Showing papers in "Bone in 2013"

TL;DR: This review highlights current insights in bone adaptation to external mechanical loading, with an emphasis on how a mechanical load placed on whole bones is translated and amplified into a mechanical signal that is subsequently sensed by the osteocytes.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is an upstream activator of BMP2 expression in osteoblasts, providing novel insights into the nature of functional cross talk integrating the BMP and Wnt /β- catenin pathways in osteoblast differentiation and maintenance of skeletal homeostasis.

TL;DR: The data indicate that AMPK controls osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells through both early mTOR inhibition-mediated autophagy and late activation of Akt/mTOR signaling axis.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that osteocytes are the major source of the cytokine RANKL involved in osteoclast formation in cancellous bone and thus bone resorption.

TL;DR: Segmentation of the transitional zone minimizes errors in apportioning cortical fragments and cortical porosity to the medullary compartment and so is likely to allow accurate assessment of fracture risk and the morphological effects of growth, aging, diseases and therapies.

TL;DR: A review of in vitro investigations into the mechanisms by which osteocytes regulate bone homeostasis and for developing therapies for bone diseases targeting osteocytes highlights the significance of these investigations.

TL;DR: The subject specific QCT-based nonlinear hvFE model cannot only predict femoral apparent mechanical properties better than densitometric measures, but can additionally provide useful qualitative information about failure location.

TL;DR: It is shown for the first time that there is a differential accumulation of the trace elements Zn, Pb and Sr in BSUs of human bone indicating different mechanisms of accumulation.

TL;DR: The results suggest that trabecular bone loss that occurs in adulthood may in part be due to a reduced mechanoresponsiveness in this tissue and/or a reduction in the induced tissue deformation which occurs during habitual loading.

TL;DR: Increased serum sclerostin and decreased s-IGF-1 were associated with VFs among postmenopausal women with T2DM, suggesting that sclerOSTin and/or IGF-1 may be involved in increased bone fragility in T2 DM and could be potential markers of VF severity.

TL;DR: This review encompasses many of the attributes of GCT, including the process of giant cell formation and the mechanisms of bone resorption, and accentuates the significant progress made in understanding the biology of the tumor, and discusses important areas for future investigation.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the key element in the cascade of events leading to failure of the largest and strongest bone in the human body is long-term suppression of normal bone turnover caused by exposure to potent anti-remodeling agents, most notably the bisphosphonates (BPs).

TL;DR: It is found that miR-133a was downregulated in osteosarcoma cell lines and primary human osteosARcoma tissues, and its decrease was significantly correlated with tumor progression and prognosis of the patients.

TL;DR: Teriparatide may assist in healing of atypical fractures and restoration of bone quality and is associated with 2-3 fold increase in bone remodelling markers and fracture healing.

TL;DR: Evaluation of the benefits and deficiencies of currently used cell lines/genetic models in understanding osteocyte biology underlines the current progress in this field and directs future efforts towards developing novel in vitro and in vivo models that would facilitate in understanding the multiple roles of osteocytes.

TL;DR: A dual beam microscope and the serial surface view (SSV) method are used to investigate the three dimensional collagen organization of circumferential lamellar bone from rat tibiae after demineralization and osmium staining, and identify 3 distinct sub-lamellar structural motifs: a plywood-like fanning sub- lamella, a unidirectional sub- Lamella and a disordered sub-Lamella.

TL;DR: TBS seems to indirectly reflect an alteration of bone micro-architecture in postmenopausal women with PHPT, and shows a better performance in individuating VF than with age, the reduction of LS-BMD and the increase of BMI.

TL;DR: It is shown that microRNA-124 (miR-124) regulates osteoclastogenesis of mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) by suppressing NFATc1 expression and a novel mode of regulation of NFAT c1 in osteoclasts is suggested.

TL;DR: It is suggested that adult HPP demonstrates a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations including musculoskeletal pain, fractures, chondrocalcinosis and dental anomalies with some overlap in laboratory characteristics in relationship to disease severity.

TL;DR: It is reported that apparent bone material toughness obtained from 3-point bending and axial compression is inversely correlated with the indentation distance increase (IDI) obtained from RPI with r(2) values ranging from 0.50 to 0.57.

TL;DR: In this article, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been shown to be crucial in bone development, and the response of bone to mechanical loading is critically regulated by osteocytes secreting sclerostin which binds to LRP5.

TL;DR: The evidence demonstrating that via these diverse mechanisms Cx43 is a key component of the intracellular machinery responsible for signal transduction in bone in response to pharmacologic, hormonal and mechanical stimuli is discussed.

TL;DR: The induced membrane (IM) technique is a thick, vascularised structure that resembles periosteum with a cellular composition and molecular profile facilitating large defect repair and therefore may be described as an "induced-periostEum".

TL;DR: This prospective study shows that in general population, TBS is a useful tool to improve the performance of lumbar spine aBMD for vertebral osteoporotic fractures.

TL;DR: It is found that the maximum endurable load and stiffness of the supraspinatus tendon attachment decreased after four and eight weeks of post-natal BtxA-muscle unloading relative to controls, which partly explain the observed decreases in the mechanical functionality of the tendon enthesis in the absence of muscle loading.

TL;DR: There has been a substantial decline in prescriptions and sales of oral and intravenous bisphosphonates for osteoporosis treatment in the United States since 2007-2008 and since 2010.

TL;DR: Although prior physical training in men, length of prior estrogen exposure in women and leg bone dimensions in both genders played a role, these factors play a minor role in the development of stress fractures in physically fit USMA cadets.

TL;DR: Future longitudinal studies are needed to establish the precise role of sclerostin and DKK1 in the pathogenesis of VC and the opposite association between AAC and the 2 Wnt signaling inhibitors is of interest and merits further investigations.

TL;DR: Results indicate that miR-214 is a novel regulator of Osx, and that it plays an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells as a suppressor.

TL;DR: The findings demonstrate that the functional and pathological interpretations that are increasingly being drawn from high resolution imaging of osteocyte lacunae need to be better situated within the broader context of normal variation, including that which occurs even within a single skeletal element.