Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 1987"

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that agents that bind to the 5HT-1 receptor can acutely affect the symptoms of OCD patients and suggest that serotonergic neurons may play a role in the pathophysiology, as well as mediating the pharmacological reduction, of obsessional symptoms.

TL;DR: All case reports in the English-language literature for neuroleptic malignant syndrome for 43 variables are analyzed and the results are discussed in light of prior literature, and recommendations are made for future research.

TL;DR: Patients with major affective disorders and anxiety disorders fared the best, with a return to normal functioning in the majority, and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders improved less predictably, with an uneven improvement in functioning that required active ongoing psychiatric treatment.

TL;DR: The increased plasma PLA2 activity in schizophrenics was reduced to the level of the controls after 3 weeks of neuroleptic treatment, and warrant further study for possible implications of this increased PLA1 activity in the etiopathology of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: It was found that seizure threshold was associated with seizure duration and electrical dosage at threshold was not related to magnitude of acute cognitive impairments, suggesting that the degree to which dosage exceeds threshold may be more strongly tied to adverse effects than the absolute dosage administered to patients.

TL;DR: Brain areas that were found to be altered by neuroleptics were selected for comparison between off-medication schizophrenics and controls and metabolic rates tended to be low in patients with schizophrenia in comparison to 24 age- and sex-matched controls.

TL;DR: Seven normal subjects received 0.25 mg/kg D-amphetamine orally, both after an overnight fast and again after a standard breakfast, in spite of substantial amphetamine levels, to assess plasma levels, subjective and cardiovascular effects, and activation ratings.

TL;DR: The preliminary results may suggest the presence of a dopaminergic asymmetry in some unmedicated schizophrenic patients; that is, right anterior subcortical or cortical structures of the brain may manifest a relative dopaminaergic overactivity compared to left anterior structures in at least some un medicated patients with schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The lack of a significant increase in glucose utilization, measured either as a maximum or in relation to other areas in the PET scan slice, suggests that a temporal lobe activation or a seizure-like process is not generally occurring during active depressive phases of the illness.

TL;DR: It is concluded that, as yet, no reliable hormonal 5-HT probe exists and the main problems are nonselectivity of the challengers and noncomparability of individual studies because of variations in dose and route of administration.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the atrophy/aplasia in schizophrenia is not associated with pathologically significant gliosis, suggesting that the structural change in schizophrenic brains is due to an embryonic insult or developmental anomaly of an, as yet, undetermined nature.

TL;DR: It is suggested that diminished sensory gating, like several other psychophysiological abnormalities, is a trait deficit in schizophrenia, but a state deficit in many other mental illnesses.

TL;DR: The present findings suggest that smoking is a risk factor for the development of tardive dyskinesia in chronic psychiatric outpatients and treatment with mecamylamine or other central nicotine antagonists merits investigation.

TL;DR: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the long-acting, orally active narcotic antagonist naltrexone in the promotion of weight loss in obese male subjects who were also undergoing dietary counseling for weight reduction failed to demonstrate an advantage for the active drug.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that brain atrophy may be a risk factor for DIP, and the pattern of cognitive dysfunction associated with DIP in this sample is similar to that found in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

TL;DR: Several lines of evidence suggest that a constellation of electroencephalogram (EEG) monitored sleep abnormalities exists in the vast majority of depressed patients, and that changes in REM or NREM sleep are most pronounced during the first 100-120 min following sleep onset.

TL;DR: The Huckmann number correlated with the duration of illness, as measured by the first episode and the number of episodes, while the comparison between the subgroups of patients yielded higher linear and VBR values in older subjects, in men, and in psychotic subjects.

TL;DR: A very marked decrease in plasma 5-HT levels may be in accord with the central nervous system changes reported in depression and suggests the possibility of using plasma 5 -HT as a peripheral indicator of abnormal serotonin function in melancholia.

TL;DR: The main results are that schizophrenics differ from normals in their correlational pattern of fixation- and movement-related parameters, reflecting two opposite viewing styles in schizophrenics: staring and extensive scanning.

TL;DR: The biological findings suggest that RS 86 was effective only to the extent that it enhanced central cholinergic activity and correlated with improvement on ADAS testing.

TL;DR: Regional cerebral glucose metabolism was measured in five female anorectic patients, during the anorectica state and after weight gain, using the fluorodeoxyglucose method and positron emission tomography and there was no difference between patients after improvement and young male normals.

TL;DR: A significant increase in the desire for "sweets" was observed during a depressive episode, compared to periods when patients recalled feeling well (retrospective data), and during imipramine treatment, no further changes were observed in preference for either "sweet" or carbohydrates when compared to the medication-free period.

TL;DR: Simultaneous measurement of serum DEX and cortisol levels appears to be necessary for the appropriate evaluation of DST results, and this procedure may help explain many of the inconsistencies in recent DST research.

TL;DR: The possibility that the high phospholipid DGLA is connected with low free D GLA pool, and therefore low PGE1 formation, among habitually violent and impulsive male offenders is discussed.

TL;DR: This research includes the assessment of affective consequences of both focal cerebral lesions and pharmacological inactivation of one or the other hemisphere, as well as experimental and physiological techniques assessing differential hemispheric activation.

TL;DR: The mechanism of the suppressive action of bromoctiptine on adrenocorticotrophin secretion in patients with Cushing's disease and Nelson’s syndrome is studied.

TL;DR: Methylene blue at a dose of 15 mg/day appears to be a potent antidepressant, and further clinical evaluation is essential.

TL;DR: Although the data showed a tendency toward an augmented dispersion of the response frequencies in comparison with random variation, the limited sample size of subjects and stress tests did not allow a statistically significant proof of a stimulus-independent, individual response specificity.