Showing papers in "Boletin De La Asociacion De Geografos Espanoles in 2008"

Territorial governance in the making. approaches, methodologies, practices

Abstract: I. INTRODUCTIONIn the last two decades or so, the concept of governance has found a central place in social science debate, focusing in particular on the shift from government to governance. Here, government refers to the dominance of State power organised through formal and hie-rarchical public sector agencies and bureaucratic procedures, while governance refers to the emergence of overlapping and complex relationships, involving “new actors” external to the political arena (Painter and Goodwin, 1995).Various theoretical perspectives have tried to conceptualise this transformation and its outcome (Pierre, 1999 & 2000a; Peters, 2000). For example, regulation theorists argue that the shift from government to governance is part of and a response to wider processes of socio-economic change manifested in a move away from a Fordist mass production system and an established Keynesian welfare State towards ‘post-Fordist’ flexible specialisation (Piore and Sabel, 1984). Fiscal crisis in western democracies, with the definition of new strategies for services production and distribution, the need for public-private coordination, economic globalisation and the growing importance of trans-national political institutions are elements of these processes, as underlined by Pierre (2000b). Jessop (1997) adds that central to these developments is the profound restructuring of the State and its changing role in governing the relationships between society and the economy. The so-called ‘hollowing out’ process of the State leads to a continuing loss of national level functions, while the local

Gobernanza territorial para el desarrollo sostenible: estado de la cuestión y agenda

Abstract: Territorial governance has become the decisive instrument for a more effective management and government of territorial development policies. Across the paper following headings analyze its strengths and limitations, the strategic dialectic relationships –in incremental synergy– between territorial governance, Lisbon objectives and territorial

Empleo de técnicas de regresión logística para la obtención de modelos de riesgo humano de incendio forestal a escala regional

Abstract: Este trabajo forma parte de la investigacion desarrollada por el grupo de Tecnologias de la Informacion Geografica del Instituto de Economia y Geografia (IEG) del CSIC en el marco del Proyecto Firemap, “Analisis Integrado de Incendios Forestales mediante Teledeteccion y Sistemas de Informacion Geografica” (CGL2004-06049-C04-02/CLI) y ha sido parcialmente financiada por el programa de Formacion de Personal Investigador FPI BES-2005- 7712 del Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia

El turismo en los espacios naturales protegidos españoles, algo más que una moda reciente

Abstract: TOURISM IN THE SPANISH PROTECTED AREAS, SOMETHING MORE THAN A NEW TREND Some protected areas have become tourist destinations. The activities and the kind of visitors are diverse and not always friendly with the protection values. It is not a new trend: the tourism is linked to protected areas almost since their creation. Lately the relationship gets closer thanks to several initiatives promoting nature tourism like the European Charter for Sustainable Tourism.

Participación pública, gobierno del territorio y paisaje en la comunidad de madrid

Abstract: El articulo aporta en primer lugar una reflexion respecto a la necesidad de dotar de una mayor participacion publica a los procesos de planificacion urbanistica y territorial. Se analiza a continuacion la realidad actual de la participacion ciudadana en el urbanismo espanol, partiendo del caso de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se presentan tambien los resultados de un proceso de consulta a la poblacion madrilena sobre la percepcion de sus paisajes y las dinamicas que los han transformado en los ultimos anos.

Dinámicas industriales, innovación y sistema urbano en España: trayectorias de las ciudades intermedias

Abstract: The article endeavours to provide an approach to the industrial dynamics of mediumsized Spanish cities. In addition to containing a survey of the conventional economic theories on localised industrial growth, the explanation stresses internal keys specific to each city, such as the possible existence of production systems that can activate virtuous circles of innovation. Evolution and sector structure within the Spanish urban system are therefore analysed, on the basis of business and employment figures from Social Security (2000

Territorial governance, participation, cooperation and partnership: a matter of national culture?

Abstract: Cooperation and participation are discussed as essential elements of territorial governance, with emphasis on participation and the effect of national culture. The experience of European countries is presented1 and placed in a theoretical context. Use is then made of the example of Greece to discuss the effect of socio-political culture on the adoption of participation and cooperation practices and territorial governance strategies2. The impact of a national tradition of patronage and client-relations has a negative influence on the prospects of a governance approach.

Las políticas rurales europeas y su impacto en Extremadura

Abstract: Rural European Policies and their impact on Extremadura. The current situation of the rural areas in Extremadura, characterized by a traditionally agricultural economy and intense emigration, are analyzed. However, during the last two decades a series of socioeconomic transformations have occurred and these are synthesized in the tertiary sector of the rural economies, in a multisectoral system of incomes, and in the population’s stabilization. Recent processes and the actual impact that the rural policies have caused through the Rural Development Programmes will be analysed.

La valoración del patrimonio geomorfológico en espacios naturales protegidos. su aplicación al parque nacional de los picos de europa

Abstract: espanolLos Picos de Europa son un macizo de alta montana atlantica situado al norte de la Cordillera Cantabrica. Fue el primer espacio natural de Espana declarado como parque nacional en 1918. Su excepcional paisaje se fundamenta en el modelado glaciar, fluvial y karstico, en un ambiente de alta montana con un clima de marcada influencia oceanica. La huella del hombre ha provocado importantes cambios en el paisaje, de forma que a los usos tradicionales agrosilvopastoriles se han anadido otros posteriores como la mineria, aprovechamientos hidroelectricos y sobre todo el turismo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es la aplicacion de una metodologia para la valoracion y evaluacion del patrimonio geomorfologico, a escala local en un espacio natural protegido, y enfocado a proporcionar un inventario y evaluacion de Lugares de Interes Geomorfologico atendiendo a sus valores tanto naturales como culturales. La metodologia se fundamenta en una herramienta base como es un mapa geomorfologico de detalle en el que se reune informacion sobre los procesos y sistemas de formas, sus caracteristicas y relaciones espaciales, asi como su evolucion y dinamica actual. A partir del mapa se realiza el inventario y clasificacion de los lugares de interes geomorfologico. La informacion contenida en el mapa permite elaborar una ficha descriptiva y una ficha de valoracion- evaluacion para cada uno de los LIG inventariados. Cada ficha incluye los aspectos mas relevantes que caracterizan a cada LIG: localizacion, definicion-clasificacion de tipo de LIG, morfoestructuras, sustrato, formas de modelado existentes, dinamica actual, elementos singulares, uso y gestion actual, alteraciones humanas, herencias, referencias y valores culturales del elemento natural, fragilidad natural, accesibilidad y vulnerabilidad. Las fichas de valoracion-evaluacion atienden a tres tipos de valores: naturales o intrinsecos, culturales o anadidos y de uso-gestion. En el area de estudio se han inventariado, valorado y evaluado un total de 22 LIGs de diferente tamano y caracteristicas. La clasificacion y comparacion de los LIG permite mostrar los problemas y potencialidades de uso de cada uno de ellos. EnglishThe area of study, located in the Cantabrian Range in Northern Spain, was the first area of Spain to be declared a National Park. The landscape is characterised by glacial, fluvial and karstic landforms, a high mountain environment with an oceanic climate and a high degree of human use and natural changes induced by mining and tourism. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology for the assessment of geomorphosites applied to Natural Protected Areas and local scale, focussing on providing an inventory and natural and cultural assessment of geomorphosites for consideration in the management. This methodology is based on the geomorphologic map to know the shapes, landform systems and evolution and the inventory and classification of all geomorphic sites. These data were collected from a detailed geomorphologic map, a descriptive card and an assessment card for each selected site. The card included the most important features defining the unit: morphostructures, bedrock, landforms, dynamic, singular elements, management, past human and cultural features, natural fragility, today's land uses and cultural values and unit vulnerability. The assessment card included points assessment of three categories: scientific, cultural and use. In this study twenty-two geomorphosites of different sizes and categories were selected, classified and assessed. The geomorphosites are classified and compared and potential uses are proposed.

“Urbanización sin fronteras” el acoso urbanístico a los espacios naturales protegidos

Abstract: espanolLos espacios naturales protegidos son una presa facil para el urbanismo especulativo y depredador ya que las amenazas urbanisticas que los asechan presentan un extraordinario polimorfismo. Es muy frecuente que el planeamiento urbanistico ignore la normativa ambiental y vulnere el planeamiento que rige esos espacios, tanto los Planes de Ordenacion de los Recursos Naturales como los Planes Rectores de Uso y Gestion, cuando los hay. El motivo principal es que la proteccion del medio ambiente y del paisaje se percibe, a menudo, desde la promocion urbanistica como un obstaculo que debe ser obviado. No parece ser ajeno a esta situacion de rechazo y bloqueo el hecho de que, con cierta frecuencia, el objetivo de la conservacion ambiental se haya contrapuesto a las realidades y necesidades socioeconomicas. EnglishProtected natural areas are an easy prey for predatory and speculative building development because the urban risks that threaten these areas are exceptionally polymorphic. All too often, urban planning ignores environmental regulations and violates any planning that may be in force in these areas, whether it be Natural Resources Management Plans or Use and Management Master Plans. The main reason is that defence of the environment and landscape are often perceived by real estate developers as an obstacle to be bypassed. The fact that, quite often, the goal of environmental conservation has been opposed to socio-economic realities and needs does not appear to be unrelated to this reject-and-block situation.

Turismo, actividades recreativas y uso público en los parques naturales. Propuesta para la conservación de los valores ambientales y el desarrollo productivo local

Abstract: espanolLa declaracion prevista de las Montanas de Prades (Cataluna) como Parque Natural sirve para fundamentar una aproximacion analitica, interpretativa y de accion territorial que busca compaginar el reto de la proteccion de los valores ambientales de los espacios naturales protegidos con la frecuentacion -creciente- recreativa y turistica. La aplicacion de tecnicas de diseno de producto propias de la gestion de destinos turisticos puede permitir conservar sus recursos ambientales, poner en valor sus atributos y dotar el espacio natural de competitividad territorial. EnglishThe forthcoming setting of the Prades Mountains (Catalonia) as a Natural Park lead to develop an analytical, interpretative and action approach that seeks to balance the challenge of the preservation of the natural values on the protected natural spaces with the increasing number of tourist and recreational visits. The application of product design techniques as those developed for the destination tourism management can be a tool for the conservation of environmental resources, the valuation of their attributes and the improvement of the place competitiveness.

Cambios en la cubierta vegetal y usos del suelo en el sistema Ibérico noroccidental entre 1956 y 2001: Los Cameros (La Rioja, España)

Abstract: Changes on the vegetation cover and land uses are excellent indicators of the environmental dynamics. In this context we are interested in quantifying and understanding the plant cover evolution in Los Cameros (western Iberian Range, La Rioja, Spain) between 1956 and 2001 in relation to the changes of management and land uses. The final objective is to gather the needed information to implement development models aimed to the sustainability of the landscapes and their ecological wealth.

Land-use regulations as territorial governance in U.S. metropolitan areas

Abstract: This paper reports findings of a comprehensive survey of local government land use regulations in the 50 largest U.S. metropolitan areas in 2003. It demonstrates that the federal system in the United States has produced a great variety of approaches to territorial governance, ranging from "free market" deregulation in Texas, to localist land zoning and planning in most slowly growing metropolitan regions, to advanced systems of growth management and "smart growth" in coastal states. These sets of approaches, termed "families" and "orders" here, associate with widely differing outcomes in land consumption, central city-suburban disparities, and housing affordability. Rather than a direct cause-effect relationship between territorial governance systems and settlement outcomes, however, the article suggests a complex and dynamic coevolution in which land planning and regulation, infrastructure investment, the characteristics of the built and natural environments, local government structure, state and federal laws, and households' and businesses' decisions about where to locate all influence one another. Unraveling this complexity requires new approaches and comparisons both within and beyond the United States.

Governance and geography explaining the importance of regional planning to citizens, stakeholders in their living space

Abstract: SUMMARY Governance is a process which enables states, local authorities, elected representatives to co-construct, alongside the population on every level, decisions for the common good with long term future consequences. After the study of how this concept came about, we will look at a conceptual structure and make a critical analysis by clarifying the theoretical presuppositions. Finally, geo-governance, or governance examined from a spatial viewpoint, will be defined by examining a few French and Swiss examples demonstrating the difficult path towards a collective decision involving institutions and citizens in terms of town and country planning.

Sociedad y desarrollo rural en Castilla y León: un estudio de opinión pública

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to analyze public opinion in Castilla y Leon regarding rural development policies. This information can be very useful in order to detect which is the social perception about rural problems, the objectives that rural development policies should pursue for the improvement of these areas and the measures and instruments that are considered more appropriate. This information could allow improving rural policies design and implementation according to this public opinion. Results obtained show the social concern about the problems of rural communities, and the perceived necessity of public intervention through specific measures focused in the economic and social reactivation of these territories. Furthermore, a majority of citizens thinks that it is convenient to continue implementing strategies and actions designed in order to avoid the continuous economic decline of rural communities, promoting the employment generation and fixing population in the territory.

El papel de los destinos turísticos en la transformación sociodemográfica del litoral mediterráneo español

Abstract: espanolEn el articulo se analiza el proceso de urbanizacion en el litoral mediterraneo espanol a escala local. Diversos tipos de municipios litorales son caracterizados, mediante el analisis de datos censales, en funcion de su comportamiento demografico, familiar, de consumo, calidad de vida y produccion de vivienda. Finalmente se discute el papel singular y distintivo que los municipios turisticos juegan ante la tendencia a la litoralizacion del sistema urbano espanol. English"The role of tourist destinations in the social and demographic transformation of the Spanish Mediterranean coast" The process of urbanization of the Spanish coast is analysed at the local scale. Different types of coastal municipalities are characterized, by means of the analysis of census data, based on their demographic, familiar behaviour, consumption, perceived quality of life and housing trends. Results point out that tourist towns play a distinctive role in the Spanish urban system.

Frecuencia y evolución de rachas secas en la cuenca del guadalentín (sureste de españa)

Abstract: In the present work some considerations are exposed on the possible recent variations in the evolution of dry squalls in the basin of the Guadalentin river, tributary to the Segura river (South-east of Spain). Is not observed a global clear trend in the studied period (1950-2004), though it is possible to observe certain manifestations of undoubted significance for the social perception of the agronomic droughts in the analyzed sector.

El monocultivo olivarero jiennense: ¿del productivismo a la sostenibilidad?

Abstract: espanolEl cultivo olivarero destinado a la produccion de aceite ha alcanzado caracter de monocultivo en amplias zonas del sur iberico. Esta opcion ha desatado importantes efectos ecologicos. Al tiempo, aparecen opciones de manejo que plantean la reorientacion de las explotaciones hacia metodos compatibles con la conservacion del medio ambiente. En el trabajo se explica el fundamento de estas practicas, el apoyo que reciben y la incidencia que estan teniendo en la provincia de Jaen. EnglishThe olive grove has turned into one of the most significant monocultures of Andalusia. The predominant forms of farming have also important ecological effects. However there have appeared forms of managing of the resources that evolve the incorporation of methods compatible with the conservation of the environment. In this work it is explained the basis of these practices, the support that they receive and the significant that they have in the province of Jaen.

The territorial dimension of a competitive governance in sustainability

Abstract: By governance we mean an approach allowing for a spontaneous development of a territory or city potentials, exploiting its internal resources through the choice of shared projects and rules started by the public management ability in creating a competences/resources network among all concerned parties. Governance therefore means a set of rules; acting according to the urban and territorial governance, they contribute to build and achieve the strategic planning goals. The application of these procedures does not precede or follow the planning choices, but rather it proceeds concurrently with them right from the beginning, thus determining the choice of a technical-political work methodology that ensures the transparent and effective behaviour of the parties involved for the achievement of the (public and private) goals, up to the final fulfilment of a policy, programme, and planning. In the field of territorial planning – regional, sub-regional and municipal – the public institution is responsible for determining rules through a plan or project. However in many European experiences this task has been transferred to private parties as common misunderstanding of governance. This paper deals with the rules the planning choices of the political-institutional government are carried out on the territory through, dealing with different public and private parties (stakeholders) in order to make “consistent” and “subsidiary” all stances, practices and procedures to manage and adjust supply according to investors, enterprises, stakeholders and citizens’ interests, in deference to the state-citizenship “pact” and “best practice” process of EU city and territory. In the next pages, governance will also be observed in connection with the structure (method and process) by which goals are established (in a territorial or a master plan) that orientate the regulations choice, thus determining the appropriate cohesive, competitive, sustainable strategies to achieve them, and monitoring their performance.

Conflictos territoriales y movilizaciones ciudadanas. Algunas reflexiones sobre las formas de gobernanza territorial actuales

Abstract: Even if the governance paradigm bets for a new opening scene and a major pluralism during the elaboration and implementation of the public policies, the proliferation of the conflicts related with the use and management of the territory shows the lack of enough

La crecida del Ebro de 2007: procesos hidrometeorológicos y perspectivas de gestión del riesgo

Abstract: espanolEntre finales de marzo y primeros de abril de 2007 el rio Ebro, el mayor colector mediterraneo de la Peninsula Iberica, experimento un complejo proceso de crecida. Este trabajo pretende analizar este proceso con detalle en sus causas meteorologicas y en sus consecuencias hidrologicas, siempre dentro del contexto de la gestion del riesgo de crecida en un entorno tan variado y tan intervenido como el de la Cuenca del Ebro. La originalidad de esta crecida radica en las tres puntas de caudal que se corresponden con las tres distintas fases atmosfericas: invernal, equinoccial y una transicional entre ambas. Las consecuencias en el Ebro medio abrieron el debate sobre las posibles medidas de gestion del riesgo. EnglishBetween the end of March and the first half of April 2007 the Ebro, the main Mediterranean river in the Iberian Peninsula, experienced a complex flooding process. This paper intends to analyze this process in detail both as for its meteorological causes and its hydrological results, always within the context of flooding risk management in such a varied and altered environment as the Ebro Basin. The originality of this flood lies in the three different discharge maxima corresponding to the three different atmospheric phases: winter, equinoctial and a transitional phase between them. Its consequences in the Middle Ebro opened the debate on the possible risk management measures.

Indicadores hídricos de sostenibilidad y desarrollo turístico y residencial en la Costa Blanca (Alicante)

Abstract: La disponibilidad de agua determina la capacidad de crecimiento economico de un territorio. La Costa Blanca es un area de escasez de recursos hidricos renovables que ha experimentado una profunda transformacion economica, demografica, social y paisajistica desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX a la actualidad. La confirmacion estadistica de este cambio se comprueba mediante el valor alcanzado por los indicadores al uso: participacion en el producto interior bruto (PIB), empleo generado, renta familiar disponible (RFD), aumento de la poblacion, grado de concentracion, etc. La nueva orientacion economica conlleva aumentar la dotacion de recursos de agua para garantizar la puesta en valor del territorio. La respuesta para asegurar el suministro urbano de las tres zonas es diferente: aprovechamiento de los recursos propios subterraneos en la zona norte, gestion conjunta de aguas superficiales y subterraneas en el sector central y mediante la infraestructura hidraulica del acueducto Tajo-Segura en la zona meridional. Estas actuaciones han permitido asegurar el suministro urbano creciente y posibilitar la sostenibilidad del desarrollo turistico y turistico residencial. El aumento de la poblacion y su concentracion en la zona litoral, el desarrollo de las infraestructuras hidraulica y de servicio, el consumo de agua, el aumento de la capacidad de depositos, el rendimiento de la red de distribucion, el caudal depurado y el nivel de renta son indicadores significativos que mejoran la competitividad territorial e individualizan a la zona turistica y residencial como un area de privilegio en el general desajuste del crecimiento economico y sostenibilidad, respecto al espacio interior.

Las citas internacionales de las revistas españolas de Geografía

Abstract: An abbreviated English version of the paper in the same journal is also attached (Boletin de la AGE 46: 389-391).

Dinámicas de gobernanza urbana y estructuras del capital socio-cultural en Lisboa

Abstract: espanolLas mutaciones de caracter paradigmatico que se desarrollan en la ciudad contemporanea estan mostrando diversos sintomas de crisis en sus sistemas de regulacion y de accion politica. Las nuevas tendencias politicas y/o los desfases producidos ante las dificultades de reforma en las estructuras de gobernacion urbana, tienen como consecuencia no solo la produccion de reflexiones de caracter mas critico, sino tambien una profundizacion analitica en torno a teorizaciones de importante contenido (tambien de tipo operativo), tales como la gobernanza urbana, el capital social y el capital cultural. El articulo propone la sistematizacion de una serie de vectores concretos para el analisis de la consistencia de los panoramas de gobernanza urbana y de capital socio-cultural para la ciudad -desarrollando asi un analisis critico alrededor de estos encuadramientos, para la ciudad de Lisboa. EnglishThe paradigmatic changes that are being developed in the contemporary city have been resulting in several symptoms of crisis in its regulation and political action systems. In the scientific fields, the new political choices and/or the gaps produced in front of the difficulties for reform in the urban govern structures, have been resulting not only in reflections of a quite more critical character, but also in the analytical deepening of theorisations with relevant content (including operational), such as the concepts of urban governance, of social capital and of cultural capital. The article proposes a systematization of a series of concrete vectors for the analysis of the consistence of the urban governance and socio-cultural panoramas in the city - thus developing a critical analysis of the respective frameworks in the city of Lisbon.

Planificación territorial, gobierno y gobernanza metropolitana en las grandes ciudades españolas

Abstract: The regional planning in Spanish metropolitan areas has been developing through different spatial planning tools, which include both the supra-municipal masterplans in the forties until the seventies, such as the recent and few developed regional planning derived from the new legislation of Autonomous Regions. For management planning those were

Dinámica de los incendios forestales en Castilla y León

Abstract: The dynamics of forest fires in Castile and Leon between 1983 and 2005 is analyzed, an extensive period that allows to study the evolution of the number of fires, of the burned surface and of the causes in which they are supported in this region, bordering with Galicia, and of behaviour similar to the Galicians. The key of these facts is in the conflicts of interests between the rural inhabitants and the various administrative bodies, sometimes overlapping and non-matching criteria, making it difficult to establish clear guidelines. On the other hand, forest fires have always been regarded by farmers as a cultural tool. That contrasts with the mentality of "citizens" urbanites, environmentalists and government officials, leading to serious problems of understanding and favours vengeance on the local population against what it considers harmful administrative measures.

La isla de calor en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: intensidad, distribución y factores condicionantes

Abstract: En este articulo se analizan las temperaturas del aire en la ciudad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Mediante la realizacion de transectos urbanos se han podido estudiar las principales pautas del regimen higrotermico urbano. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que Ciudad Alta se comporta como un enclave fresco, frente a las temperaturas mas calidas que se alcanzan en Ciudad Baja. En este ultimo sector se ha podido comprobar la existencia de una isla de calor, de caracter bifocal e intensidad moderada (3.4o C de media anual), que alcanza su mayor intensidad durante los meses invernales. Los factores que condicionan esta distribucion espacial de las temperaturas pueden establecerse a doble escala. A una escala de poco detalle, el principal factor de control de la diferenciacion termica es la altitud; a mayor detalle, las temperaturas estan determinadas por los usos del suelo y la intensidad del trafico.

Análisis de los procesos de cambio global: el caso del Robledal de Ridaura (Parque Natural del Montseny.Barcelona)

Abstract: Ridaura’s sessile oak forestland is located in the mountain range of Montseny (declared Natural Park —1987— and UNESCO’s Biosphere Reserve —1978—). It is a study site of great interest for the analysis of Global Change processes. This sessile oak forestland