Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 1985"

TL;DR: It is postulate that the numbing and catatenoid reactions following trauma in humans correspond to the central nervous system (CNS) catecholamine depletion that follows inescapable shock in animals.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the anxiolytic effects of buspirone and TVX Q 7821 may be mediated by central 5-HT1A receptors.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that pharmacological blockade of serotonin reuptake alone is not sufficient for an antiobsessional response.

TL;DR: In a prospective study of EEG sleep patterns in 25 elderly depressives, 25 elderly demented patients, and 25 healthy, elderly control subjects, the sleep of depressives was characterized by reduced REM sleep latency, increased REM percent and first REM period density, and altered temporal distribution of REM sleep, as well as by diminished sleep maintenance.

TL;DR: Of the existing animal models of severe depression, the olfactory bulbectomy model holds the most promise for elucidating the neurobiology of depression and the neurochemistry of antidepressant drugs.

TL;DR: Daytime performance and alertness were examined in two groups of patients with disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) and a control group of self-described good sleepers, and the subjective DIMS group demonstrated an atypical daytime alertness and a tendency toward lowered arousal during vigilance task performance.

TL;DR: Multiple conditioning stimuli were substituted for the single conditioning stimulus used previously in an attempt to enhance gating of auditory responses, but suppression of the P50 test response did not increase in either normal or schizophrenics.

TL;DR: The preliminary data lend support to the view that an increased pituitary ACTH reserve or adrenocortical steroid reserve is not likely to be responsible for the defective pituitsary-adrenal regulation in some dexamethasone-resistant depressives.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the tics and vocalizations of GTS are aberrant manifestations of simple motor programs that are spontaneously generated by the basal ganglia and that obsessions and compulsions represent more complex motor plans initiated by similar anomalous activities.

TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed to suggest that agents responsible for improving NMS act on the dopamine (DA) gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) connections in the mesostriatal and mesolimbic systems and also in the hypothalamus.

TL;DR: Among the depressed patients, those who reported recent weight loss had significantly higher plasma ACTH and cortisol levels than those without weight loss, and the differences reached significance during some time periods.

TL;DR: Factors associated with decreased duration of survival in DAT include male sex, presenile onset, and increased severity of behavioral impairment, which suggests a more malignant course.

TL;DR: The dexamethasone suppression test in patients with unipolar depression and its application to the routine micro and ultramicro measurement of various steroids in body fluids by competitive protein binding radioassay is described.

TL;DR: The regional cerebral effects of an anxiolytic (clorazepate) in 20 patients with generalized anxiety disorder were assessed using 16-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectral estimate maps of the left hemisphere, suggesting the importance of multilead recording in assessing EEG correlates of drug action.

TL;DR: During a followup of the effects of chronic cerebellar stimulation for spasticity of cerebral palsy and epilepsy, PET scan provides a means of measuring local concentration of positron emitters in brain and reconstructing pictorial images of the distribution of the isotope in the brain.

TL;DR: The behavioral improvement observed with the combination vitamin B6-magnesium was associated with significant modifications of both biochemical and electrophysiological parameters: the urinary HVA excretion decreased, and EP amplitude and morphology seemed to be normalized.

TL;DR: A patient with resistant depression in whom the addition of conjugated estrogen to an antidepressant drug induced the condition of rapid mood cycling, which is a direct complication of various agents with antidepressant activity is reported.

TL;DR: This preliminary work suggests that in schizophrenia, abnormal electrophysiological function is associated with definable gross morphological abnormalities of the brain.

TL;DR: Injection of ferric chloride into the left amygdala of rats produced limbic seizures that lasted at least 3 weeks and motor impairment, decreased protesting vocalizations, and spontaneous stereotypies during a behavioral examination, which were associated with changes in postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors.

TL;DR: Whether the first phase of auditory information processing, the first 6-8 msec post stimulus, is different in schizophrenics compared with controls, or whether differences in auditory informationprocessing occur more than 8 msec poststimulus, that is, after the afferent volley has reached the inferior colliculus.

TL;DR: The two-dimensional reduction of the 17 CSF parameters correctly separated 15 of 16 controls from the schizophrenic subjects, indicating that a biological heterogeneity between schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic subjects can be detected by the simultaneous analysis of the CSF concentrations of substances related directly or indirectly to the neurons in the brain.

TL;DR: A finding supporting the conclusion that Li enhances brain cholinergic function by its presynaptic effects on acetylcholine turnover and release is found, as well as possible implications for the therapeutic mechanisms and adverse effects of Li.

TL;DR: Using a newly developed system of brain electrical activity mapping, right-handed, schizophrenic subjects who had been treated with neuroleptics are studied and a widespread left hemisphere dysfunction during multisensorimotor activation is found, with a predominance over the primary sensory and motor cortical areas.

TL;DR: 3H-imipramine binding and serotonin uptake in platelets from untreated depressed patients and control volunteers and Psychopharmacology 77:332-335.

TL;DR: A theoretical argument proposes that thresholds for visual perception of movement should be abnormally high in schizophrenia, which may reflect a central vestibular dysfunction, consisting of abnormallyHigh levels of extraneous noise within the neural activity of the central Vestibulo-cerebellar complex.

TL;DR: Determinations of albumin and immunoglobulin G were performed in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 24 subjects with schizophrenia and 7 of 24 subjects showed increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and 8 of 24 demonstrated elevated endogenous CNS IgG production.

TL;DR: CSF that was allowed to stand at room temperature for brief periods and then was refrozen contained elevated levels of the immunoreactive substance P, an observation that may account for a previous report of elevated CSF substance P immunoreactivity in psychiatric disorders.