Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 2010"

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of studies measuring cytokine concentration in patients with major depression reports significantly higher concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 in depressed subjects compared with control subjects, strengthening evidence that depression is accompanied by activation of the IRS.

TL;DR: Depression without CVD is associated with reducedHRV, which decreases with increasing depression severity, most apparent with nonlinear measures of HRV, highlighting that antidepressant medications might not have HRV-mediated cardioprotective effects and the need to identify individuals at risk among patients in remission.

TL;DR: It is shown that chronic and unpredictable maternal separation induces depressive-like behaviors and alters the behavioral response to aversive environments in the separated animals when adult, highlighting the negative impact of early stress on behavioral responses across generations and on the regulation of DNA methylation in the germline.

TL;DR: The results strengthen the clinical evidence that AD is accompanied by an inflammatory response, particularly higher peripheral concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β,IL-12 and IL-18 and higher CSF concentrations of T GF-β.

TL;DR: This study provides the first evidence that oxytocin nasal spray improves emotion recognition in young people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders.

TL;DR: By deriving a unique formula that converts doses to chlorpromazine or haloperidol equivalents, this study can compare otherwise dissimilar drugs and provide a cumulative quantitative measure of lifetime exposure.

TL;DR: Consideration of the early life programming and transcriptional regulation in adult exposures supports a critical need to understand epigenetic mechanisms as a critical determinant in disease predisposition.

TL;DR: Attention Bias Modification Treatment shows promise as a novel treatment for anxiety, and the precise role for ABMT in the broader anxiety-disorder therapeutic armamentarium should be considered.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate antidepressant and antianhedonic effects of DBS to the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in patients suffering from very resistant forms of depression (treatment-resistant depression [TRD]), not responding to pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

TL;DR: Though the level of risk is less than that with the APOE4 allele, the high prevalence of these disorders may result in substantial increases in future incidence of AD.

TL;DR: The activation profile described represents a neuropathological alteration in a sizeable fraction of cases with autism, and microglial activation may play a central role in the pathogenesis of autism in a substantial proportion of patients.

TL;DR: These pilot findings suggest feasibility of repeated-dose IV ketamine for the acute treatment of TRD and change from baseline in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score.

TL;DR: Before any manifestations of cognitive or behavioral changes, there were differences in resting state connectivity in cognitively normal subjects with brain amyloid deposition, suggesting that early manifestation of Abeta toxicity can be detected using resting state fMRI.

TL;DR: Cognitive abnormalities associated with ECT are mainly limited to the first 3 days posttreatment, and Pretreatment functioning levels are subsequently recovered.

TL;DR: Behavioral, neuroimaging, and computational findings relevant to the hypothesis that individuals with a dysfunction in a specialized network of brain regions are unable to exploit affective information to guide behavior are reviewed.

TL;DR: Combining two measures of brain connectivity provides more comprehensive descriptions of altered brain connectivity underlying schizophrenia, as patients show deficits in white matter anatomy, but functional connectivity alterations are more complex.

TL;DR: These findings provide further support to the phospholipid hypothesis of depression and a rationale for using n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as an alternative treatment for depression, and future studies examining specific roles of DHA and EPA in different clusters of depressive symptoms are warranted.

TL;DR: Investigation of the effect of an experimental inflammatory challenge on the neural correlates of anhedonia demonstrated that inflammation alters reward-related neural responding in humans and that these reward- related neural responses mediate the effects of inflammation on depressed mood.

TL;DR: Substantial overlap is found in the underlying brain morphologic abnormalities in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in subcortical structures, and between schizophrenia andipolar disorder Type 1 in the cerebral cortex.

TL;DR: A highly consistent pattern of Glx-level reductions in major depressive disorder and elevations in bipolar disorder is found and these patterns suggest that the glutamate-related metabolite pool is constricted in major depressed disorder and expanded inipolar disorder.

TL;DR: Data indicate that impulsivity is a behavioral endophenotype mediating risk for stimulant dependence that may be exacerbated by chronic drug exposure, whereas abnormal sensation-seeking is more likely to be an effect of stimulant drug abuse.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the insula and dACC are important substrates of smoking relapse vulnerability and suggest that relapse-vulnerable smokers can be identified before quit attempts, which could enable personalized treatment, improve tobacco-dependence treatment outcomes, and reduce smoking-related morbidity and mortality.

TL;DR: These data demonstrate that YKL-40, a putative indicator of neuroinflammation, is elevated in AD and, together with Aβ42, has potential prognostic utility as a biomarker for preclinical AD.

TL;DR: Results are the first to describe plasma OT levels in new fathers and mothers across the transition to parenthood in relation to maternal and paternal typical parenting behaviors and may provide a normative basis for the study of parenting under conditions of high risk.

TL;DR: The most robust gray matter reductions in bipolar disorder occur in anterior limbic regions, which may be related to the executive control and emotional processing abnormalities seen in this patient population.

TL;DR: Results indicate that glutamate transport and cystine-glutamate exchange may be coregulated and provide further evidence that targeting glutamate homeostasis is a potential method for treating cocaine relapse.

TL;DR: This pilot study suggests that DBS of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum region is a promising therapy of last resort for carefully selected cases of severe and intractable OCD.

TL;DR: Smaller hippocampal volume in adolescents at high risk for depression suggests that it may be a vulnerability marker for the illness, potentially increasing the risk for depressive disorder.

TL;DR: Prenatal cortisol exposure, indexed by amniotic fluid levels, negatively predicted cognitive ability in the infant, independent of prenatal, obstetric, and socioeconomic factors and is dependent on the quality of the mother-infant relationship.