Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 2013"

TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-national BED data was presented and compared with bulimia nervosa (BN) data in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health Surveys.

TL;DR: A psychobiotic is defined as a live organism that, when ingested in adequate amounts, produces a health benefit in patients suffering from psychiatric illness and has a capacity to reduce hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity.

TL;DR: Ketamine was associated with a rapid antidepressant effect in TRD that was predictive of a sustained effect and future controlled studies will be required to identify strategies to maintain an antidepressant response among patients who benefit from a course of ketamine.

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of studies comparing cytokine concentrations between patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy control subjects (HCs) provides evidence for significant elevation of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and regulatory cytokines in BD.

TL;DR: An integrative heuristic model is proposed, wherein repeated high levels of stress alter the biology of stress and appetite/energy regulation, with both components directly affecting neural mechanisms contributing to stress-induced and food cue-induced HP food motivation and engagement in overeating of such foods to enhance risk of weight gain and obesity.

TL;DR: Prodromal symptoms of ASD at 6 months include a diminished ability to attend spontaneously to people and their activities, which is likely to have a detrimental impact on the specialization of social brain networks and the emergence of social interaction patterns.

TL;DR: Preliminary findings suggest that bilateral stimulation of the supero-lateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle may significantly reduce symptoms in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.

TL;DR: Evidence for underlying preclinical AD mechanisms is discussed, including an important relationship between resting state functional connectivity and brain metabolism and how this results in a distinctive pattern of amyloid plaque deposition in default mode network regions.

TL;DR: This review will summarize recent data that implicate the circadian system as a vital regulator of a variety of systems that are thought to play a role in the development of mood disorders.

TL;DR: Oxidative stress abnormalities in FEP suggest an effect that might be independent of antipsychotic medications, and oxidative stress might serve as a potential biomarker in the etiopathophysiology and clinical course of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: This study demonstrates a disruption of whole-brain topological organization of the functional connectome in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which provides novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of aMCI and highlights the potential for using connectome-based metrics as a disease biomarker.

TL;DR: The motivational impairments of SZ might be associated with abnormalities in estimating the "cost" of effortful behavior, which increased effort cost might undermine volition.

TL;DR: The path that led to the testing of ketamine is presented, its promise as an antidepressant is considered, and novel treatment mechanisms that are emerging from this line of research are reviewed.

TL;DR: Infants who develop autism or other developmental concerns show atypicality in the development of visual attention skills from the first year of life.

TL;DR: There is increasing evidence that disruption of energy homeostasis can affect the Reward circuitry and that overconsumption of rewarding food can lead to changes in the reward circuitry that result in compulsive food intake akin to the phenotype seen with addiction.

TL;DR: Critically examine common and divergent characteristics using the theoretical framework of prominent drug addiction models, investigating the neurobiological underpinnings of both behaviors in an attempt to justify whether classification of obesity and binge eating as an addictive disorder is merited.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that depressed patients, especially those with anhedonic features, are characterized by an impaired ability to modulate behavior as a function of reward, and reduced reward learning increased the odds for the diagnosis of MDD to persist after 8 weeks of treatment.

TL;DR: This work links hyperconnectivity of DMN-related circuits to the core social deficits in young children with ASD and highlights fundamental aspects of posteromedial cortex heterogeneity.

TL;DR: The results suggest aberrant functional connectivity among the brain networks responsible for salience attribution, executive control, and the resting-state in the MDD group compared with the control participants and raise the possibility that therapeutic interventions that can restore thefunctional connectivity among these networks to that typical of healthy adolescents might be a fruitful avenue for future research.

TL;DR: Emerging work suggests a robust, and perhaps dose-dependent, relationship with early-life stress, which presents new opportunities to reconceptualize the complex relationships between experience, physical and psychiatric disease, and aging.

TL;DR: A dissociation of the DMN into subnetworks is suggested, where persistent abnormal functional connectivity within the anterior subnetwork in recovered MDD subjects may constitute a biomarker of asymptomatic depression and potential for relapse.

TL;DR: Examination of patterns of dysconnection in school-age children with ASD and ADHD and typically developing children who completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan provides evidence for both shared and distinct underlying mechanisms at the large-scale network level.

TL;DR: Nalmefene provides clinical benefit, constitutes a potential new pharmacological treatment paradigm in terms of the treatment goal and dosing regimen, and provides a method to address the unmet medical need in patients with alcohol dependence that need to reduce their alcohol consumption.

TL;DR: It is highlighted that mPFC, a core emotion regulation region, exhibits both within-PFC dysconnectivity and connectivity abnormalities with limbic structures in bipolar illness and lateral PFC Dysconnectivity in patients with psychosis history converges with published work in schizophrenia, indicating possible shared risk factors.

TL;DR: These results provide community epidemiologic data documenting the value of the dissociative subtype in distinguishing a meaningful proportion of severe and impairing cases of PTSD that have distinct correlates across a diverse set of countries.

TL;DR: Increased expression of HMGB1, TLR2,TLR3, and TLR4 in alcoholic brain and in mice treated with ethanol suggests that chronic alcohol-induced brain neuroimmune activation occurs through HMGB 1/TLR signaling.

TL;DR: This is the first quantitative whole-brain meta-analysis showing brain structure deficits in traumatized subjects with PTSD compared with trauma-exposed healthy control subjects and may facilitate the need to control for structural characteristics in future functional brain studies.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that a single, low dose of scopolamine rapidly increases mTORC1 signaling and the number and function of spine synapses in layer V pyramidal neurons in the PFC, and provides novel targets for safer and more efficacious rapid-acting antidepressant agents.

TL;DR: These findings suggest that PNN deficit contributes to PFC dysfunction in schizophrenia, and that the timing of PNN development overlaps with the period when schizophrenia symptomatology gradually emerges raises the possibility that aberrant PNN formation might contribute to the onset of illness.

TL;DR: It is suggested that oxytocin might promote face processing and eye contact in individuals with ASD as prerequisites for neurotypical social interaction.