Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 1990"

TL;DR: Comparison of old controls versus AD patients revealed that rest-activity rhythm was markedly disturbed in many of the AD patients and tended to be correlated with the severity of the dementia; disturbances were most pronounced in subjects using sedating drugs; and rest- activity monitors offer a practical and fruitful approach for the study of circadian rhythms in humans.

TL;DR: Thirty-two sets of monozygotic twins reared apart since shortly after birth were interviewed separately and blindly using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for presence of DSM-III Axis I psychiatric disorders and antisocial personality.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured 24-hr cortisol and catecholamine excretion in ambulatory Vietnam veteran PTSD patients and mentally healthy combat controls and found that increased cortisol excretion is a classic component of stress response.

TL;DR: Findings of altered immunity provide further evidence that the physiological responses in chronic stress parallel those found in the syndrome of depression.

TL;DR: The 5HT2 receptor has been studied using quantitative tritium film autoradiography in the postmortem frontal cortex of 15 cases suffering from major depression and controls, matched for age, gender, postmortem delay, and storage time.

TL;DR: These bipolar patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder proved to have significant levels of diffusely represented cognitive impairment when compared with controls, and the degree of impairment was significantly correlated with reduction in midsagittal areas of brain structures measured on magnetic resonance imaging scans.

TL;DR: The pattern of diminished response to the second of paired auditory stimuli is found in activity recorded from the CA3 region of the hippocampus of anesthetized rats, suggesting that the rat hippocampus may contain neurons that can be used to study the neurobiology of sensory gating.

TL;DR: Increased platelet 5HT2 receptors in depression, but much more so in depressed patients with suicidal ideation or attempts is indicated.

TL;DR: It is suggested that altered serotonergic function is associated with assaultiveness and dysphoria but not impulsivity in individuals with ASP, and the prolactin responses showed a significant inverse correlation with measures of assaultive aggression and hypophoria.

TL;DR: The binding of this ligand to brain tissue taken at autopsy has demonstrated a decreased density of GABA uptake sites in the hippocampus in schizophrenia, providing a link between neuropathology, evidence of laterality, and the dopamine hypothesis of the disease.

TL;DR: Increased serum PLA2 activity might reflect an increment in the intracellular enzyme activity in schizophrenia, and the possibility that PLA2-induced mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia should be investigated.

TL;DR: The increases in autonomic activity of PTSD subjects was more pronounced and long lasting in response to the combat film than to the noncombat film, but type of film had no systematic effect on control subjects' responses.

TL;DR: It is shown that some cases of TD respond to o~-tocopherol (vitamin E), a free radical scavenging agent, and that patients on neuroleptics had higher concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes, and phenaw.

TL;DR: It is concluded that studies of the effects of kindling on emotional behavior may offer a model of how limbic seizures in humans increase the vulnerability of patients to external precipitants of psychopathology, including anxiety and depression.

TL;DR: The impaired HPA response following 5-HT1A receptor challenge in unipolar depression could have resulted from glucocorticoid-dependent subsensitivity of the (post-synaptic) 5- HT1A receptors itself and/or from a defective postreceptor signaling pathway [inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gi)-adenylate cyclase complex function], thus supporting the hypothesis that a disintegrated 5/HPA system interaction may be present in depression.

TL;DR: The effects of age and gender on central nervous system (CNS) serotonergic responsivity were assessed with a neuroendocrine challenge test in 30 normal adults and the finding of greater prolactin release in women than in men probably reflects the effects of nonserotonergic modulatory influences at the level of the lactotroph.

TL;DR: Findings demonstrate that hypofrontality has important implications for cognitive function in some schizophrenic individuals and is associated with neuropsychological impairment on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Luria-Nebraska Battery.

TL;DR: Data is reviewed suggesting that the endocrine problems is, at least in part, neural in nature, and some models by which this can occur are suggested.

TL;DR: Research published in the past decade that used quantitative indices to evaluate the waking EEG characteristics of depressed patients is reviewed and quantitative EEG differences that may distinguish depressed subject samples from those with other psychiatric disorders are considered.

TL;DR: The results suggest that many schizophrenics have difficulty suppressing reflexive saccades and initiating and executing appropriate volitional saccading when the goal for the movements is known but not visible.

TL;DR: It is concluded that progressive ventricular enlargement after onset of illness does occur in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients characterized by a chronic or deteriorating clinical course.

TL;DR: This study administered double-breath inhalation of 35% CO2 and 65% oxygen to panic disorder patients, social phobics, and normal controls and found significant group differences in anxiety level, physiological measures, or biochemical measures in response to CO2 breathing compared with room air breathing.

TL;DR: Schizophrenia-like psychoses did not occur at random; they were significantly associated with lesions that originated in the fetus or perinatally, affected neurons in the medial temporal lobe, and gave an early age of first fit.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the abnormally low P36 response to attended target stimuli found in ADHD boys may be due in part to insufficient LC noradrenergic activity normally triggered by attended task-relevant or novel stimuli.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that the inverse association between smoking and IPD may apply to NIP, and that smokers had significantly higher dosage of neuroleptics during the month prior to evaluation and longer exposure to medication than nonsmokers.

TL;DR: Rats may become tolerant to the anorectic effects of CRH delivered by repeated icv injections, and these findings have important implications for hypothesized mechanisms of anorexia nervosa and/or depression.

TL;DR: The most striking findings were focal abnormalities in the temporal lobes: areas of abnormal signal activity, and asymmetric atrophy of the temporal lobe occurred mostly on the right side, implicated the limbic system and may prove to be of particular relevance in panic and phobic disorders.

TL;DR: The data suggest that the mechanism of action of imipramine in this model is an increase in functional activity at dopamine (DA) synapses in rats subjected chronically to mild, unpredictable stressors.