Showing papers in "Bioresource Technology in 2004"

TL;DR: Although all the transesterification reactions were quite rapid and the biodiesel layers achieved nearly 100% methyl ester concentrations, the reactions using sodium hydroxide turned out the fastest.

TL;DR: The various techniques, which could be used to enhance the gas production rate from solid substrates are reviewed.

TL;DR: The results showed that higher temperature contributed to more hydrogen production, but too high a temperature lowered gas heating value, and a smaller particle was more favorable for higher gas LHV and yield.

TL;DR: The effects of the inhibitory compounds on fermentation yield and productivity, as well as various detoxification methods for treating the hydrolyzates are described.

TL;DR: Investigating the effect of water on the yield of methyl esters in transesterification of triglycerides and methyl esterification of fatty acids as treated by catalyst-free supercritical methanol demonstrated that crude vegetable oil as well as its wastes could be readily used for biodiesel fuel production in a simple preparation.

TL;DR: Analysis of rate constants for the lignins-DPPH* interaction revealed the contribution of polymer molecular weight and pi-polyconjugation systems, which operate as catalysts/activators of the interaction with DPPH*.

TL;DR: The adsorption effectiveness of bamboo powder charcoal (BPC) was higher than that of CAC; regardless of the concentration of nitrate-nitrogen; in the range of 0-10 mg/l; and this fact indicates that BPC can be an attractive option for the in situ treatment by advertisersorption of nitratesnitrogen-contaminated underground and surface water.

TL;DR: The higher enzyme activities produced by A. niger KK2 is a significant advantage from the viewpoint of practical saccharification reaction and might be applied to pulp and paper industry, feed industry and chemical industry.

TL;DR: Variation in the composition of DDGS was not related to variation in corn composition and probably was due to variations in processing streams or processing techniques, which implies that reducing the variation in composition ofDDG will require modification of processing strategies.

TL;DR: The results showed that transesterification of triglycerides (rapeseed oil) was slower in reaction rates than alkyl esterification of fatty acids for any of the alcohols employed.

TL;DR: In this article, a two-phase centrifugation system for olive oil extraction during the early nineties in Spain has led to the generation of approximately four million tons per year of a solid olive-mill byproduct called "alperujo" (AL).

TL;DR: Responses seemed not to be dose-dependent, since strawberries at one site grew fastest and yielded most in response to the 10 tha(-1) vermicompost application rate, whereas they responded positively and similarly to both the 5 and 10 tha-1 rates of applications at the other site.

TL;DR: The amounts of Cr(VI) adsorbed increased with increase in dose of both adsorbents and their contact time, and the maximum removal occurred at pH 2 by activated rice husk and at pH 4 by activated alumina.

TL;DR: Analytical results indicated that the nitric acid procedure was the most efficient for recovering Cd, Mn and Ni from most compost samples, and the sulfuric acid procedure yielded the lowest recovery of Pb from the certified reference material and the compost samples.

TL;DR: The adsorption Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions onto hazelnut shell activated carbon was carried out by varying the parameters such as pH, initial Cr( VI) concentration and temperature and the Langmuir isotherm provided the best correlation for Cr(vi) onto the activated carbon.

TL;DR: A series of experiments were conducted to compare the pore development in palm-shell and coconut-shell-based activated carbons produced under identical experimental conditions, finding that at any burn-off studied, the micropore and mesopore volumes created in palms- shell-basedactivated carbon were always higher than those of coconut-Shell-based activation carbon.

TL;DR: Results of lipid classes showed triglyceride as the dominant lipid species in the seed oils and that they could be found applicable in alkyd resin and soap manufacture.

TL;DR: Investigation of lead, zinc, and copper adsorption properties of Ceratophyllum demersum (Coontail or hornwort) showed that it can be successfully used for heavy metal removal under dilute metal concentration.

TL;DR: The respiration rate was strongly reduced at 46 degrees C and pH below 6, compared to composts with a higher pH or lower temperature, suggesting the combination of high temperature and low pH is a possible adverse factor in large-scale composting of food waste.

TL;DR: Batchwise digestion of sisal pulp and fish waste was studied both with the wastes separately and with mixtures in various proportions, showing an increase in the methane yield as compared to that obtained from the digestion of pure fractions at 5% TS.

TL;DR: The present research has shown that high sugar concentration (150 g/l) in the ICR column was successfully converted to ethanol, and the proposed model can be used to design a lager scale I CR column for production of high ethanol concentration.

TL;DR: The results clearly reveal the possibility of using available solar energy at daytime to heat up the reactor(s) without the need of heat storage during nights, especially at an operational temperature of 50 degrees C and at a 20 days HRT, and without the jeopardising of the overheating.

TL;DR: Factors such as: an improvement of the physical structure of the potting medium, increases in populations of beneficial microorganisms and the potential availability of plant growth-influencing-substances produced by microorganisms in vermicomposts could have contributed to the increased pepper yields obtained.

TL;DR: Sargassum sp.

TL;DR: From the composition of processed solids, it was calculated that 63-77% of the initial xylan was selectively solubilized in autohydrolysis treatments, and little decomposition into organic acids and aldehydes was found at all the temperatures assayed.

TL;DR: The outcome of this study and the field data previously reported corroborate that C. arvensis is a suitable candidate for the phytoremediation of Cd(II), Cr(VI), and Cu(II) contaminated soils.

TL;DR: This adsorbent is Beech (Fagus orientalis L.) sawdust studied by using batch techniques indicated that the percent adsorption decreased with increasing initial concentration of chromium(VI), and a contact time of 80 min was found to be optimum.

TL;DR: It is proposed that SDC and SD can be potential adsorbents for Cr(VI) removal from dilute solutions.

TL;DR: This work studied the hydrolysis kinetics and the solubilization of waste activated sludge under a medium range temperature and pH in the alkaline region as a pretreatment stage for anaerobic digestion, leading to a satisfactory correlation between the Hydrolysis rate coefficient, pH, and temperature.

TL;DR: Two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly improved growth and essential oil concentration of Foeniculum vulgare Mill and the essential oil characterization by gas liquid chromatography revealed that the level of anethol was significantly enhanced on my Corrhization.