Showing papers in "Bioresource Technology in 2000"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the generation of inhibitors during degradation of lignocellulosic materials, and the effect of these on fermentation yield and productivity, and their interaction effects are reviewed.

TL;DR: The technology of anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes is, in many aspects, mature and its relation to composting technology is examined in this review.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of various detoxification methods on the fermentability and chemical composition of lignocellulosic hydrolysates is discussed. But, the main focus of this paper is on the effects of different batch, fed-batch, and continuous fermentation strategies in relation to inhibition of fermentation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the recent developments on processes and products developed for the value addition of sugarcane bagasse through the biotechnological means, focusing on more recent developments of the past 8-10 years.

TL;DR: The optimum temperature for thermophilic fungi is 40-50°C which is also the optimal temperature for lignin degradation in composting as discussed by the authors, however, very little is known about the degradation by mixed microbial compost populations.

TL;DR: The use of microorganisms to destroy, or reduce the concentration of, hazardous wastes on a contaminated site is called bioremediation as mentioned in this paper, and such a biological treatment system has various applications, including, clean up of contaminated sites such as water, soils, sludges, and waste streams.

TL;DR: In this paper, three agricultural residues, wheat straw, wood chips and corn-cob shreds, were tested for their ability to adsorb individual dyes and dye mixtures in solutions.

TL;DR: A simple method based on alkaline extraction followed by acid precipitation was developed to produce pure silica xerogels from rice hull ash (RHA), with minimal mineral contaminants as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, three agricultural residues, wheat straw, wood chips and corn-cob shreds, were tested for their ability to adsorb individual dyes and dye mixtures in solutions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of N2 sparging on hydrogen yield was investigated in non-sterile conditions using a hydrogen-producing mixed culture previously enriched from soya bean meal.

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of different fertiliser applications on soil biological and physical properties was studied in a field experiment, where Vermicompost (VC) from biological sludge, stabilised dairy manure or mineral nitrogen fertiliser (NH4NO3) were applied to a corn crop (Zea mays L.) at 200 kg N ha−1.

TL;DR: A review of the developments in processes and products developed for the value addition of cassava bagasse through biotechnological means can be found in this paper, where the authors reviewed the development in processes, products, and processes and processes for value addition.

TL;DR: In this article, the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen by the freshwater alga Scenedesmus obliquus, cultured in urban wastewater, previously submitted to secondary sewage treatment, was studied under different conditions of stirring and temperature.

TL;DR: In this article, organic fertilizer produced by composting 62% town wastes, 21% sewage sludge and 17% sawdust by volume, was applied at the rates of 0 (control), 75, 150 and 300 m3 ha−1 to loamy and clay soils, in order to investigate its potential for soil improvement.

TL;DR: The mode of action of organic amendments leading to plant disease control and stimulation of microorganisms is complex and dependent on the nature of the amendments.

TL;DR: In this article, granular activated carbons (GACs) were converted from soft, low-density, group 1 (rice straw, rice hulls, sugarcane bagasse) and hard, high density, group 2 agricultural byproducts (pecan shells) into GACs.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated and established an optimal stocking density and an optimal feeding rate for the vermicomposting of biosolids, with paper mulch provided as bedding.

TL;DR: The eAects of earthworm-processed pig manure (vermicompost) on germination, growth, and yields of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were evaluated under glasshouse conditions and some of the growth and yield enhancement resulting from substitution of Metro-Mix 360 with pig manure verMicompost could be attributed to the high mineral N concentration of the pig manure.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of usual or recommended rates of application of five organic amendments (24 t/ha·yr of MSW compost, sewage sludge, and ovine manure, 2.4 t/h/h·r of vermicompost, and 100 l/hÕ of a commercial humic acids solution) on the microbial biomass content and level of selected enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterases, arylsulphatase, and urease) in

TL;DR: In this paper, a pilot membrane bioreactor (MBR) fed by raw wastewater from a sewage plant was used to treat urban effluents in an aerated tank fed with raw water containing a volume of 600 l of activated sludge.

TL;DR: In this article, the anaerobic biodegradability of two synthetic wastewaters, one rich in fats (chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio; Fats/Proteins/Carbohydrates: 1.7/0.57/1) and the other with a low fat content (cOD ratio; proteins/protein/carbohydrates, 0.05/ 0.54/1), was studied in samples with total COD ranging from 0.4 to 20 g/l.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated nitrogen dynamics and losses in household waste mixtures with different litter additives during composting, maturation and storage, and concluded that there is no obvious way to efficiently decrease nitrogen losses through addition of litter materials.

TL;DR: Vermicomposting with Eisenia foetida of mustard residues and sugarcane trash mixed with cattle dung resulted in significant reduction in C:N ratio and increase in mineral N, after 90 days of composting, over treatments uninoculated with earthworms.

TL;DR: The oil showed strong repellent action against adult mosquitoes when applied on human skin and was comparable to that of Mylol oil consisting of dibutyl and dimethyl phthalates.

TL;DR: In this paper, the most informative index of separation is the reduced separation efficiency index, where an index value of 0 indicates that the nutrients are distributed equally between the solid fraction and the liquid fraction, and a value of 1 indicates that nutrients are concentrated in the solid portion.

TL;DR: In this article, soy and wheat bran were employed as raw materials for the production of pectinases by Aspergillus niger through solid-state fermentation, and several fermentation and recovery parameters were studied.

TL;DR: In this paper, Fourier transformed infra-red (FTIR) was evaluated as an analytical tool for monitoring wood biodegradation, and multivariate analysis was applied to correlate chemical composition in wood samples with the FTIR spectral data.

TL;DR: In this article, simple methods for capturing the nutrients in urine by transformation into solid mineral form are presented, on the addition of small amounts of MgO to synthetic or natural human urine most of the phosphorous and significant amounts of the potassium and nitrogen were precipitated, with crystalline struvite [Mg(K,NH4)(PO4·6H2O] as a major component together with montgomeryite, newberyite, brucite and epsonite.

TL;DR: Ndegwa et al. as discussed by the authors investigated and established a suitable C-to-N ratio for vermicomposting of fresh biosolids (activated sewage sludge) amended with paper mulch, using Eisenia fetida.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors determined the metal forms most readily taken up by a natural zeolite when used as a bulking material during the composting process and associated the heavy metal content with five fractions; the exchangeable, the carbonate, the reducible, the organic and the residual.