Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 2007"

TL;DR: Eating disorders, although relatively uncommon, represent a public health concern because they are frequently associated with other psychopathology and role impairment, and are frequently under-treated.

TL;DR: The findings provide cross-modality confirmation of PET studies demonstrating increased thalamic and subgenual cingulate activity in major depression and suggest that a quantitative, resting-state fMRI measure could be used to guide therapy in individual subjects.

TL;DR: Transcranial magnetic stimulation was effective in treating major depression with minimal side effects reported and offers clinicians a novel alternative for the treatment of this disorder.

TL;DR: Oxytocin improves the ability to infer the mental state of others from social cues of the eye region, and might play a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by severe social impairment.

TL;DR: Strong Axis I comorbidity raises questions about the somewhat arbitrary separation of PDs from Axis I disorders in the DSM nomenclature, and the impairment findings suggest that the main public health significance ofPDs lies in their effects onAx I disorders rather than in their effect on functioning.

TL;DR: Results support the involvement of the human hippocampus as well as vmPFC in the recall of extinction memory and provide a paradigm for future investigations of fronto-temporal function during extinction recall in psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder.

TL;DR: Evidence on sex differences in brain structure, chemistry, and function using imaging methodologies in mentally healthy individuals is evaluated to delineate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlyingsex differences in neuropsychiatric disorders and to guide the development of sex-specific treatments for these devastating brain disorders.

TL;DR: Depressed individuals also display decreased relationships between amygdala and DLPFC activity, potentially signifying decreased functional relationships among these structures, though these may reflect separate mechanisms.

TL;DR: A modulatory role of oxytocin on amygdala responses to facial expressions irrespective of their valence is suggested, which might reflect reduced uncertainty about the predictive value of a social stimulus and thereby facilitates social approach behavior.

TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analysis including all regions across all studies indicated global reductions for ADHD subjects compared with control subjects, standardized mean difference =.408, p Conclusions This meta analysis provides a quantitative analysis of neuroanatomical abnormalities in ADHD and information can be used to guide future studies.

TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that oxytocin might facilitate social information processing in those with autism and provide preliminary support for the use of Oxytocin in the treatment of autism.

TL;DR: This study suggests that glutamate plays a role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and major depression.

TL;DR: Findings provide evidence of amygdala-OFC dysfunction in response to an ecologically-valid social threat signal (processing angry faces) in individuals with a history of impulsive aggressive behavior, and further substantiate a link between a dysfunctional cortico-limbic network and aggression.

TL;DR: In adults without diagnosable psychopathology, childhood maltreatment is associated with diminished HPA axis response to a psychosocial stressor.

TL;DR: Robust patterns of over- and under-connectivity are apparent at distinct spatial and temporal scales in ASD subjects in the eyes closed resting state.

TL;DR: Prazosin is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for trauma nightmares, sleep disturbance and global clinical status in veterans with chronic PTSD.

TL;DR: Gender differences in depression-related behaviors in BDNF conditional knockout mice provide direct evidence for a role of BDNF in depression and support the view that forebrain BDNF may be essential in mediating antidepressant efficacy.

TL;DR: These findings provide neural evidence that symptoms of ADHD, and impulsivity or hyperactivity in particular, may involve diminished reward anticipation, in addition to commonly observed executive dysfunction.

TL;DR: The histone deacetylase inhibitor SB exerts antidepressant-like effects in the mouse and the therapeutic benefits and molecular actions of histone modifying drugs, including co-treatment with SSRIs and other newer generation antidepressant medications, warrant further exploration in experimental models.

TL;DR: Convergent structural, functional, and lesion findings from separate groups of subjects suggest that dACC mediates or modulates fear expression in humans, and implicate this territory as a potential target for future anti-anxiety therapies.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the inhibition circuitry in the autism group is activated atypically and is less synchronized, leaving inhibition to be accomplished by strategic control rather than automatically.

TL;DR: The study confirms the association of Val66Met to substance-related disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia and investigates whether other variants in tight linkage disequilibrium with Val 66Met could configure an extended functional haplotype that would explain observed discrepancies in risk estimations across studies.

TL;DR: Significant increased hypothalamic volume in cases and nonpsychotic relatives, particularly in regions of paraventricular and mammillary body nuclei, respectively is demonstrated, which was linear from simplex to multiplex cases, was positively correlated with anxiety, and had a greater propensity in women.

TL;DR: Public domain data from Food and Drug Administration Phase II and III clinical trials as Summary Basis of Approval reports that noted seizure incidence in trials of psychotropic drugs approved in the United States between 1985 and 2004 were accessed.

TL;DR: These findings suggest that whereas subjects scoring low on psychopathy have emotional biases toward cooperation that can only be overcome with effortful cognitive control, subjects scoring high on Psychopathy have an opposing bias toward defection that likewise can only been overcome with cognitive effort.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined self-reported psychiatric symptoms in a large sample (N = 681) of prediagnosed individuals who show the gene expansion for HD (expansion-positive) compared with a sample of individuals who do not show gene expansion but are at risk for HD, and found that expansion-positive individuals reported significantly more psychiatric symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsiveness) than expansion-negative individuals.

TL;DR: D-cycloserine augmentation has the potential to increase the efficiency, palatability, and overall effectiveness of standard exposure therapy for OCD.

TL;DR: Adults with AD have sensorimotor gating deficits similar to other neurodevelopmental disorders, implicating a failure of normal inhibitory regulation of sensory, motor, and attentional mechanisms.

TL;DR: Structural MRI measurements of anterior cingulate cortex could provide a useful predictor of antidepressant treatment response as well as brain structure and function measured in patients with major depression immediately before 8 weeks treatment with fluoxetine.

TL;DR: URB597 exerts antidepressant-like effects in a highly specific and predictive animal model of depression and these effects may depend on the ability of URB597 to enhance anandamide signaling in select regions of the brain.