Showing papers in "Biological Control in 1997"

TL;DR: It is argued that ACSs are “predictably ephemeral” habitats that present a selective environment that is different from that commonly envisioned for disturbed or early successional habitats, and therefore, effective biological control strategies in ACSs must include a landscape ethic that provides an abundance of permanent habitats that can act as reservoirs for indigenous and introduced natural enemies.

TL;DR: The 29 most commonly sold natural enemies are discussed in this survey and the recommended release rate, the unit of sale, the target pest(s), and the number of companies producing a certain natural enemy are specified.

TL;DR: The additive or synergistic interaction between Btj and S. glaseri or H. bacteriophora may offer a powerful and reliable tool for scarab grub control.

TL;DR: The combination of C. laurentii with 264 μg/ml of thiabendazole was significantly more effective for control of blue mold on pear than thiabsorbentazole at 528 μg/ML whenever any thiABendazoles-resistant spores were present in the inoculum.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the practice of biological control in ephemeral crop habitats may require a different perspective that recognizes the duration of habitat structure and that desired traits of natural enemies might differ, depending on the particular biological control objective.

TL;DR: Development of powder formulations of P. fluorescens will aid large-scale application of biological control in farmers' fields, and talc-based powder formulations effectively controlled pigeonpea wilt and increased yield in two field trials.

TL;DR: It is indicated that an integration of UV-C with the yeast treatment can be as effective as commercial postharvest fungicide treatment in reducing storage rots.

TL;DR: Application of B. bassiana and M. flavoviride in combination may be a way to overcome some of the constraints of temperature on entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes against grasshoppers, especially where temperatures fluctuate or are high for a significant period of time.

TL;DR: The gut contents of three species of insect predators that were fed either a variable or a fixed number of pink bollworm eggs but held at variable time and temperature regimes were assayed by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

TL;DR: These experiments indicated that Xanthomonas campestrispv.poae has great potential for controlling annual bluegrass without harming desirable turf grasses.

TL;DR: Important factors that affect the frequency of parasitoid encapsulation in the Coccoidea include the host's physiological age and physiological condition, the host origin (or strain), superparasitism, the rearing and/or ambient temperature, and the host plant.

TL;DR: In this article, the exo-beta-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.58) activity of Pichia anomala strain K was studied in a synthetic medium supplemented with laminarin, a cell wall preparation (CWP) of B. cinerea, or glucose.

TL;DR: Two Pseudomonas syringaestrains (ESC-10 and ESC11) controlled green and blue molds of citrus caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicills italicum on both lemons and oranges, respectively, and the efficacy of disease control by strain ESC-10 was superior to that of strain Esc-11.

TL;DR: An introduced, gall-forming rust fungus, Uromycladium tepperianum, on an invasive treeAcacia salignawas evaluated in the Western Cape Province, showing greatly reduced population densities of A. salignain South Africa.

TL;DR: The ability to genetically improve the properties of this virus as a pesticide provides the opportunity to develop a commercially viable product to control this pest species.

TL;DR: In greenhouse studies, myrothecium verrucaria isolated from sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) affected several plant species, including a number of economically important crop, ornamental, and weed species, and Responses of inoculated plants to the fungus ranged from no reduction in dry weight to 100% mortality.

TL;DR: A combination of bee-vectored G. roseumto protect flowers and a spray against direct infection of fruits is proposed to optimize fruit rot control.

TL;DR: Although yields of marketable tubers showed no treatment differences, the significant reductions in larval densities, the prevalence of infection in field collections, and the substantial foliage protection confirmed the potential of B. bassianaconidia to infect and kill Colorado potato beetle for crop protection.

TL;DR: Results indicate that the Barbados strain is a distinct species from Bracon hebetor, a parasitoid of pyralid moth larvae infesting stored grain on the island of Barbados.

TL;DR: The simulated population increase of greenhouse whitefly in the absence or presence of parasitoids agreed well with observed populations in a tomato crop and suppressed rather than regulated by the parasitoid at extremely low densities.

TL;DR: From 1993 to 1996, gypsy moth populations remained low, with almost no LdNPV infections recovered, and E. maimaiga infections increased only after larval densities increased.

TL;DR: The difference in prey density between the laboratory and field seems to have been a major contributing factor in determining the rate of predation, whereas differences in environmental conditions may explain the differences observed in the predation rate in the greenhouse and field.

TL;DR: The risk assessment study supports the regulatory view that the transgenic nematode strain is an unlikely environmental threat, and document the regulatory procedures at the federal, state, university, and local levels needed before field release.

TL;DR: The genetic data suggest that the founding North American population(s) was substantial, and there was a measure of genetic differentiation caused by drift, but this differentiation was small with respect to the large geographical distances among the sampled populations.

TL;DR: Biological control agents have been released throughout areas of the United States infested by leafy spurge, and the initial phase of the USDA-APHIS-PPQ implementation program is nearly complete.

TL;DR: As parasitoid walking speeds are the same on Gerbera and tomato, and whitefly reproduction is also similar on these two host plants, it is concluded that biological control of whiteflies onGerberais a realistic option.

TL;DR: Naive females of Cotesia flavipes Cameron and Coteia sesamiae (Cameron) were attracted, in a T-tube olfactometer, to volatile kairomones from frass produced by Chilo partellus, Chilo orichalcociliellus Strand, Sesamia calamistis Hampson, and Busseola fusca fed on maize stalk.

TL;DR: The RAPD technique revealed a far greater level of variation in nine Californian samples than was previously shown by isozyme analysis, raising questions about the method of dispersal of this species.

TL;DR: Modifications of rearing and release procedures that considered the biology of the agent in relation to various habitat characteristics facilitated successful establishment of populations in the United States.

TL;DR: Development rates were determined for three pteromalid parasitoids of houseflies under constant and varying temperatures from 15 to 35°C and agreement between predicted and observed development times for all three species was achieved by small empirical adjustments of a key parameter in the biophysical model.