Showing papers in "Bioprocess Engineering in 2018"
TL;DR: It was increased the number of pathological forms and shrinkage of the 5 th layer inner pyramidal neurons after cerebral ischemia in rats, and the inhibition of NADH-, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenases as well as activation of lactate dehydrogensase and acid phosphatase.
Abstract: The aim of the paper was to estimate the effect of experimental cerebral ischemia on metabolic characteristics of parietal cortex neurons. The experiments were carried out on 12 laboratory male rats. Cerebral ischemia was modeled with bilateral joint carotid arteries with durations of 60 minutes under intravenous thiopental anesthesia (40-50 mg / kg). The rats were decapitated and the samples of the brain parietal cortex were prepared for histological and histochemical examination in combination with morphometry to examine the 5 th layer inner pyramidal neurons. It was increased the number of pathological forms and shrinkage of the 5 th layer inner pyramidal neurons after cerebral ischemia in rats. The histochemical examination was revealed the inhibition of NADH-, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenases as well as activation of lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase. Cerebral ischemia induces deep histological and histochemical changes in the parietal cortex neurons in rats, including shrinkage of parietal cortex neurons and disturbances of their energy metabolism.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative analysis of methods for increasing the noise immunity of radio communication systems (RCS) is presented, and indicators of stealth and noise immunity in the application of the pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency regime in the dynamics of the electronic conflict are presented.
Abstract: The interference immunity of radio communication systems has always been considered an actual topic. Especially when it comes to information in military. In the modern theory of military confrontation, more and more importance is attached to the introduction of new control systems based on network-centric principles, while the basis of such a control system is the communication subsystem. In this connection, on the one hand, communication systems must meet the stringent requirements of the system of command and control of troops and weapons, on the other hand, in the conditions of modern confrontation, they themselves are subjected to destructive influence from the enemy. The basis for modern destructive impact on radio communication systems (RCS) are the use of electronic warfare (EW) and electronic suppression (ES). The methodology for assessing the impact of the ES on the RCS is now sufficiently developed, which updates the research directions in the field of interference protection of the RCS. This article is aimed at the prepared reader and is addressed to teachers who teach at military universities and classifies about the research carried out to improve noise immunity of the RCS in the dynamics of the EW. A comparative analysis of methods for increasing the noise immunity of the RCS is presented. It is reasonable to consider the method of pseudo-random adjustment of the operating frequency of the hopper as one of the fundamental in solving problems of increasing noise immunity. The main types of interference affecting the RCS and their classification are considered. The notion of electronic warfare as a basis for modeling the processes of interaction between the RCS and the EW (S) means is introduced. The main methodological approaches to the modeling of electronic conflict, the features of using a different mathematical apparatus for such modeling are considered. The indicators of stealth and noise immunity of the RCS in the application of the pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency regime in the dynamics of the electronic conflict are presented.
5 citations
TL;DR: The sensitivity of Urine dip strip when compared to direct egg detection methods, shows that there is high sensitivity on the use of urine dip strip.
Abstract: Schistosomiasis is one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) recording high morbidity and mortality rate for developing countries in Africa, South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Asia. The sensitivity of microscopy to the use of diagnostic strip in the survey for urinary schistosomiasis among students attending some selected secondary schools was investigated in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Four hundred and sixty two (462) urine samples were collected and examined for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium using sedimentation and microscopy method. Microhaematuria and proteinuria were investigated using combi 11 test strips. This study revealed 11.5% prevalence rate for urinary schistosomiasis among the studied subjects based on direct egg detection method, 22.9% based on micro-haematuria detection and 44.8% based on proteinuria. The sensitivity of Urine dip strip when compared to direct egg detection methods, shows that there is high sensitivity on the use of urine dip strip.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for predicting juice extraction from date palm fruit using an existing mechanical extractor was developed based on principle of continuity and momentum transport, which gave optimum values for steaming time, diffusion coefficient, digestion time and quantity of water as 90 minutes, 4.38 x 10-9 m2/s, 15 minutes and 8 litres.
Abstract: A model for predicting juice extraction from date palm fruit using an existing mechanical extractor was developed in the study. Model development was based on principle of continuity and momentum transport. Optimum values of factors such as steaming time, diffusion coefficient, digestion time and quantity of water required for optimum juice yield were determined. Effect of steaming time, diffusion coefficient and pressure on experimental and predicted yield were also determined. Results obtained gave optimum values for steaming time, diffusion coefficient, digestion time and quantity of water as 90 minutes, 4.38 x 10-9 m2/s, 15 minutes and 8 litres, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the effects of factors on yield were significant (P<0.01). The overall deviation of experimental yield from theoretical prediction was 2.56%. The results obtained showed that the mechanical extractor been optimized in the study is appropriate to be applied for economic purposes.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of carbon depth in vertical flow adsorption-filter system of the peroxide oxidation-aeration treatment process for cassava wastewater treatment was investigated.
Abstract: This study investigated the effect (attenuation of physico-chemical pollution characteristics) of carbon depth in vertical flow adsorption-filter system of the peroxide oxidation-aeration treatment process for cassava wastewater treatment. Results revealed that although the combined peroxide oxidation, aeration and adsorption-filter treatment process was successful in the reducing pollution characteristics of wastewater from cassava processing, the adsorption-filter part of the treatment process with carbon depths 0, 5, 10 and 15 cm carbon depths were observed to have been selective in removal of physico-chemical pollution characteristics. Parameters such as colour, SO 4 2- , NO 3- , Cl - , Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , TDS and TSS were observed to have exhibited increased decontamination efficiency as the depth of carbon increased in the treatment process while Fe 2+ and CN ions exhibited delayed adsorption. Depth of carbon filter was however observed to have had no effect on Ni 2+ and Phenol content removal.
TL;DR: Understanding of pathophysiological processes in mitochondria during partial brain ischemia will help to develop new methods of pathogenetic correction of changes in cell structures of the brain tissue.
Abstract: Estimation of the energy exchange parameters during partial brain ischemia offers an opportunity for finding new ways of correcting the above pathology. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in mitochondrial respiration in the homogenates of rats with brain cerebral ischemia of various duration. The experiment was carried out on 19 white female rats in whom the right common carotid artery was ligated for 1 hour or 3 days with subsequent decapitation and brain removal. The rate of mitochondrial respiration in mitochondrial suspension of brain homogenates was assessed by means of the polarographic method using succinate or a mixture of L-malate/L-glutamate and adenosine diphosphate as respiratory substrates. Ligation of the right common carotid artery of various duration resulted in reduced mitochondrial respiration rate which was more pronounced after 1 hour of partial brain ischemia as compared to 3 hours. Modeling of partial cerebral ischemia in rats by ligation of the right common carotid artery considerably inhibits respiratory activity of the brain mitochondria leading to the dissociation of oxidation and phosphorylation in the mitochondria and inducing impairment of neuronal bioenergetics in cerebral tissue due to the disturbance of the supply of oxygen by blood. Understanding of pathophysiological processes in mitochondria during partial brain ischemia will help to develop new methods of pathogenetic correction of changes in cell structures of the brain tissue. This approach offers new possibilities for the pathogenetic therapy.