Showing papers in "Bioresource Technology in 1994"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to use the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for producing ethanol from the major fraction of lignocellulosic biomass, cellulose, because of its low cost potential.

TL;DR: A manure management system for laying hens using the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) converted manure to a 42% protein, 35% fat feedstuff, reduced manure accumulation by at least 50% and eliminated house fly breeding.

TL;DR: In this paper, four organic wastes were tested as potential adsorbents for hexavalent chromium and the results showed that this type of material could certainly be considered for this purpose with the best results being achieved at pH values of 1·5-3·0.

TL;DR: The transformation of nitrogen (N) and its subsequent loss during aerobic and anaerobic composting of poultry manure with different amendments were investigated through laboratory incubation experiments as discussed by the authors, which indicated that the N loss through denitrification could be considerably higher than that occurred through NH3 volatilization.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that higher BOD reductions can be achieved by combined processes, such as methane production from whey distillery effluents, but in most cases some aerobic treatment prior to final disposal is also required.

TL;DR: In this paper, the use of vegetable oils and animal fats as diesel fuel is discussed and the performance of engines using triglyceride-based fuels and their emission characteristics are also presented.

TL;DR: Estimated values were found to be unreliable indicators of fecal P status and ruminant feces varied more in Pt, Paso, and Pl but less in Pi and Pr than non-ruminant fecal material.

TL;DR: In this article, the optimum pH for the process was found to be 2·0, with the kinetics following a second-order reaction rate. Intraparticulate diffusion was not a rate-determining step at this pH.

TL;DR: The suitability and the cost of the anaerobic-aerobic and aerobic treatment systems are largely affected by a variety of mill-specific factors as discussed by the authors, and the potential of the systems for reductive dechlorination and sulfur recovery is unique and of great interest.

TL;DR: A bacterium isolated from sludge from dyeing wastewater treatment which removed the colour of reactive azo dyes such as Red G, RBB, RP2B and V2RP was identified as P. luteola.

TL;DR: In this article, the ambient temperature adsorption of the metal cations Zn2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ on Pinus pinaster bark pretreated with acidified formaldehyde solution, and particularly the influences of the pretreatment conditions and of the pH of the cation solution on the adaption capacity of the bark, were investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, a combined enzyme-alkaline technology for processing waste feathers from poultry slaughterhouses was elaborated, which achieved full solubilisation of feathers after pretreatment with 0·3 m NaOH solution at 80°C, mechanical disintegration and enzyme hydrolysis at 55-60°C.

TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics of dyeing wastewater were shown using carbonised coirpith as adsorbent as a function of agitation time, adsorbency dosage and pH.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of operating conditions on the gasification of biomass carried out in a pilot plant was investigated, which consisted of a steam gasification in two indirectly heated reactors in series.

TL;DR: The main goals in the enzyme-aided bleaching of kraft pulps have been the reduction of consumption of chlorine chemicals in the bleaching process, and consequent lowering of the AOX of the effluents.

TL;DR: In this article, an enzymatic hydrolysis of bagasse was accelerated by pretreatment with 3·33% wt nonionic surfactant (Tween 20; polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) at 170-190°C.

TL;DR: In this paper, temperature distribution and variation in passively aerated static compost piles were investigated in three treatments with initial moisture contents of 73, 76 and 80%. Compost materials consisted of poultry manure slurry and peat or chopped straw.

TL;DR: In this article, a series of runoff and infiltration studies with bovine feces placed 0.0, 0.61, 1.37, or 2.13 m from a collection point were used to assess effectiveness of vegetative filter strips.

TL;DR: The group of fungi which includes Aspergillus ochraceus, Cunninghamella elegans, CRAF, Echinulata, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Bjerkandera sp., Trametes versicolor and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have the ability to oxidize or transform polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and render them non-toxic as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the methane conversion factor (MCF) typically achieved by various waste management systems and found that for rangeland/pasture disposal, the MCF was negligible at 20 and 30°C.

TL;DR: In this paper, a universal basic model of anaerobic conversion of complex organic material is suggested, which can be used for investigating the start-up experiments for food industry wastewater.

TL;DR: In this article, two hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were used to treat screened swine wastewaters, and the results showed that the additional biofilm in this hybrid UASB reactor increased the stability of the reactor and helped maintain steady methane production.

TL;DR: The beneficial effects of natural phytochemicals reveals a promising area of non-chemical nematode management, but further work on the plant-based nematicides is needed.

TL;DR: Non-interaction and antagonism were demonstrated in the uptake of cadmium and zinc respectively by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting that the two metal ions may be bound to different sites on the cell.

TL;DR: In this article, various co-substrates have been used with the main objective of finding an inexpensive carbon source for large-scale biotreatment of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT).

TL;DR: The presented findings indicated that the potential of bioleaching techniques may benefit from the reuse of biologically-produced sulphur, which is applied in practice to remove sulphides formed during treatment of sulphate-containing wastewater.

TL;DR: In this paper, the treatment with NaOH and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower hulls was evaluated and the maximum saccharification values were reached after treatments with 0·5% alkali solutions for 1·5 h at 121°C using a solid: liquid ratio of 0·1 g/ml.

TL;DR: Compared to the control, the soil treated with tannery effluent was rich in Mg, Mn, Fe, Na and K ions and only 25% was found to be suitable for fertiliser use.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of time, temperature, and oxygen pressure on the amount of fixed nitrogen and the C/N ratio was studied in the lignin macromolecule.

TL;DR: An alkaline protease produced from a Bacillus sp.