Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 2012"

TL;DR: The present results might suggest that limbic hyperresponsiveness and reduced hippocampal volumes could be mediators between the experiences of adversities during childhood and the development of emotional disorders.

TL;DR: Reported antidepressant efficacy of different left DLPFC TMS sites is related to the anticorrelation of each site with the subgenual cingulate, potentially lending insight into the antidepressant mechanism of TMS and suggesting a role for intrinsically anticorrelated networks in depression.

TL;DR: This study replicated the previous finding that patients with bipolar depression who received a single ketamine infusion experienced a rapid and robust antidepressant response, and found that ketamine rapidly improved suicidal ideation in these patients.

TL;DR: Dissociation between anterior and posterior functional connectivity in resting-state DMNs of first-episode, treatment-naive young adults with MDD is reported, providing new evidence for the importance of the DMN in the pathophysiology of MDD and suggesting that abnormal DMN activity may be an MDD trait.

TL;DR: These experiments demonstrate that extended alcohol self-administration produces habit-like responding and that response control shifts from the DMS to the DLS across the course of training.

TL;DR: It is suggested that abnormal spindle generation impairs sleep-dependent memory consolidation in schizophrenia, contributes to positive symptoms, and is a promising novel target for the treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that expression of the BDNF Met allele in mice results in basal synaptic deficits and blocks synaptogenic and antidepressant actions of ketamine in PFC, suggesting that the therapeutic response to this drug might be attenuated or blocked in depressed patients who carry the loss of function Met allele.

TL;DR: Risk-benefit analyses support further research of ketamine for individuals with severe mood disorders, but given the paucity of randomized controlled trials, lack of an active placebo, limited data on long-term outcomes, and potential risks, ketamine administration is not recommended outside of the hospital setting.

TL;DR: Results indicate that peripheral and genetic markers of the extended OT pathway are interrelated and underpin core behaviors associated with human parenting and social engagement, and may have important implications for understanding neuropsychiatric disorders marked by early social dysfunctions.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the neural circuitry supporting fear learning and regulation may mediate the influence of anxiety upon choice and suggest that techniques for altering fear and anxiety may also change decisions.

TL;DR: The enhanced connectivity within reward-motivation regions and their decreased connectivity with regions from the default-mode and dorsal attention networks suggest impaired interactions between control and reward pathways in ADHD that might underlie attention and motivation deficits in ADHD.

TL;DR: These findings suggest that early-life events alter the expression of several hGR variants in the hippocampus of suicide completers through effects on promoter DNA methylation.

TL;DR: Cortical area reduction was not observed in bipolar disorder type I and may be unique to schizophrenia, revealing that cortical thinning is the most important factor in volume reduction in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The congruent delay in cortical thickness and surface area direct attention away from processes that selectively affect one cortical component toward mechanisms controlling the maturation of multiple cortical dimensions.

TL;DR: Increasing cumulative exposure to adverse life events is associated with smaller gray matter volume in key prefrontal and limbic regions involved in stress, emotion and reward regulation, and impulse control, which may serve to mediate vulnerability to depression, addiction, and other stress-related psychopathology.

TL;DR: The results raise the possibility of a causal relationship between angiogenesis and neurogenesis, as seen in other proliferating tissues, and support their possible role in the mechanism of action of antidepressants.

TL;DR: Relatively decreased activity in corticostriatal neurocircuitsry during multiple phases of reward processing suggests consistent alterations in neurocircuitry underlying incentive valuation and loss prediction and may represent targets for treatment development in addictions.

TL;DR: It is suggested that childhood adversity promotes the formation of a neuroimmune pipeline in which inflammatory signaling between the brain and periphery is amplified, which leads to a coupling of depression and inflammation, which may contribute to later affective difficulties and biomedical complications.

TL;DR: Schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar probands share several abnormal resting state network connections, but there are also unique neural network underpinnings between disorders.

TL;DR: A sensitized dopaminergic response to stress in a psychiatric condition is revealed and may have important theoretical and clinical implications regarding efforts to abort or delay relapse and/or conversion to psychosis.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that adverse experience in childhood and adolescence can alter core components of the stress axis, including cortisol and heart rate reactivity, and a long-term impact of stressful life experience on the reactivity of the human stress axis is indicated.

TL;DR: Processing emotional stimuli, schizophrenia patients show reduced activation in areas engaged by emotional stimulus, although in some conditions, schizophrenic patients exhibit increasedactivation in areas outside those traditionally associated with emotion, possibly representing compensatory processing.

TL;DR: Data from this pilot investigation support the potential usefulness of NAC for treating irritability in children with autistic disorder and large randomized controlled investigations are warranted.

TL;DR: It is the first to demonstrate that OT administration to one attachment partner can have parallel effects on the other and underscore the role of OT in the cross-generation transmission of human social participation.

TL;DR: Risk for the diseases of middle and old age--cardiovascular and metabolic disease--may begin in childhood and depend, in part, on long-term emotional functioning, as well as body mass index, smoking behavior, and recent infections.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the modified prolonged exposure intervention initiated within hours of the trauma in the emergency department is successful at reducing PTSR and depression symptoms 1 and 3 months after trauma exposure and is safe and feasible.

TL;DR: Epigenetic modifications of Pomc gene that transmit through generation via male germline and may be critically involved in alcoholism-inherited diseases are described.

TL;DR: Findings provide strong support for the initial report that genetic variation at rs2494732 of AKT1 influences the risk of developing a psychotic disorder in cannabis users.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that cholinergic degeneration in AD occurs against a background of age-related atrophy and that exacerbated atrophy in AD can be detected at earliest stages of cognitive impairment.

TL;DR: Regression models of speech pattern changes associated with clinical outcomes in a prior study were found to be reliable and significant predictors of outcome in the current study, despite differences in the methodological design and implementation of the two studies.