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Showing papers in "Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment in 2011"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determined the total phenolic content, concentrations of flavonoids and in vitro antioxidant activity of twenty different extracts from the plant and plant parts (leaves, flowers and stems) of Teucrium montanum L. var.
Abstract: he aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic content, concentrations of flavonoids and in vitro antioxidant activity of twenty different extracts from the plant and plant parts (leaves, flowers and stems) of Teucrium montanum L. var. montanum, f. supinum (L.) Reichenb. The total phenolic content in the extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and their amounts ranged between 8.33 to 169.06 mg GA/g. The concentrations of flavonoids in plant extracts varied from 3.96 to 88.31 mg RU/g. Antioxidant activity was analyzed in vitro using DPPH reagent, activity expressed as IC 50 and obtained results ranged from 29.41 to 2408.47 µg/mL. Parallel to the analysis of T. montanum, Ginkgo biloba L. and Green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) extracts were analyzed for comparison, and the results indicated that some extracts of T. montanum were equal in activity with Ginkgo or Green tea and some appeared to have greater activity. Based on these results of investigation, it could be concluded that T. montanum is a rich source of phenolic compounds as natural antioxidans of high value.

96 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focuses on the current status of research on DREB transcription factors, their role in abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic plants, and challenges confronting deployment of these plants.
Abstract: DREBs belong to the ethylene response factor (ERF) family of transcription factors that bind to the DRE/CRT element in the promoter regions of a large number of genes involved in biotic and abiotic stress signaling in plants. In the recent past, there has been substantial progress towards understanding the regulatory role of DREBs in abiotic stress responses of crop plants. Following isolation from various plant species, DREB genes have been introduced into a number of transgenic plants, which showed tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Despite the initial success of achieving abiotic stress tolerance with DREBs, there are several issues that need further research to ensure increased plant growth and yield under abiotic stress conditions. This review focuses on the current status of research on DREB transcription factors, their role in abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic plants, and challenges confronting deployment of these plants.

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that the studied ISSR markers provided sufficient polymorphism and reproducible fingerprinting profiles for evaluating genetic diversity of wheat genotypes and can be useful in traditional and molecular breeding programs.
Abstract: The genetic diversity of thirty wheat genotypes was evaluated using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The ten ISSR primers amplified a total of 86 bands in the set of thirty wheat accessions, of which 69 bands (80.2%) were polymorphic. The ISSR primers informativeness was assessed by calculating four marker parameters like polymorphism information content (PIC), effective multiplex ratio (EMR), marker index (MI) and resolving power (RP) were calculated. The majority of the primers showed PIC value close to the average (0.21-0.23), while EMR feature varied from 1.8 to 12 with a mean value of 5.69. The MI values ranged between 0.41 and 3.36. The primers that showed higher polymorphism had higher EMR and MI values. The estimates of RP ranged from 7.2 to 16.5 with an average of 12 per primer. Three of the ISSR primers possessed high RP values (14.9, 15.7 and 16.5) and therefore seemed to be the most informative primers for distinguishing the genotypes. The genotyping data for all the ISSR markers were used to assess genetic variation in wheat accessions by CLINK- based dendrogram and principle coordinate analysis (PCoA). Both of the methods classified the 30 wheat accessions in five groups and presented similar grouping of the genotypes with some minor disagreements. The results showed that the studied ISSR markers provided sufficient polymorphism and reproducible fingerprinting profiles for evaluating genetic diversity of wheat genotypes. The molecular variation evaluated in the present study, in combination with agronomic and morphological characteristics of wheat, can be useful in traditional and molecular breeding programs.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the described flower solvent extraction and GC/MS analysis procedure could be reliably applied for prediction of the volatile composition of distilled rose oils from wide range of oil bearing rose genotypes based on the extrapolation of GC/ MS analysis data from single or few flowers from each studied plant.
Abstract: The accelerated and successful oil bearing rose breeding requires routine application of efficient procedure for analysis of flower volatiles, with capacity to extrapolate the obtained flower data to the volatile composition of the distilled rose oil. In the current study a procedure for solvent extraction and GC/MS analysis of rose flower and rose oil volatiles from oil bearing roses including Rosa damascena is presented. The procedure allows reliable identification of 68 volatiles in the rose flowers which are also detected in the distilled rose oil. The described procedure was further applied for comparative analysis of the flower and distilled rose oil volatiles from eight different genotypes of oil bearing roses. A data set consisting of ratios of the relative abundance of given volatile in the flower spectra to the relative abundance of the same volatile in the distilled rose oil spectra was generated. ANOVA test for a data subset of 27 volatiles detected in the flowers and rose oils of all ...

39 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most active lipase producing strain A. niger was selected for strain improvement by induced mutagenesis with UV light and N-methyl-N-nitro- N-nitrosoguanidine (NMG) and found to be more effective in comparison to the physical one.
Abstract: Twelve fungal strains belonging to 9 different species of genera Aspergillus, Pencilillium, Trichoderma and Mucor were screened for extracellular lipase production. The most active lipase producing strain A. niger was selected for strain improvement by induced mutagenesis with UV light and N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NMG). Chemical mutagenesis was found to be more effective in comparison to the physical one. By two stages mutagenesis with 200 μg cm−3 NMG for 4 h, lipase activity of parental strain was enhanced more than two times. The selected mutant A. niger NMG12/4 was stable and maximum lipase activity of 15.5 U cm−3 was reached at 96 h, which corresponded to the end of the exponential growth phase. The selected mutant is prospective for the development of industrial biotechnology for production of extracellular lipase.

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: C. minutissima was found to be the best strain for further work and has maximum biomass productivity at pH 6, photoperiod of 14 h light:10 h dark cycles, 5 g/l nitrate and 6000 lx light intensity, and the optimum aeration rate was determined to be 1 lpm.
Abstract: Increasing concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere is causing severe environmental destruction to the earth. To capture the excess CO2, its microalgal sequestration is increasingly being explored. This technique could become a profitable industry that would help mitigate global warming and produce a large number of value-added products like pigments, carotenoids, carbohydrates, lipids, etc. In this regard, three microalgal strains viz., Calothrix sp., Spirulina platensis and Chlorella minutissima were studied for their growth characteristics. Based upon the kinetic parameters, possible by-products, tolerance to CO2, etc., the best strain was selected for further studies. The optimum pH, photoperiod, nitrate concentration and light intensity for this strain were experimentally determined. Also, studies were conducted with and without baffles, with varying aeration rates and with two different impellers and i.e., marine propeller and disc turbine impeller, in the presence of air alone and a mixture ...

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review summary summarizes UV defense mechanisms in plants such as the induction of antioxidant factors, accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds, efficient DNA repair, and UV signal transduction pathways and describes the potential application of studies ofUV-defense mechanisms to breeding of ultraviolet-hyper-resistant plants.
Abstract: Plants need to capture sunlight for photosynthesis and thus cannot survive without light. Ultraviolet-B (UVB) in sunlight however induces damage to cell components including proteins, membrane lipi...

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of medium composition (type and concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources) and culture conditions (pH, aeration and temperature) on the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) by Lactobacillus paracasei LA07 was studied in shake flask culture.
Abstract: The effect of medium composition (type and concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources) and culture conditions (pH, aeration and temperature) on the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) by Lactobacillus paracasei LA07 was studied in shake flask culture. The highest BLIS production was obtained from de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth, which was 4%, 22%, 51% and 63% higher than those obtained in M17 Broth, Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) and Nutrient Broth (NB) respectively. The addition of meat extract (5 g/L) and yeast extract (5 g/L) to MRS broth increased further BLIS production by 5% and 8%, respectively. The production of BLIS was further improved by 11% and 13% through the addition of tryptone (3 g/L) and glucose (10 g/L), respectively. The growth of Lb. paracasei LA07 and BLIS production were not significantly affected by agitation, either in anaerobic or in aerobic conditions. The optimum initial pH and temperature for BLIS production by...

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigations showed a re-routing of carbon metabolism away from glycolysis into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which serves as a cellular stress-resistance mechanism under cold stress conditions.
Abstract: To evaluate the concept of metabolic cold adaptation in Antarctic fungi, we compared the activities of several key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway and the TCA cycle (hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase) in psychrotolerant Penicillium sp. 161 and mesophilic Aspergillus glaucus 363 during both the stress exposure (6 h) and recovery phases. Mycelia of the Antarctic strains, grown until middle exponential phase at optimal temperature, were shifted to colder temperatures, i.e., 4 and 10 °C. Our investigations showed a re-routing of carbon metabolism away from glycolysis into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which serves as a cellular stress-resistance mechanism under cold stress conditions. Moreover, the data clearly suggest strain-dependent differences in cold stress response concerning TCA enzyme activities between both fungi. The psychrotolerant strain induces glyoxalate cycle activities and the mesophilic strain uses a reduction of respiratory activity. A recovery response after removal of the stress factor was observed.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of the review is to focus on main oral manifestations related to diabetes in order that the proper solution for treatment is to be taken.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which affects many organs. Often in the oral cavity undergo changes that are associated with diabetes. Many dental practitioners are often not aware of the attendant oral manifestations in diabetic patients, which results in prescription of a non-accurate treatment. The aim of the review is to focus on main oral manifestations related to diabetes in order that the proper solution for treatment is to be taken. Untreated oral infections can adversely affect metabolic control. Patients may present with oral conditions that suggest undiagnosed diabetes: progressing severe periodontitis, enlarged gums which bleed easily, multiple periodontal abscesses. Diabetic patients with poor oral hygiene, a history of smoking, rare visits to dentists, high carbohydrate intake are more likely to present caries and periodontitis and to respond poorly to dental treatment. If the doctor suspects undiagnosed diabetes, the patient should be examined to reveal the history of polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, unexplained weight loss, and family history of diabetes.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that mangiferin exerted antidepressant-like effect in behavioral paradigms of despair possibly by modulating brain biogenic amines (norepinephrine and serotonin) and MAOB activity in rat liver mitochondria.
Abstract: Antidepressive effect of mangiferin isolated from Hypericum aucheri Jaub. et Spach (Clusiaceae) was studied. The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of mangiferin in the forced swimming test (FST) and to investigate whether inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity contributes to the antidepressant-like effects of mangiferin. Acute toxicity of mangiferin was determined in male mice after p.o. (4984 mg/kg b.w.) and i.p. (490 mg/kg b.w.) administration. Single (dose ranging between 62.5 and 500 mg/kg b.w.) and repeated (250 mg/kg for 7 or 14 days) per oral treatment of mice with mangiferin decreased the immobilization time in FST. The antidepressant activity of mangiferin increased in a dose-dependent manner up to 250 mg/kg b.w., but no increase was observed thereafter. Mangiferin inhibited MAO A (IC 50 is 4.1 × 10 -4 M) and MAO B (IC 50 is ≈ 10 -3 M) activity in rat liver mitochondria. Our findings demonstrated that mangiferin exerted antidepressant-like effect in behavioral paradigms of despair possibly by modulating brain biogenic amines (norepinephrine and serotonin).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the broad leaf basil cultivars the concentration of linalool remained constant during the two cultivation years, while eugenol content varied from the first to the second year of cultivation, while on average for both cultivation years 3.8 mg g−1 linallol and 0.7 mg g −1 eugenoli.
Abstract: The essential oils yield and the chemical compositions of essential oils of broad and narrow basil varieties were assessed for two years. The essential oil was obtained via hydrodistillation and analyzed using gas chromatography. The essential oil extraction yield varied among basil cultivars. The oil extraction yield for broad leaf basil cultivars, Large Leaf Basil and Genovese, was 1.3% and 2.1% respectively, while narrow leaf basil cultivars, Finissimo Verde a Palla and Larosa Emanuele-Sementi, had oil extraction yields of 1.5% and 1.8%, respectively. Regarding the active substances of basil oil, linalool and eugenol were dependent on the cultivar and year of cultivation. In the broad leaf basil cultivars the concentration of linalool remained constant during the two cultivation years, while eugenol content varied from the first to the second year of cultivation. In narrow leaf basil the content of linalool content fluctuated with cultivation year, while eugenol was the same in both experimenta...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Isolate AL62 isolated from Antarctic soil was identified as Cryptococcus laurentii AL62 based on its morphological, cultural and physiological properties and was selected as an active producer of exopolysaccharide.
Abstract: Isolate AL62 isolated from Antarctic soil was identified as Cryptococcus laurentii AL62 based on its morphological, cultural and physiological properties and was selected as an active producer of e...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A thermophilic bacterial strain 438 isolated from the Rupi basin, Bulgaria, was chosen as a perspective exopolysaccharide producer and was taxonomically identified as Brevibacillus thermoruber.
Abstract: A thermophilic bacterial strain 438 isolated from the Rupi basin, Bulgaria, was chosen as a perspective exopolysaccharide producer It was taxonomically identified as Brevibacillus thermoruber. Among ten different carbon sources tested, maltose in a concentration of 1.8% provided the highest polymer production. (NHJ4)2 HPO4 (0.1%) was chosen as the best nitrogen source. The highest polymer concentration (78.1 mg/l) was synthesized at pH 8.0 and 55°C.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the preparation of spherical bacterial cellulose (BC), a novel biomaterial, and its adsorption capacity is charaterized, is explored; the effect of shaking speed and culture duration on fermentation production of BC spheres is analyzed; BC spheres are produced after 72 h fermention at 30°C with a shaking speed of 160 rpm.
Abstract: This paper explores preparation of spherical bacterial cellulose (BC), a novel biomaterial, and its adsorption capacity is charaterized. The effect of shaking speed and culture duration on fermentation production of BC spheres is analyzed; BC spheres are produced after 72 h fermention at 30°C with a shaking speed of 160 rpm. The spheres have a diameter range of 3–5 mm. The scanning electron micrograph photograph shows that BC spheres have a loose and porous structure. Repetition using tests on adsorption of Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Pb2+ had been carried out. The results indicated that BC spheres can be recovered from BSA-BC complex and Pb-BC complex by eluting with NaOH and sodium citrate solution, respectively. So BC spheres have a vast potential for application in the fields of biomaterial bioseparation and sewage treatment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: With the latest results, the effects of utilization of different prebiotics upon specific LAB-strains, their antimicrobial activity and the changes in the metabolites are described.
Abstract: Different non-digestible di- and oligosaccharides act as prebiotics. Common prebiotics in use include inulin and other fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GalOS), xylo-oligosac...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data showed that freeze-thawing was a suitable and economical permeabilization method for the modified cell of Lactobacillus plantarum, which made the yield approximately 20% more than the untreated fresh cell.
Abstract: Whole cell of Lactobacillus plantarum A6-1F was employed as the catalyst to produce CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) from LA (linoleic acid). In order to enhance the activity of the cell enzyme, we introduced the permeabilization technology for modifying cells. Data showed that freeze-thawing was a suitable and economical permeabilization method for the modified cell of Lactobacillus plantarum, which made the yield approximately 20% more than the untreated fresh cell. It was also observed that pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and cell concentration were the main factors that affected the yield of CLA and the reaction conditions of A6-1F were studied. Under the optimal reaction conditions (pH 7.0, 15% (w/v) cell concentration, 1.5 mg/mL substrate concentration, 37°C), the maximum production of CLA (275.7μg/mL) was obtained in PBS after 2h reaction. The main CLA isomer in the reaction mixture was c9, t11 CLA that has physiological activity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three strains isolated from boza and possessing significant amylolytic activity were studied for their ability to repress the growth of common foodborne pathogens and indicated possible bacteriocin production and made the strains desirable starters with application in cereals processing.
Abstract: The proved probiotic effects of boza consummation prompted the increasing interest in the microflora taking part in its fermentation. Boza is a rich source of probiotic lactic acid bacteria that ar...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Electrochemotherapy with BCG vaccine resulted in good local control of the disease, with a complete response of treated melanoma lesion.
Abstract: Electrochemotherapy could be considering as a good method for treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumor lesions. Here we report the case of 59 year-old woman with melanoma malignum cutis, who developed after axillary dissection, cutaneous metastasis not appropriate for surgical operation. Electrochemotherapy with BCG vaccine resulted in good local control of the disease, with a complete response of treated melanoma lesion.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This overview presents some of the most important secondary metabolites (antibiotics, alkaloids, high carbon amino acids, nitro compounds, diketopiperazines etc.) produced by Antarctic and Arctic microorganisms.
Abstract: Survival of microorganisms in the Antarctic and Arctic conditions of life requires of the relevant genera and species special adaptability and resistance against stressors such as lack of substrate...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Exposure of V. cholerae cells to PQ and H2O2 promoted oxidative stress and oxidative stress responses induced by •O2− (generated intracellularly by PQ), and differential adaptation of Vibrio cells to different toxic agents was demonstrated.
Abstract: Vibrio cholerae non O1 26/06, a non-pathogenic strain, was subjected to treatment by different concentration of paraquat (PQ) and H2O2. Exposure to PQ for 1 h caused induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion radical (•O2−) and H2O2. At the same time, second stress factor significantly inhibited •O2− production and enhanced the intracellular H2O2 content. The enhanced ROS generation resulted in a significant increase in the levels of oxidatively damaged proteins in comparison to the control variant. Thus, the exposure of V. cholerae cells to PQ and H2O2 promoted oxidative stress. Cell response against this stress includes activation of antioxidant enzyme defence. The treatment with PQ concentrations in the range of 0 - 5 mM resulted mainly in activation of SOD, but not noticeably changed CAT activity in V. cholerae non-O1 26/06. In contrast, effect of H2O2treatment on antioxidant enzyme synthesis in our Vibrio strain was still much more pronounced for CAT than for SOD. The...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first report for obtaining of triterpenes producing callus culture of S. tomentosa Mill and it seems that polyploidization of callus cell seems to be promoted by the growth regulators used for callus induction.
Abstract: Callus cultures of Salvia tomentosa Mill. were induced and analyzed for their capacity to produce oleanolic and ursolic acids. The obtained callus lines showed high variability in their biosyntheti...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was established that 12 days of cultivation on medium C were not sufficient to initiate embryo formation in the tested genotypes while the longer one (40 days) revealed their ability for direct embryogenesis, suggesting that the donor genotypes have specific requirements for nutrient medium and duration of induction cultivation.
Abstract: The in vitro response of anther cultures of 19 Bulgarian pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes among which eight lines, seven varieties and four hybrids was examined using two induction media (C and Cm) within two time intervals for cultivation—12 and 40 days respectively, and two regeneration media (R and Rm). Six lines, six varieties and three hybrids produced direct embryos in the cultivated anthers 35–40 days after inoculation in vitro. Regenerated plants were obtained from four lines, six varieties and one hybrid. It was established that 12 days of cultivation on medium C were not sufficient to initiate embryo formation in the tested genotypes while the longer one (40 days) revealed their ability for direct embryogenesis. Considerable percentage of embryos developed into plant-regenerants after being transferred on R medium (50-100%). Higher frequency of embryogenic anthers was recorded after 12 days of culturing on induction medium Cm but after their transfer on Rm medium the embryos did not...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of the effect of different thawing procedures on motility and fertilizing capacity of frozen/thawed grass carp semen as preliminary data to design future cryopreservation experiments indicates thatThawing rates significantly influenced motility, fertilizing ability and spermatozoa:egg ratio ofCryopreserved grass carp SEM.
Abstract: Cryopreservation of spermatozoa has been well developed in many fish species for resource conservation and aquaculture practices. There are limited data on the effect of cryopreservation on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) spermatozoa. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of different thawing procedures on motility and fertilizing capacity of frozen/thawed grass carp semen as preliminary data to design future cryopreservation experiments. Semen was collected by abdominal stripping from adult male grass carp. Collected semen was diluted with extender containing 350 mM glucose, 30 mM Tris and 5% glycerole (pH 8.0). Diluted samples were packaged in 0.25 ml straws and left to equilibrate for 30 min at4°C. Following equilibration, the straws were exposed to liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min and plunged into the liquid nitrogen (-196°C). For thawing, the straws were removed from liquid nitrogen and immersed in 30, 35 and 40°C water for 10, 20 and 30 seconds. In fertilization exper...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A search for plant substances corresponding to these requirements for antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of 14 extracts in different organic solvents from four medicinal plants found that they may contain valuable substances for application directed against pathogenic biofilms.
Abstract: Bacteria grown as biofilm cause serious trouble in medical practice as a source of both contamination of indwelling medicinal devices, and nosocomial infections. Biofilm microorganisms develop anti...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The proposed methodology allows for assessment of repair rate of the DNA damage of any type and in any DNA region undergoing repair irrelevant of the structure of the region in question and could serve as a basis for development of diagnostic methods for Assessment of the capacity for global DNA repair.
Abstract: Cellular DNA is constantly subjected to a significant amount of damage resulting from extracellular as well as intracellular processes. There are various mechanisms to repair DNA damage among which nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway has the highest degree of versatility for recognizing and repairing potentially hazardous DNA modifications. It is difficult, however, to measure the rate of DNA repair as the synthesis of DNA related to repair constitutes only a small fraction of the overall rate of DNA synthesis in the cell. The current paper presents an experimental setup that allows measuring the rate of repair DNA synthesis based on suppression of the replicative DNA synthesis in order to differentiate the repair-associated synthetic activity. The proposed methodology allows for assessment of repair rate of the DNA damage of any type and in any DNA region undergoing repair irrelevant of the structure of the region in question. It could serve as a basis for development of diagnostic methods f...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is implied that allicin had a potential as a hatching egg disinfectant since allicIn had no detrimental effect on the developing embryo and had no significant effect either on hatching or chick growth and development after hatching.
Abstract: Allicin, diallyl thiosulfinate, has a strong antibacterial activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible use of allicin as a formaldehyde alternative on broiler breeder hatching eggs. The lowest microbial counts on the eggs were obtained from formaldehyde followed by allicin. Microbial counts slightly decreased with the increasing allicin concentrations. Compared to the positive control formaldehyde, allicin treatment lowered the early and late embryonic mortality, and feed conversion ratio, but increased the discarded chick rate, pipping rate and hatchability of the fertile eggs. Allicin concentrations had no significant effect either on hatching or chick growth and development after hatching. These results imply that allicin had a potential as a hatching egg disinfectant since allicin had no detrimental effect on the developing embryo.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The place of H. pylori in the oral cavity and the role of the dentists in limiting the transmission of infection and consequently helping to reduce the risk of patient's reinfection are elaborated.
Abstract: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative microorganism and an important factor in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including gastro-intestinal perturbations (peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma), metabolic, autoimmune, vascular and systemic disorders.The isolation of H. pylori from dental plaque and saliva is of great interest in order for the role of the oral cavity in its transmission to be examined. It is considered that the oral cavity is the main extragastric “reservoir “and an entry of the infection and reinfection. Virulent H. pylori strains can be present, although seldom and probably transitory, in oral specimens from patients with chronic dental or gastroduodenal diseases or both.In the present review we would like to elaborate on the place of H. pylori in the oral cavity and the role of the dentists in limiting the transmission of infection and consequently helping to reduce the risk of patient's reinfection. On the other hand, the poss...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High-mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are major transcription regulators which are abundantly and ubiquitously expressed in undifferentiated cells but present at a low level in somatic cells of adult organisms.
Abstract: High-mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are major transcription regulators which are abundantly and ubiquitously expressed in undifferentiated cells but present at a low level in somatic cells of adult organisms. Up-regulation of HMGA expression is a frequent finding in cancer, either via direct stimulation of expression by constitutively expressed proto-oncogenic factors such as MYC and JUN or by rearrangements rendering the expression of the HMGA proteins not suppressible by inhibitory factors such as miRNAs. Rearrangements of the HMGA genomic loci resulting in disabling of the control mechanisms of their expression are often seen in tumours of various origin. A direct relationship between the level of expression of HMGA in mitochondria and the level of accumulation of oxidative damage in cancer cells has been recently noted. On the other hand, mammalian cells deficient in HMGA1 expression are also deficient in utilization of glucose and show the impairment in expression of the insulin receptor and the high levels of oxidative damage of DNA characteristic of diabetes type 2 and the related condition metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome could be viewed as a premalignant state in which DNA damage is slowly accumulating until the repair machinery of the cell cannot withstand the constant oxidative barrage and surrenders to neoplastic transformation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that the antioxidant content of samples depends on the analyzed material and on the grape variety, and show that ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Merlot’ grapes varieties are very different in terms of antioxidant content.
Abstract: The antioxidant contents of wines, seeds and skin ethanolic extracts of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Pinot Noir’ cultivated grape varieties from Recas winery were used in order to verify the influence of the analyzed material (seeds and skins extracts, wine) and of the grape variety on the antioxidant content of samples and to estimate the relationships between different grape varieties based on their antioxidant content. The results showed that the antioxidant content of samples depends on the analyzed material and on the grape variety. The results also show that ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Merlot’ grapes varieties are very different in terms of antioxidant content.