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Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 2000"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A first placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial to assess the treatment effects of a single dose of an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist in patients with depression suggests a potential role for NMDA receptor-modulating drugs in the treatment of depression.

3,039 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings implicate interconnected neural circuits in which pathologic patterns of neurotransmission may result in the emotional, motivational, cognitive, and behavioral manifestations of primary and secondary affective disorders.

1,280 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Chronic treatment and clinical response to fluoxetine was associated with a reciprocal pattern of subcortical and limbic decreases and cortical increases, which suggests a process of adaptation in specific brain regions over time in response to sustained serotonin reuptake inhibition.

1,083 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work provides the first evidence for exaggerated amygdala responses to general negative stimuli in PTSD by using a probe that emphasizes automaticity and provides initial evidence of amygdala hyperresponsivity dissociated from the "top-down" influences of medial frontal cortex.

1,054 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Postmortem studies in major depression and bipolar disorder provide the first evidence for specific neuronal and glial histopathology in mood disorders and a link between cellular changes and the action of therapeutic drugs is discussed.

799 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that generation of new neurons in the hippocampus may be an important neurobiologic element underlying the clinical effects of electroconvulsive seizures.

731 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current knowledge about how hippocampal neurons die during insults is reviewed, focusing on issues related to the trafficking of glutamate and calcium, glutamate receptor subtypes, oxygen radical generation, programmed cell death, and neuronal defenses.

680 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of signal transduction cascades that control neuronal atrophy and programmed cell death and that may be involved in the action of antidepressant treatment and the failure of neuronal plasticity in stress-related mood disorders are discussed.

652 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Assessment of clinical, family, psychopharmacologic, neurobiological, and outcome studies found multiple reports describing adults with clinical features highly reminiscent of the childhood ADHD, suggesting converging lines of evidence support the validity of ADHD in adults.

650 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is important to appreciate how hippocampal dysfunction may play a role in the symptoms of the psychiatric illness and, from a therapeutic standpoint, to distinguish between a permanent loss of cells and a reversible remodeling to develop treatment strategies to prevent or reverse deficits.

635 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings of a markedly increased risk forMajor depression in persons with PTSD, but not in exposed persons without PTSD, do not support the hypothesis that PTSD and major depression in trauma victims are influenced by separate vulnerabilities.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study suggests a possible role of altered glutamatergic neurotransmission within the anterior cingulate in the pathogenesis of mood disorders.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated changes in absolute regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after treatment with 1- and 20-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for possible therapeutic effects in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Individual differences in maternal care are transmitted from mother to daughter, providing a mechanism for the behavioral transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The historical and genetic foundations of the current understanding of schizophrenia are reviewed, as are the present and future directions for research, and genetic and environmental components of the disorder are examined.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Children with low socioeconomic status present significantly higher salivary cortisol levels than children with high socioeconomic status, and this socioeconomic status effect emerges as early as age 6, and a child's cortisol level is significantly correlated with his or her mother's extent of depressive symptomatology.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preclinical studies of early stress can provide valuable insights in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of major depression and can provide an important tool to use to investigate interactions between genes and environments in determining an individual's sensitivity to stress.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aberrant WM performance and brain activation in schizophrenia may reflect dysfunction of frontostriatal circuitry that subserves WM, and the contribution of the anatomical components of this circuitry to WM deficits is elucidated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Neuropsychologic findings with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery indicate widely distributed deficits in cognitive domains subserved by temporal, parietal, and frontostriatal systems in bipolar patients during mixed/manic states of illness.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy modulates both biological and psychosocial factors to mitigate patients' circadian and sleep-wake cycle vulnerabilities, improve overall functioning, and better manage the potential chaos of bipolar disorder symptomatology.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings indicate that certain somatoform and pathologic grooming conditions are part of the familial OCD spectrum, though other "spectrum" conditions may resemble OCD, and they do not appear to be important parts of the family spectrum.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preliminary findings suggest an association between 5-HTT allelic constitution and in vivo measurements of human serotonin transporter availability, and a potentially selective susceptibility of ll-homozygous individuals to the neurotoxic effects of chronic excessive alcohol consumption.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Combining MRI studies with functional studies has the potential to localize abnormalities in blood flow, metabolism, and neurotransmitter receptors and provide a better integrated model of depression.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Vagus nerve stimulation appears to be a promising new somatic intervention that may improve the understanding of brain function and has promise in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings lend support to the concept that emotion recognition is uniquely associated in schizophrenia with core symptomatology and cognitive domains, as well as with healthy control subjects on computerized tasks of emotion and age recognition.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Daily left prefrontal TMS for 2 weeks significantly reduced depression symptoms greater than did sham and active TMS subjects had significantly greater improvement on the Beck Depression Inventory as well as the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These findings support the hypothesis of right-sided anterior cortical activation during anxiety and indicate that the combination of EEG and heart rate changes during anticipation account for substantial variance in reported negative affect.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These findings are interpreted within a model in which sadness and anxiety are represented by segregated corticolimbic pathways, where a major role is played by selective dorsal cortical deactivations during sadness, and ventral cortical deactivateations in anxiety.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder children appear to have an abnormality in an early-latency, right inferior frontal processing component critical to the initiation of normal response-inhibition operations.