Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 1986"

TL;DR: The results suggest that there are intriguing parallels between the aberrant sensory gating of the ASR demonstrated by schizophrenics and that demonstrated by rats during stimulation of supersensitive brain dopamine receptors.

TL;DR: An in vivo study of the corpus callosum in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls using magnetic resonance brain imaging suggests that increased callosal thickness in schizophrenia is gender related, a factor that is not considered by postmortem studies.

TL;DR: Results with psychotomimetic drugs in an animal model parallel abnormalities in sensory gating previously observed in psychotic human subjects.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that alterations in S2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex may reflect the disease process, per se, and that the increase in the number of D2 receptor sites in the caudate nucleus of schizophrenics is not due solely to neuroleptic medication.

TL;DR: It seems unlikely that a specific pattern of pathologically significant gliosis is present in schizophrenic brains and negative findings are of note because of previously reported structural differences in the temporal lobe in the schizophrenic group in this series.

TL;DR: The Flinders S-line of rats reacts to both mild stressors and a cholinergic agonist with greater behavioral depression and may, therefore, be a useful new animal model of human depressive disorders, one that focuses onCholinergic supersensitivity.

TL;DR: Study of the circadian rhythm of plasma melatonin may prove to be a useful index of the aging process and show a significant negative correlation between age and 24-hr secretion of plasmamelatonin.

TL;DR: The P300 component was elicited by an auditory oddball paradigm in 55 normal adults from a wide age range and an abnormal delay in P300 was found to be less sensitive and specific to dementia.

TL;DR: The concordance between ACTH and TSH responses after specific challenges suggests that regulation of both systems is at least in part under a common control, and supports the view that hypercortisolism in depression is primarily due to a suprapituitary disturbance.

TL;DR: The results indicated a response rate of approximately 60% for both nortriptyline and phenelzine versus a 13% response rate for placebo, and both drugs were well tolerated.

TL;DR: The results suggest that methylene blue may be a useful addition to lithium in the long-term treatment of manic-depressive psychosis and warrants further investigation.

TL;DR: Just prior to the onset of the first pronounced rise in plasma cortisol during sleep, episodes of slow wave sleep (SWS) became more frequent, which suggests that the offset of episodes of SWS may act as a trigger for thefirst pronounced nocturnal rise in Plasma cortisol.

TL;DR: Electrodermal and heart rate measures of autonomic activation between patients meeting DSM-III criteria for agoraphobia with panic attacks and controls in terms of tonic level, reactivity to various types of stimuli, recovery, habituation, and spontaneous variability differed between groups.

TL;DR: It is suggested that an approach to the topic emphasizing site of abnormality will encourage greater clarity of thought in the study of the cholinergic component of the pathophysiology of affective illness.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that rats with increased cholinergic sensitivity are more sensitive to the immobility-inducing effects of mild stressors, and may prove to be useful models for studying the relationship between affective disorders and the Cholinergic system.

TL;DR: There is indirect supporting evidence for a role for somatostatin dysregulation in the most consistently observed biological abnormality in depression, escape from dexamethasone suppression.

TL;DR: Similar to previous reports, the suicide attempters were younger, more likely to be bipolar, had an earlier age at onset, and displayed more psychotic features.

TL;DR: A review of the main findings in suicidal behavior, discuss the methodological shortcomings of this research, and indicate ways of avoiding them can be found in this paper, where the major biochemical research targets are similar: monoamines and hormones.

TL;DR: The occurrence of a toxic reaction in all five cases following combined administration of fluoxetine and L-tryptophan is reported, indicating that serotonin has been implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

TL;DR: Results suggest that the endogenous opioid system is involved in the maintenance of binge eating behavior in patients with bulimia.

TL;DR: Although the younger depressed patients showed increased numbers of delta waves, the middle-aged depressives showed greater average REM count and little statistical relationship between manual measures of slow-wave sleep and automated measures of delta sleep was found.

TL;DR: Electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence (COH) and power measures were included in a series of stepwise discriminant analyses to determine which variables were most sensitive in the differentiation of four psychiatric inpatient groups and two major classes of psychotropic medication.

TL;DR: It is concluded that despite the advances in statistical genetics, the mode of inheritance of schizophrenia remains elusive and alternative methods, such as studies with biological susceptibility traits and genetic markers, may be more useful in unraveling the specific genetic components that underlie the transmission of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The case of a patient with hypertension and a DSM-III diagnosis of major depression, who was successfully treated with captopril, resulting in adequate stabilization of his hypertension and resolution of his depression is described.

TL;DR: A striking seasonal variation of 3H-imipramine binding sites and serotonin uptake in blood platelets is demonstrated in normal controls and depressed patients, with lower values in winter and spring than in summer and fall.

TL;DR: The CSF profiles for patients with mild dementias associated with Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease differed by at least two neurochemical criteria, based on the levels of ACE activity, DOPAC, and HVA per milliliter of CSF.

TL;DR: Age, sex, and end-tidal CO2 levels were identified as the most powerful determinants of CBF, in that order; age-related CBF reduction was found to be most marked in the frontal region and the correlations between CO2 and CBF showed less striking, but significant, regional variations.

TL;DR: The dual hypotheses emerge that bipolar illnesses arise from disorders in calcium-regulated functions and that lithium acts by reversing or counterbalancing the effects of these calcium dysfunctions.