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Showing papers in "BMJ in 1973"


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Dec 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Unlike adjustments based on total protein or specific gravity, the adjustment on albumin in 39 specimens which showed hypergammaglobulinaemia on electrophoresis gave normal calcium concentrations.
Abstract: Two hundred consecutive specimens received in this laboratory for "liver function tests" showed a wide range of abnormal protein concentrations. Calcium concentration correlated closely with albumin (r = 0.867) but less closely with total protein (r = 0.682). A simple formula for adjusting calcium concentration was derived from the regression equation of calcium on albumin. Adjusted calcium = calcium - albumin + 4.0, where calcium is in mg/100 ml and albumin in g/100 ml.Low calcium concentrations were found in 49 (24.5%) and raised concentrations in six (3%) of the 200 blood specimens taken for liver function tests. After adjustment, the 95% limits of the observed range were identical with the 95% limits of the normal range determined in this laboratory. Unlike adjustments based on total protein or specific gravity, the adjustment on albumin in 39 specimens which showed hypergammaglobulinaemia on electrophoresis gave normal calcium concentrations.

781 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
03 Mar 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Cerebral blood flow was studied by the arteriovenous oxygen difference method in patients with severe hypertension and in normotensive controls and some patients showed an upper limit of autoregulation beyond which an increase of cerebral blood flow above the resting value was seen without clinical symptoms.
Abstract: Cerebral blood flow was studied by the arteriovenous oxygen difference method in patients with severe hypertension and in normotensive controls. The blood pressure was lowered to study the lower limit of autoregulation (the pressure below which cerebral blood flow decreases) and the pressure limit of brain hypoxia. Both limits were shifted upwards in the hypertensive patients, probably as a consequence of hypertrophy of the arteriolar walls. These findings have practical implications for antihypertensive therapy.When the blood pressure was raised some patients showed an upper limit of autoregulation beyond which an increase of cerebral blood flow above the resting value was seen without clinical symptoms. No evidence of vasospasm was found in any patient at high blood pressure. These observations may be of importance for the understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy.

775 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Dec 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: This paper will concern you to try reading eye and brain as one of the reading material to finish quickly to increase the knowledge.
Abstract: Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading eye and brain as one of the reading material to finish quickly.

668 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
08 Dec 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Measurement of beat-to-beat variation provides a simple test whereby cases of autonomic neuropathy can be screened for cardiac involvement and suggests that spontaneous vagal denervation of the heart was present in the cases studied.
Abstract: Evidence for vagal denervation of the heart as a feature of diabetic autonomic neuropathy has been obtained by monitoring beat-to-beat variation in heart rate. Nine diabetics with autonomic neuropathy were assessed; each showed a marked reduction or absence of beat-to-beat variation in comparison with controls. Beat-to-beat variation in normal subjects is abolished by parasympathetic blockade but unaffected by sympathetic blockade. These findings suggest that spontaneous vagal denervation of the heart was present in the cases studied. Measurement of beat-to-beat variation provides a simple test whereby cases of autonomic neuropathy can be screened for cardiac involvement.

641 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Dec 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: The diagnostic value of the pattern-evoked response has been assessed in 73 patients referred because of suspected multiple sclerosis and the high incidence of abnormal pattern responses, even in patients with no other ocular signs or symptoms, suggests that the test is of value in establishing the diagnosis.
Abstract: The diagnostic value of the pattern-evoked response has been assessed in 73 patients referred because of suspected multiple sclerosis. Altogether 52 had delayed responses. Fifty-one patients in the group satisfied McAlpine's criteria for diagnosing definite, probable, or possible multiple sclerosis. Of these, all but two had delayed responses in one or both eyes, while only three of the remaining 22 patients had delays. In those patients with multiple sclerosis but without any history of optic neuritis the incidence of delayed responses was only slightly less. Of 51 patients with delayed responses 23 had normal discs. Thus subclinical lesions of the visual pathways can be readily detected with this test. The high incidence of abnormal pattern responses, even in patients with no other ocular signs or symptoms, suggests that the test is of value in establishing the diagnosis.

547 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
08 Dec 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Children of mothers who smoked 10 or more cigarettes a day are on average 1·0 cm shorter and between three and five months retarded on reading, mathematics, and general ability compared with the offspring of non-smokers.
Abstract: A national sample of several thousand children has been followed longitudinally from birth. At the ages of 7 and 11 years physical and mental retardation due to smoking in pregnancy has been found, and this deficit increases with the number of cigarettes smoked after the fourth month of pregnancy. Children of mothers who smoked 10 or more cigarettes a day are on average 1·0 cm shorter and between three and five months retarded on reading, mathematics, and general ability compared with the offspring of non-smokers, after allowing for associated social and biological factors.

432 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
06 Jan 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Tamoxifen (ICI 46474) was given by mouth to patients with advanced, recurrent, or metastatic breast carcinoma and at a dosage of 10 mg twice daily 60% of patients showed arrest or reversal of tumour growth.
Abstract: Tamoxifen (ICI 46474) was given by mouth to patients with advanced, recurrent, or metastatic breast carcinoma At a dosage of 10 mg twice daily 60% of patients showed arrest or reversal of tumour growth At a dosage of 20 mg twice daily 77% showed arrest or reversal of tumour growth Side effects were usually trivial and their incidence was the same at both dose levels No patients showed virilization of fluid retention

370 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
06 Oct 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: A normal curve of fetal crown-rump length was derived from 214 examinations on 80 patients and by using these values in a further “blind” series it was found possible to predict the maturity of pregnancy to within three days, between the sixth and the 14th weeks of pregnancy.
Abstract: A method is reported by which the “in utero” crown-rump length of the fetus may be determined by sonar in the first trimester of pregnancy. The accuracy of the technique was assessed by comparing the sonar and the direct postabortum measurements of fetuses in cases of missed abortion. A normal curve of fetal crown-rump length was derived from 214 examinations on 80 patients and by using these values in a further “blind” series it was found possible to predict the maturity of pregnancy to within three days, between the sixth and the 14th weeks of pregnancy.

361 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
16 Jun 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Assessment during admission and at three months revealed statistically highly significant differences in respect of relief of pain and resumption of normal occupation in favour of the group treated by extradural injection.
Abstract: The effect of extradural corticosteroid injection in patients with nerve root compression syndromes associated with degenerative disease of the lumbar intervertebral discs was assessed in a double-blind controlled trial on 100 consecutive inpatients assigned by random allocation to treatment and control groups. Assessment during admission and at three months revealed statistically highly significant differences in respect of relief of pain and resumption of normal occupation in favour of the group treated by extradural injection. This treatment seems to be a valuable adjunct to the management of lumbar nerve root compression syndromes associated with degenerative disc disease.

310 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
17 Mar 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Hypothyroidism is a graded phenomenon, the most valuable features for defining the individual grade being the clinical manifestations, the serum TSH concentration, and the presence of circulating antibodies to thyroid tissue.
Abstract: Seventy-nine patients with hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disease were studied, and allotted to one of four categories on the basis of clinical and biochemical features. Firstly, patients with overt hypothyroidism had obvious clinical features of hypothyroidism and abnormal results from routine tests of thyroid function. Secondly, those with mild hypothyroidism, however, had minor and non-specific symptoms, but the routine measurements of circulating thyroid hormone concentration generally lay within the normal range, although they were significantly lower than those seen in subclinical hypothyroidism or in normal subjects. The serum concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was raised in this group and their symptoms resolve with treatment. Thirdly, patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were asymptomatic, had a raised serum TSH concentration, but all other measurements of thyroid function are indistinguishable from those recorded in people with autoimmune thyroid disease without disturbance of thyroid function and in normal subjects. Lastly, subjects with circulating thyroid antibodies, normal indices of thyroid function, and a normal serum TSH concentration were indistinguishable biochemically from normal subjects. Thus hypothyroidism is a graded phenomenon, the most valuable features for defining the individual grade being the clinical manifestations, the serum TSH concentration, and the presence of circulating antibodies to thyroid tissue.

297 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
14 Apr 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: One hundred patients with “definite” or “classical” rheumatoid arthritis were followed in a hospital clinic from within one year of the onset of the arthritis, but there was an overall deterioration in functional capacity.
Abstract: One hundred patients with "definite" or "classical" rheumatoid arthritis were followed in a hospital clinic from within one year of the onset of the arthritis. The average interval between onset and first attendance was 3.7 months. Onset was commoner in the winter, transient prodromal symptoms being noted in 23, with possible precipitating factors in 14. The serum rheumatoid factor test was positive at some time in 88.The patients were reassessed between eight and 14 years later. Seventeen died during this period, five possibly as a result of the disease or its treatment.The remaining patients had improved as a whole in terms of the blood sedimentation rate, haemoglobin, titre of the rheumatoid factor test, and status of the disease, but there was an overall deterioration in functional capacity. Both the rheumatoid factor titre and the functional capacity at an earlier review could be directly correlated with the outcome, but other factors were not found to influence the ultimate prognosis.

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Feb 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: A number of diseases of major importance are characteristic of modern Western civilization, and a rise in their frequency fofiows adoption of Western customs, with indications of their prevalence and importance as causes of death and mor bidity in Britain and the U.S.A.
Abstract: A number of diseases of major importance are characteristic of modern Western civilization. These diseases are rare or un known in communities who have deviated little from their traditional way of life, and a rise in their frequency fofiows adoption of Western customs. Available evidence suggests that all these diseases were rare or uncommon even in the Western world a century ago and that they are rare or unknown in undomesticated animals. Some appear or increase in frequency within a few years of exposure to a new environmental factor, others not until several decades later. The diseases to be con sidered in this connexion are listed below, with indications of their prevalence and importance as causes of death and mor bidity in Britain and the U.S.A., countries which represent the type of civilization with which these diseases are most closely associated.

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Dec 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: The results of conventional serum lipid and lipoprotein estimations were abnormal in the series but did not correlate with clinical findings or flow measurements at individual patient level, there was, however, a significant correlation between some clinical findings and the susceptibility of the red cells to autoxidation.
Abstract: Increased blood viscosity has been shown to be an important factor in reducing blood flow in a review and analysis of the history, clinical findings, and haemodynamic, rheological, radiological, and biochemical measurements in 126 patients with intermittent claudication. In some patients increased viscosity seemed to be the determining cause of claudication. A raised plasma fibrinogen was the most common single biochemical abnormality. The results of conventional serum lipid and lipoprotein estimations were abnormal in the series as a whole but did not correlate with clinical findings or flow measurements at individual patient level. There was, however, a significant correlation between some clinical findings and the susceptibility of the red cells to autoxidation.

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Oct 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: In this paper, a sample of 315 children, representative of the whole range of asthma in childhood, and a control group of 82 children were studied clinically and physiologically from 7 to 14 years of age.
Abstract: A sample of 315 asthmatic children, representative of the whole range of asthma in childhood, and a control group of 82 children were studied clinically and physiologically from 7 to 14 years of age. The asthmatic children were arbitrarily classified into four grades according to the relative frequency and persistence of their asthma to 14 years of age. Each of these grades could be more clearly defined on analysis of other clinical and physiological characteristics. The characteristics of severe persistent asthma were: onset usually in the first three years of life, a high frequency of attacks in the initial year, clinical and physiological evidence of persisting airways obstruction and pulmonary hyperinflation, chest deformity, and impairment of growth. By contrast, mild asthma usually began later in childhood, was episodic, and there was little or no evidence of airways obstruction between attacks. The attacks generally stopped before 10 years of age. In between these two extremes were two intermediate grades. The clinical and physiological characteristics of each grade of asthma at 14 years of age were usually evident by 10 years, and in the most severe grade by 7 years of age. These characteristics provide a sound basis for assessment, management, and prognosis.

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Mar 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Raised levels of cobalt and chromium are found in the blood and urine of patients with metallic total hip replacements and the long-term effects of the accumulation of chromium in the body need to be studied further.
Abstract: Raised levels of cobalt and chromium are found in the blood and urine of patients with metallic total hip replacements. When one of the hip components is made of polyethylene much less metal seems to be released from the joint. The long-term effects of the accumulation of chromium in the body need to be studied further.

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Sep 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Mestranol in this dosage appeared to be relatively safe, but it is too early to evaluate the long-term hazards of such therapy.
Abstract: The value of oestrogen therapy in the prevention of osteoporosis after oophorectomy was assessed in 114 middle-aged women who participated in a double-blind controlled trial of mestranol in an average daily dose of 23 μg. The skeletal response to treatment was measured by a photon absorption technique. Where treatment was started within two months of operation subsequent bone mineral loss was prevented. Treatment started three years after oophorectomy caused a highly significant increase in bone mineral content. When treatment was delayed for six years mestranol failed to prevent subsequent bone mineral loss with age. These effects occurred independently of the associated humoral changes in calcium and phosphorus homoeostasis. Mestranol in this dosage appeared to be relatively safe, but it is too early to evaluate the long-term hazards of such therapy.

Journal ArticleDOI
10 Mar 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: The rate of paracetamol absorption depends on the rate of gastric emptying, which is influenced by propantheline, metoclopramide, and other similar absorption interactions since drugs are poorly absorbed from the stomach and many therapeutic agents influence gastrointestinal motility.
Abstract: The rate of paracetamol absorption depends on the rate of gastric emptying. Propantheline delayed gastric emptying and markedly slowed the absorption of paracetamol in six convalescent hospital patients. Conversely, the absorption of paracetamol in five healthy volunteers was accelerated by metoclopramide, a drug which stimulates gastric emptying. The total 24-hour urinary excretion of paracetamol was not influenced by propantheline or metoclopramide. Other similar absorption interactions probably occur since drugs are poorly absorbed from the stomach and many therapeutic agents influence gastrointestinal motility.

Journal ArticleDOI
17 Mar 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Results confirm the usefulness of long-acting fluphenazine in maintenance therapy of chronic schizophrenic outpatients already established on the drug and highlight the need for adequate community services to deal with the residual chronic disabilities characteristic of these patients.
Abstract: A double-blind placebo trial of fluphenazine decanoate, a long-acting phenothiazine, was carried out to determine its value in maintenance therapy of chronic schizophrenic outpatients already established on the drug for a minimum period of eight weeks. In low doses it was significantly more effective than placebo in preventing relapse and admission to hospital. Relapse was accompanied by a resurgence of specifically schizophrenic symptoms and by an increase in abnormalities described by the relatives. There was no difference between the experimental and control groups in the treatment required for depression. The group on active medication required more treatment for Parkinsonism, but this difference did not reach statistical significance.In the context of a well-run special clinic for outpatient follow-up of chronic schizophrenic patients these results confirm the usefulness of long-acting fluphenazine. By inference, the benefit of this treatment highlights the need for adequate community services to deal with the residual chronic disabilities which are characteristic of these patients.

Journal ArticleDOI
13 Jan 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Tests showed that antibody to this virus was very common in the population and began to be acquired after the age of 1 year, and no clinical illness has so far been associated with the development of this antibody in a series of paired sera from children.
Abstract: Over 500 human sera were tested by complement fixation and haemagglutination inhibition tests for antibody to the human polyomavirus (B.K.). Both tests showed that antibody to this virus was very common in the population and began to be acquired after the age of 1 year. No clinical illness has so far been associated with the development of this antibody in a series of paired sera from children.

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Feb 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: These changes in plasma uric acid are significant and it is suggested that hormonal influences are responsible for the known age and sex differences in plasma Uric acid.
Abstract: Uric acid clearance studies were carried out on a low-purine diet in 22 trans-sexual men before and during oestrogen therapy for this condition (stilboestrol in 21 cases, ethinyloestradiol in one). Plasma uric acid fell in 15 of the subjects and urinary uric acid rose in 17 of 20 subjects in whom satisfactory collections were obtained. These changes are significant and it is suggested that hormonal influences are responsible for the known age and sex differences in plasma uric acid.

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Nov 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: In this paper, the clinical effects, changes in thermogenesis, and metabolism of the drug in the newborn were observed under carefully controlled conditions following the administration of diazepam to mothers in labour and they concluded that greater care should be taken in the use of this otherwise effective drug for the treatment of pre-eclampsia.
Abstract: Following the administration of diazepam to mothers in labour the clinical effects, changes in thermogenesis, and metabolism of the drug in the newborn were observed under carefully controlled conditions. A total maternal dose of 30 mg or less in the 15 hours before delivery had little effect on the infants' state. Larger doses, however, were accompanied by low Apgar scores at birth, apnoeic spells, hypotonia, reluctance to feed, and an impaired metabolic response to a cold stress. Measurement of plasma levels of diazepam and its active metabolite showed that both products were detectable in significant concentrations in some infants for up to eight days. We conclude that greater care should be taken in the use of this otherwise effective drug for the treatment of pre-eclampsia.

Journal ArticleDOI
10 Feb 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: The importance of prompt and efficient treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning and the need to follow-up all cases in the anticipation of a relapsing course or the development of sequelae are emphasized.
Abstract: Seventy-four survivors of acute carbon monoxide poisoning were followed up for an average of three years. In eight patients gross neuropsychiatric damage was directly attributable to the poisoning. Three patients had committed suicide and eight had died from other causes. Morbidity and mortality in those deliberately and accidentally poisoned was approximately equal. Of 63 patients alive at follow-up eight showed an improvement and 21 (33.3%) a deterioration of personality after poisoning, and 27 (43%) reported a subsequent impairment of memory. Deterioration of personality and memory impairment were highly correlated. The level of consciousness on admission to hospital in the acute phase of poisoning correlated significantly with the development of gross neuropsychiatric sequelae. These findings emphasize the importance of prompt and efficient treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning and the need to follow-up all cases in the anticipation of a relapsing course or the development of sequelae.

Journal ArticleDOI
09 Jun 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Of a series of 211 episodes of diabetic metabolic decompensation 37 patients, 37 had severe euglycaemic ketoacidosis, and in all carbohydrate reduction occurred with continued or increased daily insulin dose.
Abstract: Of a series of 211 episodes of diabetic metabolic decompensation 37 had severe euglycaemic ketoacidosis (a blood sugar level of less than 300 mg/100 ml and a plasma bicarbonate of 10 mEq/1. or less). All were young insulin-dependent diabetics, only one being previously undiagnosed. Vomiting was a common factor, and in all carbohydrate reduction occurred with continued or increased daily insulin dose. Treatment comprised fluid and electrolyte replacement and large doses of insulin covered by adequate carbohydrate, many receiving 10% dextrose. Alkali was either withheld or given sparingly and the therapy was monitored by serial estimations of plasma bicarbonate. All the patients survived.

Journal ArticleDOI
26 May 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: It was shown that neither the frequency with which the mother had fits nor the length of time she had had the epilepsy seemed to bear any relation to the frequency of defects in the offspring.
Abstract: The files of the Oxford Record Linkage Study were used to identify 223 infants delivered to 168 epileptic women as the result of 218 pregnancies. There were six stillbirths, two of which were grossly malformed. It was shown that the population of epileptic mothers differed significantly from the total reproducing population in respect of social class. Each pregnancy resulting in a livebirth was therefore matched exactly for social class, civil status, maternal age, parity, hospital, and year of delivery with three control deliveries resulting in livebirths. The defects noted at birth were abstracted from the Record Linkage files, and any subsequent hospital admissions or deaths of the children were also abstracted. There were highly significant excesses of congenital abnormalities among the infants born to epileptic mothers (13·8% of livebirths had some degree of defect of congenital origin compared with 5·6% of controls, P

Journal ArticleDOI
27 Jan 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: It is suggested that endogenous, locally formed PGF2α may play an important part in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.
Abstract: The influence on airway conductance of inhaled aerosols of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), histamine, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was studied in 10 patients with spirometrically reversible bronchial asthma and in 10 healthy subjects with no history of lung disorder. Both groups responded with bronchoconstriction after inhalation of PGF2α but the asthmatic patients were about 8,000 times more sensitive to the compound than were the healthy controls. In the patients, but not in the controls, PGF2α often caused a long-standing decrease in airway conductance with symptoms resembling allergen-provoked asthmatic attacks. On the other hand, the patients showed less than a 10-fold increase in sensitivity to histamine, and the ratio of histamine: PGF2α doses causing a 50% decrease of airway conductance was 2·6:1 and 2,400:1 in controls and patients respectively. Inhalation of PGE2 while moderately but consistently increasing airway conductance in controls, had a variable—occasionally slight bronchoconstrictive—effect in patients. The decrease in airway conductance by a given dose of PGF2α was little modified by the simultaneous inhalation of a 100-times higher PGE2 dose. It is suggested that endogenous, locally formed PGF2α may play an important part in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.

Journal ArticleDOI
28 Jul 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Cigarette smoking was found to have the greatest effect on symptom prevalence, followed by a history of a lower respiratory tract illness under 2 years of age, and social class and air pollution had little effect.
Abstract: The prevalence of cough during the day or night in winter has been studied in 3,899 20-year-olds. These were members of a cohort born in England, Scotland, and Wales in the last week of March 1946. The prevalence of cough and current smoking habits have been related to events recorded during infancy and childhood—that is, exposure to air pollution, social class of father, and lower respiratory tract illness under 2 years of age. At age 20, of these factors cigarette smoking was found to have the greatest effect on symptom prevalence, followed by a history of a lower respiratory tract illness under 2 years of age. Social class and air pollution had little effect.

Journal ArticleDOI
17 Nov 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: In a study of bowel function in normal subjects wheat bran or cellulose was added to the diet for four weeks and stool weight increased and faecal bile acids did not increase but were diluted.
Abstract: In a study of bowel function in normal subjects wheat bran or cellulose was added to the diet for four weeks (16 g/day). Stool weight increased. Intestinal transit time did not significantly alter. Faecal bile acids did not increase but were diluted. It seems that the effect of these materials is to produce a bulky stool and that any symptomatic benefit they produce is secondary to this.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: A self-administered symptom questionnaire was completed by 477 patients in a hypertension clinic and Bethanidine administration was related to postural hypotension, impotence, and failure of ejaculation but not to weakness of the limbs, blurred vision, depression, or diarrhoea.
Abstract: A self-administered symptom questionnaire was completed by 477 patients in a hypertension clinic. The complaints of the patients were analysed according to the type of therapy being given and the dose of drug taken. Methyldopa therapy was associated with sleepiness, weakness of the limbs, sleeping longer at night, and rising more frequently at night to pass urine. Diarrhoea, impotence, failure of ejaculation, blurred vision, depression, and the symptoms of postural hypotension were not related to methyldopa therapy. Bethanidine administration was related to postural hypotension, impotence, and failure of ejaculation but not to weakness of the limbs, blurred vision, depression, or diarrhoea. Patients receiving guanethidine complained of postural hypotension, failure of ejaculation, and had their bowels open more frequently. Similarly, patients receiving propranolol had an increased frequency of defaecation but also tended to complain of weakness of the limbs. Considering each drug individually, 5% of patients failed to take the prescribed dose of diuretic whereas

Journal ArticleDOI
31 Mar 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Relapses tended to be less frequent and be significantly less severe and of shorter duration in the linoleate-supplemented group than in those receiving the oleate mixture, but clear evidence that treatment affected the overall rate of clinical deterioration was not obtained.
Abstract: Seventy-five patients in London and Belfast with multiple sclerosis were given daily supplements of a vegetable oil mixture containing either linoleate or oleate for two years in a double-blind control trial Relapses tended to be less frequent and were significantly less severe and of shorter duration in the linoleate-supplemented group than in those receiving the oleate mixture, but clear evidence that treatment affected the overall rate of clinical deterioration was not obtained

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Mar 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: The serum androgen response to physical exercise was studied in highly trained athletes and in normal male medical students and the rise was independent of serum luteinizing hormone.
Abstract: The serum androgen response to physical exercise was studied in highly trained athletes and in normal male medical students. Serum androgens rose in response to maximal exercise and the rise was independent of serum luteinizing hormone. No response was obtained with submaximal exercise.