BioTechnology: An Indian Journal 

About: BioTechnology: An Indian Journal is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Population & Supply chain. It has an ISSN identifier of 0974-7435. Over the lifetime, 1901 publications have been published receiving 2759 citations.

Nutrigenomics: From molecular nutrition to prevention of disease

Abstract: Nutrition research concentrated on nutrient deficiencies and impairment of health. The advent of genomics-interpreted broadly as a suite of high throughput technologies for the generation, processing, and application of scientific information about the composition and functions of genomeshas created unprecedented opportunities for increasing our understanding of how nutrients modulate gene and protein expression and ultimately influence cellular and organismal metabolism. Nutritional genomics (nutrigenomics), the junction between health, diet, and genomics, can be seen as the combination of molecular nutrition and genomics. The diverse tissue and organ-specific effects of bioactive dietary components include gene-expression patterns (transcriptome); organization of the chromatin (epigenome); protein-expression patterns, including posttranslational modifications (proteome); as well as metabolite profiles (metabolome). Nutrigenomics will promote an increased understanding of how nutrition influences metabolic pathways and homeostatic control, how this regulation is disturbed in the early phases of diet-related disease, and the extent to which individual sensitizing genotypes contribute to such diseases. Eventually, nutrigenomicswill lead to evidence-based dietary intervention strategies for restoring health and fitness and for preventing diet-related disease. In this review, we provide a brief overviewof nutrigenomics from our point of view by describing current strategies, future opportunities, and challenges.

A study of X-ray machine image local semantic features extraction model based on Bag-of-Words for airport security

Abstract: The aviation security at the airport has been faced with increasingly severe situations since the 9-11 event. It’s of utmost importance to train airport X-ray machine screeners image recognition competency. So they can prevent terrorists from bringing dangerous articles in their carry-on or checked bags. However, usually the luggages are placed in different positions and the density & volume of articles differ greatly. As a result, dangerous articles show a variety of X-ray image features. It’s easy for the confused screeners to miss or incorrectly detect dangerous articles. This has been a hidden danger for civil aviation safety. For image recognition improvement, the researcher analyzed the visual semantics of dangerous goods images and applied a local semantic features extraction method. After classification and summarization, the method was used to train the screeners for particular image recognition. The comparison showed the improved accuracy and efficiency of image recognition for the screeners and demonstrated a satisfactory effect

In vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Thevetia peruviana

Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract obtained from Thevetia peruviana was tested against bacterial species of Escherichia coli ATCC 69314, Streptococcus lactis NCIM50038, Enterobacter aerogenes NCIM 2340, Alcaligenes faecalis ATCC 15246, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2200, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6380 and fungal species of Fusarium oxysporum NCIM 1008, Alternaria helianthii ATCC 201540, Curvularia lunata ATCC 34477, Aspergillus niger NCIM 1207 and Penicillium spp NCIM 741. Better antimicrobial activity was observed with the extracts showed maximumactivity against E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Alcaligenes faecalis. Among different fungi tested A. niger and Penicillium spp were found to be more sensitive to crude extract when compared to others. A considerable reduction in the sporulation was also recorded.

Use of measures of disproportionality in pharmacovigilance

Abstract: Pharmacovigilance ensure employment drug safety and consists in collect and manage data on the use of drug and to exploit these data, to detect unknown effects after postmarketing. The primary goal of spontaneous reporting systems related to health products is the detection of unknown adverse reactions or signal detection for which a correlation between the appearance of an adverse effect and a medication. Different disproportional methods are used in pharmacovigilance to generate potential signals, among which, we find : the Proportional reporting ratio (PRR) associated with the chi-square test, the Report Odds Ratio (ROR), the YulesÂÂ’Q, the Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) or Information Component (IC) These sophisticated methods are used in advanced countries at the moment.

Multi-Drug Resistant Genes in Bacteria and 21st Century Problems Associated with Antibiotic Therapy

Abstract: Bacterial infections are cured by antibiotics since 1930s but recently such antibiotics would not work to cure most bacterial infections due to accumulation of many MDR genes in bacterial plasmids. Most notorious MDR gene is β-lactamase gene (bla) which hydrolyses lactam ring CO–N bond of penicillin. Other MDR genes include tet gene isomers which encode a membrane-bound drug efflux protein (~400 aa) which kicks out tetracycline from bacterial cell cytoplasm. strA/B gene encodes an enzyme (~267 aa) that phosphorylates streptomycin and phosphorylated streptomycin could not bind bacterial 50S ribosome. Similarly, diversified aad and aph MDR genes adenylate and phosphorylate aminoglycoside antibiotics which then could not able to bind ribosome to kill bacteria. cat gene acetylates chloramphenicol and acetylated chloramphenicol could not bind 30S ribosome Diversified aminoglycoside acetyl transferases (aacA1 and aacC1) also acetylate at various position of neomycin, amakacin and gentamycin. arr gene ribosylates refamycins which then could not inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase. Sul1/2 genes have been implicated in sulfamethoxazole resistant in the recent outbreaks of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. VanA gene cluster are involved in the vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus facium as well as Staphyloocucus aureus and recently in Escherichia coli. ermA/B genes are diverged 23S rRNA methyl transferases that give resistant to macrolides. Other potential genes are MFS, RND and MATE types drug efflux genes that could kick out drugs in a proton-pump mechanism. Similarly, certain drug ABC transporters efflux antibiotics like doxorubicin with ATPase activity and mcr-1 gene (phosphoethanolamine transferase) gives resistant to colistin drug. Thus, we see that diverse MDR genes are present in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, S. enterica, P. aeruginosa, and many other common pathogens both located in large conjugative plasmids and chromosome. The author concluded that golden era of antibiotic had ended within 80 years of its discovery and alternative medicines like heterogeneous herbal antibiotics, bacteriophage therapy and gene medicines (antisense, ribozyme and miRNA) were now popular all over the world.