Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 1992"

TL;DR: An association between reduced HF volume, memory dysfunction, and elevated cortisol in patients with CS is suggested.

TL;DR: The results are consistent with the hypothesis that nicotinic cholinergic neurotransmission may mediate a familial psychophysiological deficit in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: It is suggested that different types of gender-specific neurodevelopmental abnormalities may occur in affective versus schizophrenic psychosis, which may reflect the effects of hormonal influences on brain development in predisposed individuals.

TL;DR: Results from studies in depression, Parkinson's disease, and animal models of depression suggest a deficiency of dopamine in depression.

TL;DR: The results suggest that schizophrenics have impaired central inhibitory mechanisms over a fairly broad range of background noise to prepulse ratios, and further studies are needed to clarify exactly which ratios are optimal in eliciting prepulse inhibition (PPI).

TL;DR: Depressed patients were significantly impaired in the recognition of affect in the facial, but not verbal, expressions, and the relevance of the observed perceptual deficit in depressed patients to the pathophysiology and symptomatology of depression is discussed.

TL;DR: A model for MCS based on olfactory-limbic system dysfunction that overlaps in part with Post's kindling model for affective disorders is developed and raises testable neurobiological hypotheses that could increase understanding of the multifactorial etiology of MCS and of certain overlapping affective spectrum disorders.

TL;DR: In this article, a recent nonverbal memory deficit was identified in the patients with OCD and it was found that OCD patients score more poorly than controls when speed is a factor, but it is unclear whether this deficit is attributable to the nonverbal memories and/or speed deficits.

TL;DR: The size of the pons and fourth ventricle did not differ between cases and controls, although autistic subjects were noted to have a significantly larger MSBA than subjects in either control group and after multivariate analysis adjusting for mid-sagittal brain area, age, and IQ.

TL;DR: Interindividual differences were highly stable, with significant correlations both within and between years for each of the three metabolites and cortisol.

TL;DR: In this paper, a choice-reaction-time paradigm had two sets of instructions, for intensity discrimination and for number (single versus paired stimulus) discrimination, recorded from normal young adult subjects.

TL;DR: The developmental role of dopamine D2 receptors in the control of neurite outgrowth has been investigated by quantitating the morphological response of cortical neurons to agonist stimulation in vitro and blocked by the D2 receptor antagonists eticlopride and spiperone.

TL;DR: Findings need further evaluation by serial scans over a longer time period before it can be determined that no progression of brain structural abnormalities is occurring as part of the pathology of schizophrenia, even in a subgroup of patients.

TL;DR: Self-report ratings of depression, anger, anxiety, and confusion were significantly lower, and ratings of vigor significantly higher following the cold pressor test in the BPD-NP group, but not in theBPD-P group.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the density and affinity of alpha 2A-adrenoceptors in the high-affinity state are increased in the brain of depressed suicides.

TL;DR: Two patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are reported that the frontal lobe, caudate nucleus, and globus pallidus are members of a complex circuit that plays a key role in mediating the symptoms of OCD.

TL;DR: The recently developed antidepressants such as fluvoxamine acting specifically on the serotonergic system may be effective in treating primary negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Results with dexamethasone suggest that the DST in humans may primarily be a measure of type-II adrenal steroid receptor feedback inhibition at the level of the pituitary.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the FSL rats exhibit behaviors consistent with their being an animal model of depression, whereas the FH rats exhibit features consistent with them being anAnimal model of both depression and alcoholism.

TL;DR: Excluding cases tested in the summer abolished the statistically significant differences in patients with and without comorbid borderline personality disorder (BPD).

TL;DR: It is suggested that bright light might produce benefits for patients with nonseasonal depression, and bright light should not be recommended for routine clinical application before additional assessments with longer treatment durations are done.

TL;DR: Levels of acute phase and other plasma proteins were measured in 21 men with major depression, 28 men with alcohol dependence, and 12 men who acted as controls to provide further evidence for an inflammatory response during depression.

TL;DR: This study replicates the alleviation of jet-lag with melatonin in a simplified protocol for eastward flight and significantly discriminated between melatonin and placebo for global treatment efficacy, morning fatigue, and evening sleepiness.

TL;DR: In three experiments in rats, CMS-induced decreases in sucrose consumption were reversed by three to four twice-weekly injections of quinpirole or bromocriptine, and intermittent administration of DA agonists merits investigation as a novel strategy for the treatment of depression.

TL;DR: The findings question the validity of the concept of hypofrontality as an explanation for schizophrenic symptomatology and the study of psychoactive substances under controlled laboratory conditions has the methodological advantage of intraindividual control, and hence, minimal variability of data.

TL;DR: Differences between research diagnostic criteria (RDC)-diagnosed acute and chronic schizophrenics and normal controls were studied using a Kamin blocking procedure, and acute, but not chronic, schizophrenics showed disrupted blocking.

TL;DR: Seven patients with bipolar disorder, characterized by dysphoric mania with psychotic features and chronic disability, refractory to standard treatments and anticonvulsants, all showed marked symptomatic and functional improvement when given the atypical antipsychotic clozapine.

TL;DR: Examining the DRD2 TaqI RFLP in 47 living Caucasian males with severe alcoholism found only 9/47 (19%) of these alcoholics had the AI allele compared to 14/22 (64%) reported by Blum et al. (1990), which does not support an association between alcoholism and the D2 dopamine receptor gene in this population.

TL;DR: Physical and dynamic aspects of the electroencephalogram were evaluated in schizophrenic patients and matched healthy control subjects and indicate more dynamic complexity or variables determining the dynamics of brain processes in frontal areas in patients.