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Showing papers in "Brain and Cognition in 2004"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examining some of the main constituent processes of cognitive control as involved in dynamic decision making: goal-directed action selection, response activation and inhibition, performance monitoring, and reward-based learning finds medial frontal cortex is found to be involved in performance monitoring.

1,334 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence shows that the orbitofrontal cortex is involved in decoding and representing some primary reinforcers such as taste and touch; in learning and reversing associations of visual and other stimuli to these primary rein forcers; and in controlling and correcting reward-related and punishment-related behavior, and thus in emotion.

1,278 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed in support of "The Somatic Marker Hypothesis", which provides a systems-level neuroanatomical and cognitive framework for decision-making and suggests that the process of decision- making depends in many important ways on neural substrates that regulate homeostasis, emotion, and feeling.

1,098 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The functional significance of the N2 in go/ no-go tasks was investigated by comparing electrophysiological data obtained from two tasks: a go/no-go task involving both response inhibition as well as response conflict monitoring, and aGo/GO task associated with conflict monitoring only.

670 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that orbital frontal cortex does not "inhibit" reactive aggression but rather may both increase or decrease its probability as a function of social cues present in the environment.

589 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings indicate that affective decision-making develops rapidly during the preschool period, possibly reflecting the growth of neural systems involving orbitofrontal cortex.

461 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Converging evidence from human lesion, animal lesions, and human functional neuroimaging studies implicates overlapping neural circuitry in ventral prefrontal cortex in decision-making and reversal learning and the ascending 5-HT and dopamine neurotransmitter systems have a modulatory role in both processes.

429 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings that autonomic measures and affective distress are related to response monitoring are consistent with anterior cingulate cortex function, which is implicated in the regulation of affective, response selection, and autonomic resources.

405 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present investigation was aimed to the study of the three attentional networks (Alerting, Orienting, and Executive Function) and their interactions and obtained significant interactions as predicted, which offer new insight into the functioning of the attentional system.

341 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that the P2a was present to task-relevant stimuli but had the same scalp topography and estimated source-dipole locations in both overt and covert responding, indicative of an index of stimulus evaluation, rather than response production.

329 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence suggests that the developmental roots of autism might lie in abnormal functioning of the orbitofrontal/medial temporal circuit which may, in turn, underlie the abnormal development of social-cognitive skills among individuals with autism.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This special issue of Brain and Cognition is intended to redress this imbalance by bringing together researchers who are studying the nature and development of orbitofrontal function from a wide variety of perspectives.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preliminary results from children aged 7-17 years and young adults using ERPs functionally associated with anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex, especially the orbitofrontal, ventral, and medial portions show that the ERPs associated with these regions are still maturing into late adolescence, and that their amplitude has significant correlations with behavioral capacities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings suggest that N2 reflected a greater significance of failed inhibitions after low probability stop signals while P3 reflected continued processing of the erroneous response after response execution.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that it is the altered integration and interplay of cognitive, emotional, self-regulatory, and executive/metacognitive deficits that contribute to diverse developmental frontal lobe syndromes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In children under three years of age, males performed with significantly fewer errors than did females on tests of object reversals, and sex differences were found in adolescents and adults on the Iowa Gambling Task.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This pilot study is a first attempt to determine if changes in fundamental frequency variability during speech, an acoustic measure known to be affected later in the course of the disease, are evident during the prodromal period, and suggests that changes in F0 variability can be detected as early as 5 years prior to diagnosis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of two classical themes in the cognitive science panorama: James Gibson's theory of affordances and Eleanor Rosch's principles of categorization are proposed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Empirical support is provided for the idea that inhibition does occur during choice RT, and the implications for various classes of choice RT models are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results offer support for the error detection account of the ERN and establish the role of uncertainty in predicting the CRN, as postulated by .

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Clear evidence for more accurate male performance was obtained for precise metric positional information in a wayfinding task and in an object location memory task and no sex difference characterized topological information processing (object-to-position assignment).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recovery of relevant visual associations (hippocampus and VLPFC) results in lower levels of mnemonic conflict (ACC) and decreased familiarity-based monitoring demands (DLPFC), highlighting the interplay between cognitive control and episodic retrieval.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: During exercise performance on tests demanding prefrontal-dependent cognition was impaired, while at the same time, cognitive processes requiring little prefrontal activity were unaffected, and the first attempt to study higher-cognitive processes during exercise is reported.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Simple and choice visual reaction times indicate that this advantage in discrimination on the vertical dimension could only be partly explained by better sensorimotor integration in adult musicians.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article discusses the phenomenology and natural history of normative compulsive-like behaviors as well as the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive continuities between typical and pathological obsessive-compulsive behaviors, and examines associations between children's executive performance deficits and their observed compulsive -like characteristics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that autobiographical recollection is mediated by a distributed fronto-temporo-parietal system, with the anteromedial prefrontal cortex positioned to integrate sensory information with self-specific information.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that this relationship is robust enough to be found despite the less than ideal recording conditions and equipment used during the original videotape recording, andVoice acoustical analyses may provide a powerful compliment to the standard clinical interview for depression.

Journal Article
TL;DR: There was no association with eye dominance, and therefore the Coren and Porac finding could not be repeated, but there was however a very significant association with handedness, left-handed subjects tending to report that the stimulus in the right eye looked larger, and right- handed subjects reporting that the stimuli in the left eye looked smaller.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results question involvement of the ACC in the detection of errors per se when controlling for conflict and suggest the ACC may not be involved in the generation of this ERP component.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings support argument that fluid intelligence contributes to executive functioning, but also show that the executive processes elicited by tasks vary according to task structure.