Showing papers in "Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society in 2014"

TL;DR: It is shown that the poalean families diverged in the Late Cretaceous, a time of high levels of CO2 and high rainfall, and it is demonstrated that lineages with CO2-concentrating mechanisms inhabiting dry and open environments exhibited higher diversification rates than C3, shade and wet lineages.

TL;DR: The explanation of the observed levels of genetic variation in species of oceanic islands requires the consideration of many interconnected physical, biological and anthropomorphic factors.

TL;DR: The observations indicate that wood evolved initially in plants of small stature that were members of Euphyllophytina, a clade that includes living seed plants, horsetails and ferns and argues that axis rigidity in the earliest woody plants initially evolved through the development of low-density woods.

TL;DR: It is argued that OSM was the first to evolve, and the sequence of early branching lineages in Orchidaceae is identified, and its status as a founding event is supported.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on gynoecia in which the carpels are in a single or more than one whorl (or series) and show that the closure in the centre of the gynocium is imprecise as a result of slightly irregular development of the carpel flanks.

TL;DR: This study reinforces the idea that plant traits associated with island colonization and population persistence are, in addition to ecological conditions, important factors in understanding the patterns of diversification on islands.

TL;DR: It is found that diversity is strongly linked with precipitation, temperature, topographic complexity and the evolution of highly succulent leaves and wide-band tracheids and firmly placing the radiation among the fastest in angiosperms (diversification rate of 4.4 species per million years).

TL;DR: It is shown that species with sea-drifting diaspore traits were significantly associated with the success of plant colonization across the Galapagos Islands, and a net loss of dispersability for diaspores was not supported for the whole flora by analyses.

TL;DR: It is shown that, in Salix caprea (Salicaceae), temporal changes in floral scent emission during the day and night attract two different types of flower visitor: bees during theday and moths during the evening and night, which suggests that the emission of scent during the night and attracting moths have no significant effect on reproductive success.

TL;DR: The aim of the present study is to determine the exact number of the Balkan endemic taxa at specific and subspecific rank in the Central Serbia and Kosovo regions, as well as their distribution, and to perform a chorological and ecological analysis of this flora.

TL;DR: Acacia spp. were shown to be predominantly self-incompatible, but a low level of spontaneous selfing enabled the production of viable offspring, and self-progeny had lower viability than progeny from outcrossing for A.’sdealbata and A.melanoxylon.

TL;DR: Dimorphic fibres in angiosperm wood are defined when zones of two different kinds of fibres can be distinguished in transverse sections as discussed by the authors, where wider fibres are distinguished from axial parenchyma, which usually consists of strands of two or more cells each surrounded by secondary walls.

TL;DR: The results suggest that Fragaria spp.

TL;DR: Patterns of sex expression and sex ratios are key features of the life histories of organisms and Bryophytes are the only haploid-dominant land plants.

TL;DR: The phylogenetic framework strongly supports the monophyly of Erysimum and recovers some well-supported clades that are geographically, rather than morphologically, correlated.

TL;DR: The occurrence of B chromosomes in the dysploid genus Cryptanthus suggests ongoing speciation processes closely associated with chromosome rearrangements, and polyploidy is positively correlated with genome size.

TL;DR: It is emphasized that currently highly disjunct distributions can be shaped by both vicariance and long-distance dispersal, although their relative importance may be geographically structured along, for instance, latitude, as in A. eriantha.

TL;DR: A detailed molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Hawaiian species of this genus and compare the results with the other genera of Hawaiian Rutaceae, Platydesma and Zanthoxylum shows that there were two colonization events to the Hawaiian Islands, that Hawaiian Rut Families have an Asian, Australian or Pacific origin and that there was two independent colonization events of Hawaiian Melicope lineages to the Marquesas Islands.

TL;DR: A broader generic concept for Thapsia is proposed, based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region from 50 accessions of Thapia and representatives of all currently recognized genera in subtribe Daucinae, with strong support for inclusion of all the species studied here from Ammodaucus, Distichoselinum, Elaeoselinu, Guillonea and Margotia in ThapsIA.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the morphology-based taxonomy in the Petunia integrifolia species group does not reflect its evolutionary history, and revision of its species limits should incorporate the distribution of the genetic diversity.

TL;DR: Using the plastid genes matK and ndhF and a greatly improved taxonomic sampling, analyses firmly position Dulichieae and Khaosokia (79% and 85% bootstrap support) as successive sisters to a clade consisting of five major lineages, including Cariceae, sister to the Trichophorum clade.

TL;DR: The authors' results are consistent with migration from Africa into Sundania followed by numerous over-water dispersal events across Wallace's Line into Australasia and migration from Sundania to the Indian subcontinent and Pleistocene speciation indicates that sea-level changes during that epoch could have been responsible for some species diversification in Sundania.

TL;DR: Most leaf epidermal features show a mosaic pattern, although their numerous variations offered valuable resources for species identification, supporting recognition of Cyclobalanopsis as a subgenus of Quercus rather than as a separate genus.

TL;DR: Molecular data show that the population on the Hochschwab massif represents a genetically isolated lineage which is formally described as A. ovirense and diploid A. wulfenianum, and its morphological and ecological differentiation justifies recognition at the subspecific level.

TL;DR: Three major lineages in Polygonatum were well supported, largely correlated with geographical distribution and the most recent classification at the sectional level, however, the results did not support the currently recognized series, especially the two large series Verticillata and Alternifolia.

TL;DR: The genetic and morphological results strongly support the recognition of J. oxycedrus ssp.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that the function of smooth and pegged rhizoids is markedly different, as reflected by major differences in their structure, physiology and vital status, which raises novel hypotheses on patterns of rhizoid evolution in Marchantiopsida and opens the way for dissecting the molecular basis of rhzoid morphogenesis in liverworts.

TL;DR: Considering that the ontogenetic pathway for the formation of the petaloid calyx is similar and exclusive for Dipterygeae, it might be a potential synapomorphy for the group, with the presence of secretory canals in the appendices of abaxial and lateral sepals and petals.

TL;DR: To assess the origins of Hawaiian Coprosma, molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed utilizing sequences from internal and external transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the rps16 plastid DNA intron, from which phylogeographic patterns within the genus were assessed.

TL;DR: The equilibrium theory of island biogeography does not hold for measures of genetic diversity in the Channel Island endemic Acmispon based on island area and distance to the mainland, and plant diversity was a significant predictor of plastid genetic diversity when considering all samples.