Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 2008"

TL;DR: Findings demonstrate the differential efficacy of reappraisal and suppression on emotional experience, facial behavior, and neural response and highlight intriguing differences in the temporal dynamics of these two emotion regulation strategies.

TL;DR: Findings provide strong evidence to suggest that serum BDNF levels are abnormally low in patients suffering from major depressive disorder and that the BDNF Levels are elevated following a course of antidepressant treatment.

TL;DR: Subanesthetic doses of ketamine treatment caused acute and sustained antidepressant-like effects and at these doses, ketamine did not impair fear memory retention and NMDA antagonists might exert rapid antidepressant- like effects by enhancing AMPA relative to NMDA throughput in critical neuronal circuits.

TL;DR: These findings provide the first evidence of establishment of an inflammatory syndrome in schizophrenia, which refutes the current hypothesis of a Th2 slant.

TL;DR: This study suggests that DBS is relatively safe and provides significant improvement in patients with TRD and likely acts by modulating brain networks whose dysfunction leads to depression.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that exaggerated emotional reactivity during adolescence might increase the need for top-down control and put individuals with less control at greater risk for poor outcomes.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the long-range connections linking dorsal anterior cingulates to posterior cingulate and precuneus should be considered as a candidate locus of dysfunction in ADHD.

TL;DR: Support is provided for the association of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and amygdala activation and it is suggested that this locus may account for up to 10% of phenotypic variance and most studies to date are nevertheless lacking in statistical power.

TL;DR: Oxytocin increases gaze specifically toward the eye region of human faces, which may be one mechanism by which oxytocin enhances emotion recognition, interpersonal communication, and social approach behavior in humans.

TL;DR: This study expands on previous meta-analyses of the neuroanatomy of schizophrenia by elucidating a series of brain networks disrupted by the illness by performing a voxelwise, coordinate-based meta-analysis.

TL;DR: Evidence indicating that the cerebellum plays a role in higher cortical functions is summarized and evidence indicating that cerebellar abnormalities occur in schizophrenia is reviewed to suggest interesting directions for future research.

TL;DR: This study examined the different predictive relationships between NP domains, functional competence, social competence, symptoms, and real-world behavior in domains of work skills, interpersonal relationships, and community activities.

TL;DR: A model is proposed where the observed reduction in limbic system activity is essential for the initiation of the stress response, and suggests elevated activation at rest and during nonstressful situations.

TL;DR: These findings indicate that the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is associated with biological stress reactivity, which may increase susceptibility to depression in the face of stressful life events.

TL;DR: Activated microglia are present in schizophrenia patients within the first 5 years of disease onset, which suggests that, in this period, neuronal injury is present and that neuronal damage may be involved in the loss of gray matter associated with this disease.

TL;DR: Left-right DLPFC imbalance is characterized in neuropsychological regard, which bridges the gap from resting metabolism and therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation effects to functional neuroanatomy of altered emotional-cognitive interaction in MDD.

TL;DR: It is suggested that hippocampal neurogenesis might be used by the monoaminergic ADs to counteract the effects of stress, whereas similar effects could be achieved by directly targeting the HPA axis and related neuropeptides.

TL;DR: It is suggested that even in the absence of excess adrenocortical output, stress brings about functional resistance to glucocorticoids in monocytes, which enables activation of pro-inflammatory transcription control pathways.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that glial ablation in the PFC is sufficient to induce depressive-like behaviors similar to chronic stress and support the hypothesis that loss of glia contributes to the core symptoms of depression.

TL;DR: Combined experimental and computational approaches hold the promise of allowing a detailed mechanistic understanding of how DA alters information processing in normal and pathological conditions, thereby potentially providing new routes for the development of pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The data suggest that adjunctive NAC has potential as a safe and moderately effective augmentation strategy for chronic schizophrenia.

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of DCS-augmented fear extinction and exposure therapy literature suggests that DCS is a useful target for translational research on augmenting exposure-based treatment via compounds that impact neuroplasticity.

TL;DR: Although unmedicated depressed individuals have the capacity to experience positive arousal and recruit NAcc activation during gain anticipation, they also exhibit increased anterior cingulate cortex activation, suggestive of increased conflict during anticipation of gains, in addition to showing reduced discrimination of gain versus nongain outcomes.

TL;DR: These results suggest multiple sources of dysregulation in emotional and cognitive control circuitry in depression, implicating both top-down and bottom-up dysfunction.

TL;DR: NAC appears a safe and effective augmentation strategy for depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder.

TL;DR: It is indicated that risk for epilepsy in autism is a function of ID severity and distinguishes autism associated with epilepsy as a subgroup of autism by its male-female ratio.

TL;DR: The basic science presentation and the breakout group discussion on the topic of perception from the first CNTRICS meeting, held in Bethesda, Maryland on February 26 and 27, 2007 are described.

TL;DR: A new subclassification of white matter lesions is suggested that might have better etiological and functional relevance than the current simple dichotomization and might contribute to reducing the heterogeneity ofwhite matter lesion findings in future research.

TL;DR: Despite initially promising results, the COMT Val158/108Met polymorphism appears to have little if any association with cognitive function and publication bias may hamper attempts to understand the genetic basis of psychological functions and psychiatric disorders.

TL;DR: The DRD4 gene may be associated with measures of novelty seeking and impulsivity but not extraversion, and the association of the C-521T variant with these measures, if genuine, may account for up to 3% of phenotypic variance.