Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 1989"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that schizophrenia occurs frequently throughout the course of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and that psychotic symptoms are associated with accelerated cognitive deterioration, but not with increased mortality.

TL;DR: Although sensory gating mechanisms responsible for changes in neuronal response at longer intervals are chronically defective in schizophrenics, other gating mechanism functioning at shorter intervals appear to be intact and function well in most patients.

TL;DR: Results show that the means of melatonin and cortisol values decreased significantly with age when the subjects were divided into three age groups, i.e., 19-25 years, 42-65 years, and 66-89 years, which may indicate a weakened responsiveness of the circadian system in the elderly to the day-night cycle and an altered relationship between the pacemakers driving melatoninand cortisol circadian rhythms.

TL;DR: The blunted ACTH response to CRH in PTSD patients is similar to that seen in other psychiatric disorders, such as depression, panic disorder, and anorexia nervosa.

TL;DR: The affinity of 1-(m-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) for 11 neurotransmitter receptor binding sites was determined in human brain membranes and demonstrates that mCPP displays similar potency for multiple neurotransmitter receptors binding sites in human head.

TL;DR: Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders were compared with matched normal controls on three types of test sensitive to: spatial ability, ability to shift cognitive set, and combinations of both, and performance deficits as compared with controls were shown.

TL;DR: Measurement of the concentration of immunoreactive corticotropinreleasing factor (CRF) in CSF, a new research tool in the investigation of completed suicides, found no differences inCSF cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) in suicides and controls.

TL;DR: It was found that the daily treatments resulted in an enhancement of dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in response to acute footshock, and dopamine metabolism was diminished in the A10 region, and no change was measured in the striatum or A9 region.

TL;DR: Baseline plasma prolactin levels were greater in the groups with higher levels of self-reported aggressiveness and impulsivity, and PRL and cortisol responses to fenfluramine were more strongly correlated with impulsivity than aggressiveness.

TL;DR: It is proposed that abnormalities in both adrenocortical function and behavior are a better marker for chronic stress than abnormalities in either of these systems alone.

TL;DR: Monitoring the neuronal functions of intracerebrally infected but healthy rats with three types of learning experiments found specific learning deficiencies together with subtle behavioral alterations suggesting that BD virus causes certain modulations of high integrative brain functions which are only detectable under experimental conditions.

TL;DR: Patients with schizophrenia had significantly greater metabolic activity in the left than the right anterior temporal lobe, and the extent of this lateralization was in proportion to the severity of psychopathology.

TL;DR: Although their biochemical response in terms of plasma large neutral amino acid concentrations was identical, SAD patients reported activation following carbohydrate ingestion, whereas normal controls reported sedation.

TL;DR: The effect of neuroleptic drugs on attention asymmetries in acutely psychotic patients admitted for the first time to a psychiatric hospital before the initiation of drug treatment and again after a period of treatment with neuroleptics suggests that neuroleeping may normalize left hemisphere performance, at the expense of deteriorated right hemisphere performance.

TL;DR: A naturalistic strategy was used to examine mechanisms relating childhood parental loss and the development of adult affective illness and found that among subjects with early parental loss histories, those who developed adult psychiatric illness had increased resting plasma levels of cortisol and beta-endorphin as compared with subjects withEarly loss and no adult history of psychiatric illness.

TL;DR: A rationale for this approach is that many opioid abusers report a somewhat dysphoric experience when using cocaine by itself, but they find that mixing an opioid agonist such as methadone or heroin with the cocaine-a “speedball”-is quite pleasant and reinforcing.

TL;DR: It is suggested that an enhancement in striatal DA efflux may play an important role in MAP-induced behavioral sensitization and cross-sensitization to cocaine.

TL;DR: MRI brain scans were performed on schizophrenic patients, bipolar affective patients, and normal control subjects without medical or psychiatric illness and gender differences were shown in the genu to splenium ratio in the control groups, but not the affective or schizophrenic groups.

TL;DR: This study does not establish Efamol as an effective treatment but heuristic data scrutiny suggested possible interaction (sequence effect) and further study with a different design and dose is suggested.

TL;DR: Findings suggest a brain processing disturbance in positive symptom schizophrenia that may be reflected by electrophysiological abnormalities detectable in the temporal scalp region.

TL;DR: In GAD patients, higher levels of catecholamines may lead to a down-regulation of presynaptic alpha2-adrenoreceptors, and noradrenergic activity seems to be increased in patients with GAD, but not in Patients with MDD.

TL;DR: Various lines of animal research are drawn upon in an attempt to explain how disturbances in one or another of these systems may produce compulsive behavior.

TL;DR: The results confirm those obtained by earlier investigations and suggest that increased coherence reflects the presence of anomalous cortical organization in schizophrenics rather than medication effects or transient states related to acute clinical disturbance.

TL;DR: Cross-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was used to evaluate reactivity of a gamma G immunoglobulin (IgG) fraction from serum of schizophrenic patients and nonschizophrenic control subjects with homogenates of tissues of septal region, hippocampus, vermal cerebellum, frontal cortex, and liver of rhesus monkeys.

TL;DR: The 80% response rate in reduced REM latency depressed patients confirms the previous findings in a mixed inpatient and outpatient sample and contradicts the hypothesis that endogenous depression was not associated with a good response to tricyclic medication.

TL;DR: It is indicated that GHB is efficacious for reducing the frequency of cataplexy attacks and subjective nocturnal arousals in patients with narcolepsy within the first 4 weeks of treatment.

TL;DR: Findings may provide further evidence for basal ganglia GABA dysfunction in tardive dyskinesia, as well as demonstrate oculomotor abnormalities in schizophrenic individuals.

TL;DR: Delayed pituitary hormone response to LRF and TRF in patients with anorexia nervosa and with secondary amenorrhea associated with simple weight loss are studied.