Showing papers in "Brain and Language in 2010"

TL;DR: The results link prediction during language comprehension to language production mechanisms and suggest that although older adults can produce speeded language output on demand, they are less likely to automatically recruit these mechanisms during comprehension unless top-down circuitry is particularly strong.

TL;DR: Current speech perception models are modified in three ways: specifying the most likely locations of dorsal stream processing units, clarifying that phonetic and phonological superior temporal sulcus processing is left lateralized and localized to the mid-posterior portion, and suggesting that both the supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus may be involved in phoneme discrimination.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used fMRI to study the organization of brain activity in two-month-old infants when listening to speech or to music, and explored how infants react to their mother's voice relative to an unknown voice, finding that the well-known structural asymmetry already present in infants' posterior temporal areas has a functional counterpart: there is a left-hemisphere advantage for speech relative to music at the level of the planum temporale.

TL;DR: No studies have satisfied all the criteria necessary to support the more specific neurobiological claims made by the two hypotheses-namely, that each level of verb meaning is associated with mirror neurons in the pertinent brain regions, which would require demonstrating that within those regions the same neuronal populations are engaged during (a) the linguistic processing of particular motor features of verb mean, (b) the execution of actions with the corresponding motor features, and (c) the observation ofactions with the equivalent motor features.

TL;DR: It is argued that language evolved from manual gestures, initially as a system of pantomime, but with gestures gradually "conventionalizing" to assume more symbolic form.

TL;DR: The characteristics and distribution of naming errors of patients undergoing cortical stimulation mapping suggest a widely distributed and heterogeneous cortical network that gives rise to differential patterning of paraphasic errors.

TL;DR: This review places equal emphasis on production, usage, and comprehension of vocal production because these components of communication may exhibit different developmental trajectories and be affected by different neural mechanisms.

TL;DR: Language laterality therefore may provide a novel way of subdividing samples, resulting in more homogenous groups for research into genetic and neurocognitive foundations of developmental disorders, and anatomical differences may be more associated with variation in language laterality than specifically with ASD.

TL;DR: It is shown that progressive sentences about hand motion facilitate manual action in the same direction, while perfect sentences that are identical in every way except their aspect do not.

TL;DR: Neuroscience and neurocomputational research offering perspectives on understanding abstract linguistic mechanisms in terms of neuronal circuits and their interactions therefore point programmatic new ways to future theory-guided experimental investigation of the brain basis of grammar.

TL;DR: In this paper, a subject with chronic non-fluent aphasia who showed stable deficits of elicited propositional speech over the course of 5 years, and received 1200 pulses of 1Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) daily for 10 days at a site identified as being optimally responsive to rTMS in this patient.

TL;DR: The unique morphology and biomechanical system for sound production in birds presents an interesting model for exploring parallels in control mechanisms that give rise to highly convergent physical patterns of sound generation.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the speech errors produced by PNFA patients are mainly errors at the phonemic level of language processing and are not caused by a motor planning impairment.

TL;DR: Functional connectivity, temporal correlations between hemodynamic activity of different areas, was assessed during rest before and after presentation of a movie of a weather report in Mandarin Chinese to Dutch participants, suggesting both pre-existing and learning-induced differences between the two groups.

TL;DR: Data from a large group of left-hemisphere stroke patients suffering from a range of language impairment provide compelling support for the idea that language is critical for higher-level reasoning and problem-solving.

TL;DR: ROI analyses reveal that reading is a less lateralized language task than listening in inferior frontal and superior temporal areas, which likely reflects the difficulty of the task as children in this study are still developing their reading skills.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that differences in linguistic information processing cause difficulties in metaphor comprehension in Asperger syndrome.

TL;DR: The increased brain activation to particles in real phrasal verbs reported here is consistent with the lexical enhancement but inconsistent with the syntactic reduction of the MMN, thus providing neurophysiological support that a congruent verb-particle sequence is not assembled syntactically but rather accessed as a single lexical chunk.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the very early functioning of the neural mechanisms underlying N400 generation is related to the infants' state of behavioral language development.

TL;DR: Functional magnetic resonance imaging and structural equation modeling are used to characterize the developmental changes in network interactions for audiovisual speech comprehension and revealed age-related differences in the functional interactions among these regions.

TL;DR: It is found that significant differences in activation were observed when comparing the sentence processing and probe phases with the sentence phase eliciting stronger semantic related activation while the probe phase elicited stronger working memory related activation.

TL;DR: Greys' physical capacities are reviewed-issues of auditory perception and production-then how these capacities are used in vocal learning and can be recruited for referential communication with humans are discussed.

TL;DR: It is suggested that discrepancies result from the organization of the primate motor cortex, which probably includes maps of the coordinated actions making up the individual's motor repertoire, rather than a single, continuous map of the body.

TL;DR: The view that the involvement of mirror neurons in embodied experience grounds brain structures that underlie language, but that many other brain regions are involved is developed, and Construction Grammar is used as a linguistic framework to get beyond single words to phrases and sentences.

TL;DR: Two experiments examined whether motor resonance, which has previously been found to occur on descriptions of actions occurring in the present, extends to descriptions of action intentions and found evidence for motor resonance on both current and past actions.

TL;DR: The different oscillatory patterns over different brain regions suggest that thematic and taxonomic relationships engage distinct neural processes, while taxonomy relationships may require additional inhibitory or attention processes.

TL;DR: It is argued that the mechanisms underlying interpretation, visual attention, and scene apprehension are not only in close temporal synchronization, but have co-adapted to optimize real-time visual grounding of situated spoken language, thus facilitating the association of linguistic, visual and motor representations that emerge during the course of the authors' embodied linguistic experience in the world.

TL;DR: It is concluded that those older adults with relatively better naming skills can rely on right-hemisphere peri-Sylvian and mid-frontal regions and pathways, in conjunction with left-hemispheric per-S Sylvianand mid-Frontal regions, to achieve their success.

TL;DR: Some overlap is suggested between the cognitive system involved in semantic disambiguation and the domain-general process of response selection required for the case-judgement task, consistent with the proposal that domain- general selection processes in inferior frontal regions are critical for language comprehension.

TL;DR: Schizotypal personality traits are associated with a dysfunctional lateral temporal language rather than a theory of mind network as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychology.