Showing papers in "Bioresource Technology in 1992"

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the main process parameters on the yields and characteristics of the products has been investigated and the differences between convertional and fast pyrolysis can be discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present information regarding the disposal of on-farm poultry wastes (manure, litter and dead birds) and the effects of poultry waste disposal on environmental quality.

TL;DR: The nitrogen losses occurring during composting of mixtures of straw and different liquid manures (poultry, pig, cattle, and mixtures thereof) over a period of 98 to 114 days have been determined as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between physical and chemical properties of mixed hardwood and cellulolytic hydrolysis was studied, and it was shown that the 2-hour glucose yields from enzymatic hydroxylation depend solely on the surface area available to the enzyme, regardless of pretreatment method.

TL;DR: Fresh cattle, pig and poultry excreta as well as aerobically and anaerobically decomposed materials of the same origin were analysed and highest concentrations of plant nutrients were found in poultryexcreta, followed by pig and cattle faeces.

TL;DR: The task of treating and disposing of residues and wastes and/or of purifying wastewater is faced by slaughterhouses worldwide as discussed by the authors and legislation on regulating the treatment of refuse and wastewater is not (yet) uniform, but the aims of protecting and preserving the environment can be seen clearly in all laws and regulations.

TL;DR: In this paper, a preliminary design of an anaerobic digestion plant treating the organic wastes coming from a large food market is described, and four hydraulic retention times (8, 12, 14, and 20 days) were tested in 3-litre laboratory digesters.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of feeding different fruit and vegetable wastes, mango, pineapple, tomato, jackfruit, banana and orange, was studied in a 60-liter digester by cycling each waste every fifth day in order to operate the digester as and when there was supply of feed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a nickel-molybdenum catalysts were used to study the influence of reaction conditions on lignin hydropyrolysis under various reaction conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, five farm residues were used for the manufacture of low-density particle boards in a hot platter press using urea formaldehyde as the binding material, and mechanical and thermal properties of the boards were evaluated.

TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to investigate aeration in the composting of swine manure, and three sets of aeration experiments were conducted to determine the optimum aeration rate.

TL;DR: An overview is presented of the factors militating against the saccharification of lignocellulosic materials, pretreatments that may be used to improve on the extent of saccharization, and recent advances in the understanding of the structure of cellulose.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that no single factor can be shown to transform oxidizable carbon (OXC) into total organic carbon (TOC) when composts of different origin and decomposition degree are considered.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared five typical slaughter houses in Ibadan, Nigeria, and their pollutant generation, as monitored by water-quality parameters in four adjacent streams and wells.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 4-year experiment with a sludge from anaerobic treatment of combined civil and industrial wastes, and with agricultural manure, was performed on the purified humic acids (HA).

TL;DR: In this paper, data were obtained for steam gasification of rice hull in a bench-scale fluidized-bed gasifier, a technology which has proven to be feasible for other grain byproducts.

TL;DR: In this article, a large-scale development of a process for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into acetone-butanol involving steam-explosion pretreatment of the raw material cellulase production, enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated material and acetonebutanol fermentation of hydrolysates has been carried out in the facilities for biomass conversion located at Soustons, France.

TL;DR: In this paper, simple methods for diversified utilization of fish stomach and intestines for food, feed and biotechnological purposes were described, and a high concentration of pepsin (9 g/litre) was obtained by ultrafiltration of the aqueous phase from a cod-stomach silage preserved with formic acid.

TL;DR: The rheological properties such as the consistency coefficient, the flow behavior index and the apparent viscosity of Moroccan dairy cattle manure of various total solids concentrations were studied in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, a steam explosion pretreatment of the raw material, cellulase production, enzymatic hydrolysis and acetone-butanol fermentation of hydrolysates has been developed.

TL;DR: In this article, a plug flow digester (Transpaille) was used to solve the problem of acidification through localization of the acidogenic phase in the first half of the fermenter and nitrogen deficiency because a permanent liquid phase allowed nitrogen accumulation.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 16-week incubation was used to determine the mineralization of 12 sewage sludges in a given soil during a 16week aerobic incubation by analysis of inorganic N produced by a non-leached procedure.

TL;DR: In this paper, the design of an anaerobic digestion plant to treat the organic fraction of the wastes of a large food market is described, taking into account experimental data obtained in a previous study.

TL;DR: An earthen digester was constructed to treat the separated liquids from flushed dairy cattle manure as mentioned in this paper, where a floating cover was used to harvest the biogas produced, and the loading rate during the period of study (31 October 1988-25 March 1991) was 0·12 kg VS/m3 -day.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of addition of organic amendments on the physical properties of a degraded Ultisol were compared with those of high rates of inorganic fertilizer, and the order of improvements in the measured physical properties was RS > RS + F 1 > PM > F 1 ⩾ F 2 > C.

TL;DR: Algal blooms, insect infestation, wind, low temperature, and loss of pigments and decay of duckweeds had noticeable effects on the growth and productivity of duck weeds.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors described the immobilization of two different strains of eucaryotic algae for sewage treatment, and the influence of the pattern of the reactor, the photosynthetic active radiation, the characteristics of the strain and the stability of the cells on the depuration efficiency of the system was studied.

TL;DR: The Piedmont System as mentioned in this paper is a collection of equipment for efficiently removing the juice from sweet sorghum stalks for the production of ethanol, and the concept is to separate the whole stalks into pith and rind-leaf fractions, pass only the pith fraction through a screw press, and thus achieve an improvement in juice expression efficiency and press capacity.

TL;DR: In this paper, a dilute (0·3% TS) but relatively strong (COD 10 000 mg litre −1 ) piggery wastewater was used as feed in 1·6-litre laboratory anaerobic digesters.

TL;DR: In this article, two fixed-bed reactors with loading rates of 2−18·5 g/l day and hydraulic retention times of 5 to 0·5 day were run in parallel, the biological efficiency achieved was, on average, 85−30% (bamboo as carrier) and ηCOD = 80−27% (bones as carrier).