that has antimicrobial potential against pathogenic bacteria and potential as bio preservatives.
17 citations
TL;DR: Curcuma longa was found to have the highest relative frequency of citation and use value, and members of the genus Curcuma were found to be extensively used to treat a wide variety of ailments in Indonesia.
Abstract: . Subositi D, Wahyono S. 2019. Study of the genus Curcuma in Indonesia used as traditional herbal medicines. Biodiversitas 20: 1356-1361. Research into local knowledge is very important in providing a database of medicinal plants and as a basis for further research. The genus Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) has been used as medicines and other purposes, so it has a high economic value. The aim of this study was to record the use of the species of the genus Curcuma as traditional herbal medicines in Indonesia. The study was a part of a project called RISTOJA (Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Herbal Medicines), which collected data from 415 ethnic groups in Indonesia from 2012 to 2017. A purposive sampling method was used to select 2,354 respondents (traditional healers) for interviews, 1,042 of whom used Curcuma as herbal medicines. It was found that eight species of the genus were used to treat 73 different ailments. Curcuma longa was found to have the highest relative frequency of citation (0.274) and use value (0.563), and members of the genus Curcuma were found to be extensively used to treat a wide variety of ailments in Indonesia.
17 citations
TL;DR: From the present study, it is able to estimated fish diversity by eDNA metabarcoding, and this finding will be helpful for baseline data preparation for future effective management of resources in this area.
Abstract: . Andriyono S, Jobaidul Alam Md, Kim HW. 2019. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding: Diversity study around the Pondok Dadap fish landing station, Malang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3772-3781. Molecular identification of species is now fast growing and currently widely applied method in the diversity estimation of aquatic biota; even though morphological identification is still carried out. The molecular approach is beneficial complementing on regular surveys, e.g. use of nets, traps, fishing rods, and even with poisons. In this study, the eDNA metabarcoding was applied to water samples around the Pondok Dadap fish landing station, Indonesia to determine the diversity of fish around the waters and also to identify marine fish landed in this area. Molecular identification was carried out on fish samples obtained from the fish market improved GenBank database on COI and ITS. While, seawater samples were carried out by using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform to obtain the eDNA metabarcoding data for the first time. Molecular identification obtained 34 species (68 sequences of COI and ITS regions) belonging to 28 genera, 18 families, 4 orders, while the eDNA metabarcoding approach identified 53 marine fish species by using the MiFish pipeline representing 38 genera, 27 families, and 7 orders. From the present study, we can able to estimated fish diversity by eDNA metabarcoding, and this finding will be helpful for baseline data preparation for future effective management of resources in this area.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on the burnt community land in Riau Province, where they conducted a soil analysis through purposive sampling to highlight the effect of the fires on the environment.
Abstract: . Wasis B, Saharjo BH, Putra EI. 2019. Impacts of peat fire on soil flora and fauna, soil properties and environmental damage in Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1770-1775. Land fires set by communities can result in the death of flora and fauna, damage the soil, and cause smoke disasters. In this study, we focused on the burnt community land in Riau Province, where we conducted a soil analysis through purposive sampling to highlight the effect of the fires on the environment. Our findings showed that fires caused a decrease of peat soil thickness of 10-15 cm, and resulted in 100% mortality of soil flora and fauna. We found a significant increase in the Ca and soil pH after a fire, but total microorganisms, total fungi, and soil respiration are found decreased. Our results strongly showed that the soil and environmental damage of burnt peat soil on community land exceeded the minimum criteria to be classified as "environmental damage" as defined by Indonesian Government Regulation No. 4/2001 (PP No 4/2001) for the parameters of bulk density, porosity, pH, organic C, N, total microorganisms, total fungi, and respiration.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used systematic random sampling method by establishing two plots with extent of one hectare for each plot in which each plot was divided into 20m x 20m subplots.
Abstract: . Kristiningrum R, Lahjie AM, Masjaya, Yusuf S, Ruslim Y. 2019. Species diversity, stand productivity, aboveground biomass, and economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2848-2857. Mangrove forest is one of the important ecosystems. It provides a variety of benefits both ecologically and economically. There are many biodiversity values of mangrove ecosystems that it can be evaluated economically. This study aims to: (i) identify the species diversity of mangrove forest; (ii) analyze the mangrove productivity and aboveground biomass; (iii) analyze the ecosystem value of mangrove forest in Mentawir Village, Penajam Paser District, East Kalimantan Province. The research used systematic random sampling method by establishing two plots with extent of one hectare for each plot in which each plot was divided into 20m x 20m subplots. The volume and mean annual increment (MAI), as well as current annual increment (CAI), were calculated. Economic value of mangrove ecosystem was calculated using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to reveal the total margin between Willingness to Pay (WTP) of wood produced by mangrove forest and Willingness to Accept (WTA) of fisheries catches. The results showed that there were 12 species of mangroves in the studied areas in which Rhizophora apiculata was the dominant species. Total aboveground biomass in Plot I and Plot II were respectively 127.46 tons ha-1 (62.61 tons C ha-1) and 79.26 (38.85 tons C ha-1) and dominated by Rhizophoraceace family with 76.80%, while 23.22% of the biomass was contributed by other mangrove families. The mangrove forest had a maximum average volume increment at 48 years and 42 years with MAI of 2.97 ha-1yr-1and 2.12 m3 ha-1yr-1 at Plot I and Plot II, respectively, with the total volume reached 127.5 m3 ha-1 and 79.60 m3 ha-1. The calculation of total margin between WTP and WTA indicated that in economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village with an extent of 2,300 ha was between IDR 207,000,000 yr-1 and IDR 345,000,000 yr-1. Our findings suggest that a good mangrove ecosystem will result in high economic value and biodiversity values cannot be separated from economic benefits in order to protect its sustainability.
TL;DR: Iskandar et al. as mentioned in this paper used a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods with the ethno-ecological approach to investigate the positive and negative effects of bird trade in the urban bird market.
Abstract: . Iskandar BS, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R. 2019. Hobby and business on trading birds: Case study in bird market of Sukahaji, Bandung, West Java and Splendid, Malang, East Java (Indonesia). Biodiversitas 20: 1316-1332. Bird species have various ecological and socio-economic-cultural functions for the human being. Ecologically, birds have beneficial functions in the ecosystem, such as helping plant pollinators, spreading plant seeds, participating in controlling agricultural pests, and monitoring environmental changes. Meanwhile, bird functions for the social-economic and culture of the community among them are known as sources of protein food, mystical functions, sources of material stories, sources of inspiration to make songs, craft materials, the source of gene pool, and become pets and trade animals. With the rise of the urban population hobby of raising birds and also the development of various bird contest activities in the urban, causing of the bird trade is very widespread in urban areas, such as in bird markets. In some cities in Indonesia, various bird markets have been popularly known for a long time. This study aimed to elucidate species diversity, folk classification, bird populations, bird prices, constraints to bird trade, and the positive and negative effects of bird trade in the urban bird market. The research method used a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods with the ethnoecological approach. The results of this study showed that from a survey of 60 bird traders in the bird market of Sukahaji, Bandung, and Splendid, Malang, a total of 160 bird species, representing 38 families were documented. Among them, 10 species representing 7 families recorded as protected bird by law in Indonesia, based on recent government regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of Republic of Indonesian No.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018. A total of 2,950 individuals were recorded in Sukahaji; while in Splendid were recorded 3,558 individuals. Prices of birds that are traded varied greatly depending on the species and characteristics of birds. It has been revealed that bird trade in the bird market has been various economic benefits for many people. However, due to the bird trade in bird markets in the city which has not been properly managed, the sustainability system of the bird trade in the city is very alarming caused of many factors, including decreasing of bird population over time in rural ecosystem as main supply of urban bird trading in the bird markets. Therefore, bird trading in the bird markets must be properly managed based on the sustainable development program concept, namely pro-economic, pro-social, and pro-environment.
TL;DR: This study obtained the nudibranchs-associated bacteria that have bioactivity against multidrug-resistant bacteria from Saparua and Nusa Laut Islands, Indonesia and found eleven of the isolates showed antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria.
Abstract: . Kristiana R, Sibero MT, Farisa MY, Ayuningrum D, Dirgantara D, Hanafi M, Radjasa OK, Sabdono A, Trianto A. 2019. Antibacterial potential of nudibranch-associated bacteria from Saparua and Nusa Laut Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1811-1819. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are the international health issue that triggers the urgency of finding new antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to obtain the nudibranchs-associated bacteria that have bioactivity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. A total of 13 species of nudibranch were identified based on morphological characterization. Overlay methods were used for the screening of the isolates bioactivity against six pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of the crude extract was evaluated against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Micrococcus luteus, and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases E. coli (ESBL) using MTT method. A total of 145 isolates were obtained which eleven of the isolates showed antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria. The MIC tests showed that the best acivity was isolate SM-S-9-15 and SM-N-3-7. The methanolic extract of isolate SM-S-9-15 active to all of the pathogenic bacteria, while the ethyl acetate extract of the isolate SM-N-3-7 active to the E. coli, B. subtilis, K. pneumonia at the concentration of 500 mg/mL. According to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence-based identification, all active isolates belong to Virgibacillus marismortui, V. dokdonensis, Bacillus kochii, Vibrio algynoliticus, and Pseudoalteromonas piscicida.
TL;DR: Wiratno et al. as discussed by the authors used surface-sterilization method and using Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) medium to isolate 10 endophytic bacteria from pepper root tissues.
Abstract: . Wiratno, Syakir M, Sucipto I, Pradana AP. 2019. Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from roots of Piper nigrum and their activities against Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita. Biodiversitas 20: 682-687. The endophytic bacteria from spices plants have potential as biocontrol agents. Nevertheless, their potential has not been explored. Pepper plant (Piper nigrum L.) is linked with promising endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents. This study aimed to obtain isolates of endophytic bacteria from root tissues of pepper plant. The isolation of endophytic bacteria was done using surface-sterilization method and using Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) medium. The result showed that 10 endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated. We found that a total of 9 bacteria were safe for plants and mammals and used for subsequent steps. The selected bacteria showed inhibition activity of Fusarium oxysporum (18.6 to 43.7%). Furthermore, the secondary metabolites of the endophytic bacteria also promoted lethal effects on Meloidogyne incognita (16.6 to 65.8%). The physiological activity also showed that seven isolates were able to produce chitinase, and four (4) isolates were able to produce protease. Additionally, 55.6% of isolates were also able to dissolve phosphorus and fix nitrogen. This study provided fundamental information related to the biocontrol properties of endophytic bacteria isolated from pepper plant roots.
TL;DR: The phylogenetic tree illustrates that Rinuak and Badar fish are the same species with low genetic diversity and belongs to the group of Gobiidae and a sister taxon from G. brachypterus.
Abstract: . Roesma DI, Tjong DH, Aidil DR. 2020. Phylogenetic analysis of transparent gobies in three Sumatran lakes, inferred from mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene. Biodiversitas 21: 43-48. The transparent gobies fish found in three lakes in Sumatra island is known as Rinuak fish (in Maninjau Lake and Singkarak Lake, West Sumatra, Indonesia) or Badar fish (in Siais Lake, North Sumatra, Indonesia), and are morphologically very similar to the Gobiopterus brachypterus. The phylogenetic study was carried out by analyzing 619 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in 12 fish individuals from the three lakes. Rinuak and Badar fish in three populations have four haplotypes. The sequence divergences in and between populations are very low (0.0-0.5%). This value indicates that Rinuak and Badar fish are the same species with low genetic diversity. The phylogenetic tree illustrates that this fish belongs to the group of Gobiidae and a sister taxon from G. brachypterus.
TL;DR: Rahmawaty et al. as mentioned in this paper used Geographic Information System (GIS) for mapping of A. malaccensis land suitability in North Sumatra, Indonesia, using a survey method to collect soil samples in the field.
Abstract: . Rahmawaty, Frastika S, Marpaung RME, Batubara R, Rauf A. 2019. Short Communication: Use of Geographic Information System for mapping of Aquilaria malaccensis land suitability in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2561-2568. The Geographic Information System (GIS) can be applicated in the field of forestry and agriculture, such as for mapping as part of land evaluation. The land suitability of Aquilaria malaccensis in the agroforestry land of North Sumatra Province is important. Commonly, A. malaccensis were planted by the community in Langkat and Deli Serdang District. This study aimed to map the land suitability for A. malaccensis in Telaga Village, Sei Bingai Sub District, Langkat District, Peria-ria Village and Sari Laba Jahe Village, Biru-biru Sub District, Deli Serdang District. A survey method was used to collect soil samples in the field. Land suitability classification (LSC) for A. malaccensis was evaluated based on the matching method. The results showed that the actual land suitability classes for A. malaccensis in Telaga Village were moderately suitable (S2) and marginally suitable (S3). The actual land suitability classes for A. malaccensis in Peria-ria Village and Sari Laba Jahe Village were moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3) and not suitable (N). There were several limiting factors in land suitability evaluation in the area, namely: nutrient retention (nr), erosion hazard (eh), and root zone medium (rc).
TL;DR: Preliminary identification of Begomovirus infected-Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae in Yogyakarta based core coat protein (CP) gene sequence shows Begomvirus infected Solanaceae in Indonesia has close relationship with Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus and Tomato yellow Leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus.
Abstract: . Subiastuti AS, Hartono S, Daryono BS. 2019. Detection and Identification of Begomovirus infecting Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 738-744. Begomovirus genome has high plasticity that led to evolve rapidly. Begomovirus is one of a remarkably successful group of emerging viruses as the results from combination of many factors. Planting systems in Indonesia which often overlapping two or more plant species in one land has high possibility for occurring mixed infection. It is also suggested has high contribution to increase Begomovirus diversity. The aim of this research is to do preliminary identification of Begomovirus infected-Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae in Yogyakarta based core coat protein (CP) gene sequence. A total of 50 melon, 50 chili, 30 eggplants, and 30 watermelon samples which showed Begomovirus symptoms were observed from several fields in Yogyakarta and Purworejo, Indonesia during 2016. Almost 90% of infected samples for each plant were tested by PCR and showed positive for Begomovirus. Based on coat protein (CP) gene nucleotide sequence identity, Begomovirus infected Solanaceae in Indonesia has close relationship with Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCVKaV), while in Cucurbitaceae has close relationship with Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCV) Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). All collected isolates showed highest sequence identity with isolates from South-East Asia and China. However, further analysis that including full genome characterization is still needed to explain Begomovirus evolution in Indonesia.
TL;DR: Logistic regression revealed that probability of severe damage by the cassava mealybug was significantly increased with the increasing abundance of ants, and the geographic distribution of P. manihoti and spread of A. lopezi was found to be widely distributed.
Abstract: . Fanani Z. M., Rauf A, Maryana N, Nurmansyah A, Hindayana D. 2019. Geographic distribution of the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti and its introduced parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi in parts of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3751-3757. Cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an invasive pest detected for the first time in Indonesia in 2010. An exotic parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was introduced and released in 2014 to control the pest. Study was conducted with the objective to determine the geographic distribution of P. manihoti and spread of A. lopezi. Field surveys were conducted on cassava fields in various locations in Lampung, Java, and Nusa Tenggara. Our studies showed that P. manihoti was found to be widely distributed in Lampung, Banten, West Java, Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara. In each location visited, symptoms of P. manihoti infestation as indicated by internode distortion and bunchy top were prominent. Three years following release, parasitoid A. lopezi has established and spread into several cassava growing areas, except East Nusa Tenggara. Parasitism rates varied from 1.50% in West Nusa Tenggara up to 59.18% in East Java. Logistic regression revealed that probability of severe damage by the cassava mealybug was significantly (P<0.05) increased with the increasing abundance of ants.
TL;DR: Semenya et al. as mentioned in this paper explored Bapedi traditional healer's (THs) practices pertinent to native plants used to treat respiratory infections and related symptoms (RSs). Semi-structured questionnaires and participatory observations were used to gather information from 240 THs in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Abstract: . Semenya SS, Maroyi A. 2019. Source, harvesting, conservation status, threats and management of indigenous plant used for respiratory infections and related symptoms in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Biodiversitas 20: 789-810. This survey explored Bapedi traditional healer’s (THs) practices pertinent to native plants used to treat respiratory infections (RIs) and related symptoms (RSs). Semi-structured questionnaires and participatory observations were used to gather information from 240 THs in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. 186 plants from 75 families were harvested by these THs, mainly from the communal lands (81.2%), throughout the year. Plant parts used for RIs and RSs remedies was destructively harvested in wilderness compared to homegardens. Most (n=174) species from which these parts are obtained appears on the South African National Red Data List of plants, with 88.5% having a list concern status. This included Adansonia digitata, Boscia albitrunca, Catha edulis, Securidaca longepedunculata and Sclerocarya birrea which are also protected under the National Forest Act of 1998 (Act no. 84 of 1998). A further, 8.6% (n=15) of Red Data Listed plants are of conservation concern, with various status namely near threatened (38.3%), declining (20%), data deficient (13.3%), critically endangered and vulnerable (3.3%, for each), as well as endangered (6.6%). There were both consensus and disjunction amongst THs and Red Data List regarding the status of plants in the wild. This study provides valuable data for the conservation of medicinal plants in Limpopo Province.
TL;DR: A secondary metabolite compound from endophytic fungi isolated from S. mahagoni is reported, which is widely used to treat degenerative diseases caused by free radical activity in the body.
Abstract: . Fadhillah, Elfita, Muharni, Yohandini H, Widjajanti. 2019. Chemical compound isolated from antioxidant active extract of endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum in Swietenia mahagoni leaf stalks. Biodiversitas 20: 2645-2650. Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq is a medicinal plant that widely used as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, anticancer, antitumor, and antidiabetic. Several bioactive compounds have been reported to be associated with this plant that supports its treatment activities. Flavonoid content of the S. mahagoni has antioxidant activity. Therefore the plant is widely used to treat degenerative diseases caused by free radical activity in the body. Scientists have proven that the medicinal plants have a symbiotic relationship with the number of microorganisms that can produce bioactive compounds. One of the symbiotic microorganisms is endophytic fungi believed to be associated with every plant on earth. In this paper, we report a secondary metabolite compound from endophytic fungi isolated from S. mahagoni. The endophytic fungi (DMG1-DMG4) were isolated from leaf stalks of S. mahagoni. Antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi extracts was tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The chemical compound from the active extract was isolated by the chromatographic method, and the structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, NMR 1D (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), NMR 2D (HMQC and HMBC). Antioxidant activity test showed the endophytic fungus (DMG3) has the highest activity. The chemical compound from DMG3 was identified as 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-piran-4-yl) methyl acetate). The phylogenetic method used to molecular analysis of DMG3 confirmed the fungus as Cladosporium tenuissimum.
TL;DR: The purposes of this investigation were to isolate antimicrobial-producing lactic acid bacteria from chao and to identify their isolates based on the molecular properties, which suggested that the IB1C and IB2B strain were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, whereas IB3E and IB3F were identifiedAs Pediococcus pentosaceus.
Abstract: . Nurhikmayani R, Daryono BS, Retnaningrum E. 2019. Isolation and molecular identification of antimicrobial-producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from chao, South Sulawesi (Indonesia) fermented fish product. Biodiversitas 20: 1063-1068. Chao is traditional fermented fish made of anchovy (Stolephorus sp.), rice, salt, and fermented naturally on controlled environment. The product comes from Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi. Chao has the potential for the source of high-grade lactic acid bacteria isolates, especially for antimicrobial compound. Antimicrobial compound produced by lactic acid bacteria is a biopreservative compound with many advantages. The purposes of this investigation were to isolate antimicrobial-producing lactic acid bacteria from chao and to identify their isolates based on the molecular properties. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from chao using Man Ragosa Sharpe Agar (MRSA) medium added with 0.1 % CaCO3, followed by the ability test to produce antimicrobial compound against Staphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047 as an indicator. The spectrum of crude antimicrobial as cell-free supernatant (CFS) was determined by antagonism against S. aureus FNCC 0047 and Escherichia coli FNCC 0049 on agar well diffusion test. Selected isolates of antimicrobial-producing lactic acid bacteria molecularly identified from 16S rRNA marker using primer 27F and 1492R. We obtained four isolates of lactic acid bacteria that showed the antimicrobial activity. This crude antimicrobial compound could inhibit both gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus FNCC0047 and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli FNCC0049. The highest crude antimicrobial activity of isolates was observed on IB1C strain. The results of molecular characterization suggested that the IB1C and IB3B strain were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, whereas IB3E and IB3F were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus.
TL;DR: The study showed that 118 species of medicinal plants belonging to 47 families had been used by the Sanger tribe to treat 39 different types of diseases, and a utilization of Dischidia nythesiana as medicines for cancer/tumor by theSanger tribe has not been reported before.
Abstract: . Pandiangan D, Silalahi M, Dapas F, Kandou F. 2019. Diversity of medicinal plants and their uses by the Sanger tribe of Sangihe Islands, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 621-631. The Sanger tribe is an indigenous tribe in Sangihe Islands, North Sulawesi, who still continue to use traditional medicinal plants. The objectives of this study were to document the diversity of medicinal plants and their general uses by the Sanger tribe in the selected villages of Sangihe Islands and to identify plants that have anti-cancer potential. The study was conducted with ethnobotanical approach using survey and interviews among 90 respondents selected from 9 study villages located in 3 sub-districts of Sangihe Islands. The study showed that 118 species of medicinal plants belonging to 47 families had been used by the Sanger tribe to treat 39 different types of diseases. Thirteen (13) species each were used for treating fever and ulcers, 12 species in the treatment of poisoning, 10 species each for cough and kidney diseases, 8 species for each of the diabetes mellitus and cancer or tumors, and 7 species each for itching, hypertension, physical injury and blood circulation disorders. For other diseases, the number of plant species used as medicines varied from 1 to 6. Leaves were the most predominantly used part for medicinal purposes as this was used in case of 73 species, followed by stems (37 species), roots (29 species), flowers (25 species), fruits (20 species) and seeds (17 species). Twenty percent (20% of the recorded medicinal plants were consumed directly and others after different methods of processing and preparation, such as boiling (51%), crushing (15%), roasting (2%), soaking (16%) and pasting (7%), and a species can be used more once. A utilization of Dischidia nythesiana as medicines for cancer/tumor by the Sanger tribe has not been reported before.
TL;DR: This quantitative ethnobotany study aims to find the correlation of traditional ecological knowledge of medicinal plants of the Dayak Krayan people to biodiversity conservation in Kayan Mentarang National Park (KMNP), North Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Abstract: . Susanti R, Zuhud EAM. 2019. Traditional ecological knowledge and biodiversity conservation: the medicinal plants of the Dayak Krayan people in Kayan Mentarang National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2764-2779. Traditional ecological knowledge and biodiversity conservation can support one another for management of national parks in Indonesia as some such areas established in customary areas. This quantitative ethnobotany study aims to find the correlation of traditional ecological knowledge of medicinal plants of the Dayak Krayan people to biodiversity conservation in Kayan Mentarang National Park (KMNP), North Kalimantan, Indonesia. The research method used key informant interviews, transect walks, and questionnaire interviews. There were about 51 and 42 medicinal plants in Wa’ Yagung and Pa’ Padi respectively, which most used in life form of herb and tree, and to treat digestive system and infestations. Moreover, the important species are trees Alstonia scholaris and Cinnamomum cuspidatum, and vine Aristolochia sp. which grow in primary forest, while shrub Melastoma malabathricum in young secondary forest. There were significant differences in knowledge and use regarding age and gender groups, which older groups tend to possess higher values. The linking concept is proposed by using a review of three stimuli NUR (Natural-Usefulness-Religious) pro-conservation tool of traditional ecological knowledge and biodiversity conservation. The authorities’ stakeholders in KMNP will have to emphasize the traditional ecological knowledge in short or long-term management plan to achieve the objective of collaborative management in this national park.
TL;DR: Rahmawaty et al. as mentioned in this paper used Geographic Information System (GIS) to map the distribution of medicinal plants in the arboretum of the Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) in North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Abstract: . Rahmawaty, Samosir JB, Batubara R, Rauf A. 2019. Diversity and distribution of medicinal plants in the Universitas Sumatera Utara Arboretum of Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1457-1465. The plants found in Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Arboretum has the potential to be utilized by the local community to meet their food and medicinal needs. The objectives of this study were to calculate the species diversity, to find out the various parts of plants utilized for medicinal purposes and to map the distribution of medicinal plants in the arboretum. Survey and interview methods were used to collect data. The species diversity was determined using Shannon-Wiener index. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the distribution of medicinal plants. The results showed that there were 17 species of medicinal herbs, 21 species of trees and 12 species of poles in the arboretum. The diversity was classified as moderate based on the calculated value. The most predominant part of plants utilized for medicinal purposes were leaves. The distribution of medicinal plants was mostly clustered and uneven. The condition indicates still there is scope for additional planting of medicinal species to increase the diversity of species, especially in the western and the northern part of the arboretum.
TL;DR: The findings of present study have increased the chances of success in utilizing Beauveria bassiana isolates for biological control in acidic ecosystems, such as peatlands, tidal lowlands, and freshwater swamps.
Abstract: . Ayudya DR, Herlinda S, Suwandi S. 2019. Insecticidal activity of culture filtrates from liquid medium of Beauveria bassiana isolates from South Sumatra (Indonesia) wetland soil against larvae of Spodoptera litura. Biodiversitas 20: 2101-2109. The obstacle in utilizing entomopathogenic fungi to control pest insects in wetlands is the inability of their isolates to survive during the saprophytic phase due to the soil being very acidic. Therefore, the exploration of fungi being able to survive in the acidic soil was utilized in the acidic ecosystem. This study aimed to test the toxic activity of Beauveria bassiana culture filtrates from liquid medium at pH 2.5 and 6 against Spodoptera litura larvae. Total of ten isolates collected from South Sumatra, Indonesia was grown in liquid media at pH of 2.5 and 6 for six weeks. The result showed that the culture filtrate from liquid medium at pH 6 was more toxic against the larvae than that at pH 2.5. The mortality of the larvae at pH 6 reached 92%, while that at pH 2.5 it reached 13.33% only. The findings of present study revealed that the culture filtrate isolates of BPdR, BJgTs, BSwTd2, BSwTd3, BSwTd4, BKKPp2 from pH 2.5 media still caused high larvae mortality (6.67-13.33%). These seven isolates are superior due to their toxic nature at pH 2.5. Consequently, present study has increased the chances of success in utilizing these isolates for biological control in acidic ecosystems, such as peatlands, tidal lowlands, and freshwater swamps.
TL;DR: Phenotypic and genetic stability of new Indonesian melon cultivar ‘Melonia’ based on ISSR markers and F2 and F3 populations have been stable on 25 of 27 morphological traits used, except in weight of seed cavity and color of skin fruit.
Abstract: . Daryono BS, Subiastuti AS, Fatmadanni A, Sartika D. 2019. Phenotypic and genetic stability of new Indonesian melon cultivar (Cucumis melo L. ‘Melonia’) based on ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 20: 1069-1075. Cucumis melo L. ‘Melonia’ was new Indonesian melon cultivars produced by segregation of Meloni cultivar. The Meloni cultivar has a yellowish-skinned color, orange flesh fruit, and sweet taste. The stability of phenotype and genotype characters of this new cultivars were assessed using 27 morphological traits and 4 ISSR primers, respectively. Phenotype characters in F2 and F3 populations have been stable on 25 of 27 morphological traits used, except in weight of seed cavity and color of skin fruit. The 4 ISSR markers were produced 41 fragments, contained 28 monomorphic DNA bands and 13 polymorphic DNA bands. All of DNA bands were scored and used for genetic similarity analysis using MVSP 3.1A Program. The highest genetic variation was produced by UBC-808 primer with a polymorphic percentage of 38.46%. All of ‘Melonia’ populations were clustered together with 100% similarity percentage. Compared to other cultivars, ‘Melonia’ had high similarity with ‘Meloni’ in 87.8%, meanwhile, ‘Melonia’ and Meloni cultivars had relationship with Melona at a similarity value of 70.7%.
TL;DR: Wakhid et al. as discussed by the authors conducted a study to determine the species richness and diversity of aquatic insects inhabiting rice fields in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, with the objective of determining the species diversity and richness of aquatic organisms in rice fields.
Abstract: . Wakhid, Rauf A, Krisanti M, Sumertajaya IM, Maryana N. 2020. Species richness and diversity of aquatic insects inhabiting rice fields in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 34-42. Rice fields occupy the largest cultivated area in agricultural landscape in Indonesia and support a variety of living organisms, including aquatic insects. This study was conducted with the objective to determine the species richness and diversity of aquatic insects inhabiting rice fields. Sampling was made in March, May, and July 2017 in rice fields at Situgede, Pandansari, and Kawungluwuk (Bogor region, West Java, Indonesia), and carried out by dragging dip net on the bottom along the edge of the rice plots. A total of 3,306 individuals representing 45 species of aquatic insects belonging to 30 genera, 20 families, and seven orders were recorded. Order Hemiptera was the most abundance comprising 28.89% of the total insects collected, followed by Diptera (24.80%), Coleoptera (24.41%), and Odonata (21.42%). Functional feeding group analysis showed that collectors-gatherers had the highest proportion (40 - 46%), followed by predators (23-44%) and scrapers (10-35%). Rank-abundance curve showed low species evenness with the four most abundant species were Micronecta siva (Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Micronectidae), Chironomus sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae), Orthetrum sabina (Drury) (Odonata: Libellulidae), and Helochares sp. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). The Shannon-Wiener index showed the lowest value (H’=1.84) at Situgede and the highest (H’=2.05) at Pandansari. Richness estimate and individual-based rarefaction curve revealed that rice fields at Pandansari have more species richness than the other two sites. This study provides some insights into the aquatic insect community of the human-made ecosystem and suggests that the ecological approach to pest management is necessary for maintaining ecosystem health and promoting biodiversity.
TL;DR: Nurhasnawati et al. as discussed by the authors determined the total phenolic and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan.
Abstract: . Nurhasnawati H, Sundu R, Sapri, Supriningrum R, Kuspradini H, Arung ET. 2019. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 576-580. This study aimed to determine the total phenolic and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method and flavonoid content was measured by colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The result of photochemical screening indicated that the leaves of Plagiogyria pycnophylla, Plagiogyria glauca, and Stenochlaena palustris contained alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and steroid while Acrostichum aureum contained flavonoid, tannin, saponin and steroid. The result showed extract Acrostichum aureum had the highest total phenolic content (366.4573 ± 2.2117 mg GAE.g-1), flavonoid content (228.6087 ± 2.2548 mg QE.g-1), and very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value 29.5303 ppm. There is positive correlation between total phenolic content, flavonoid with antioxidant activity.
TL;DR: In this paper, Eddy et al. analyzed the species composition and community structure of degraded mangrove vegetation in the Air Telang Protected Forest (ATPF) in South Sumatra, Indonesia.
Abstract: . Eddy S, Ridho MR, Iskandar I, Mulyana A. 2019. Species composition and structure of degraded mangrove vegetation in the Air Telang Protected Forest, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2119-2127. Air Telang Protected Forest (ATPF) is one of the protected forests in the coastal area of South Sumatra, Indonesia which is around 12,660.9 hectares. This area is strategic because it borders directly with the Bangka Strait and adjacent to Sembilang National Park making it easy to access by the community. Various anthropogenic activities in the region such as residential, farming, agriculture, aquaculture, port and timber harvesting have led to degradation and loss of primary mangrove forest. This study aims to analyze the species composition and community structure of mangrove vegetation in the ATPF. The data were collected through observations at several point-centered samplings which were used to analyze the species composition and community structure of the vegetation and the physicochemical conditions of the environment. The species composition of this area consists of 20 species belonging to 14 families. The dominant species of tree, sapling and seedling stages are Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora apiculata and Acrostichum aureum, respectively. Overall species diversity index in this region is classified as very low, ranging from 0.00 to 0.73. Cluster analysis showed three types of vegetation structures in this region, namely Cyperus-Acrostichum type (shrub vegetation), Acrostichum-Rhizophora type (secondary forests) and Nypa-Avicennia (primary forests).
TL;DR: The plants were phenotypically diverse, in which there were significant variations among the ten C. aeruginosa accessions, and also showed a high potency for medicinal plant breeding programs.
Abstract: . Khumaida N, Syukur M, Bintang M, Nurcholis W. 2019. Phenolic and flavonoid content in ethanol extract and agro-morphological diversity of Curcuma aeruginosa accessions growing in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 656-663. Curcuma aeruginosa is a rhizomatous medicinal plant with beneficial pharmacological activities. The aim of this work was to analyze the agro-morphological, extract yield, and phenolic content of ten C. aeruginosa accessions which were collected from different locations in Indonesia. Cultivation was carried out in the open field in West Java of Indonesia using a completely randomized design. Qualitative and quantitative parameters were used to investigate agro-morphological traits. Total phenolic and total flavonoids contents were determined in ethanol extracts of samples. The plants were phenotypically diverse, in which there were significant variations among the ten C. aeruginosa accessions in number of leaves, plant height, number of shoots, fresh weight of rhizome, and dry weight of rhizome characters. Variability in the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents ranged from 29.08-46.92 mg GAE/g, and 21.31-33.81 mg QE/g, respectively. Six accessions had high phenolic content and extract yield. Therefore, these accessions could be utilized for commercial scale and also showed a high potency for medicinal plant breeding programs.