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Showing papers in "British Journal of Cancer in 1968"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Author commentary of the process is included to cover anticipation of the patient surge, transport of critical patients, and communication across all agencies--interhospital, local, state, and federal.
Abstract: The relation between cell proliferation and the vascular system in a transplanted mouse mammary tumour

715 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: ImagesFigs.
Abstract: ImagesFigs. 6-8Figs. 9-11Figs. 1-3Figs. 4-5Fig. 13

247 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of unstructured data: image-based clustering, image-free clustering and image-guided clustering.
Abstract: ImagesFig. 2

141 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of this communication is to extend studies in an attempt to define the role of sialic acid in the cell periphery as a barrier to the detection of antigens on a " non specific " transplantable tumour.
Abstract: A CARBOHYDRATE-RICH protein layer has been detected on the surface of many cell types (Rambourg and Leblond, 1967; Fawcett, 1964). Bennett (1963) compared this layer to a similar coat around protozoa and he called it the glycocalyx (\" sugar-coated \"), suggesting that it may be a universal feature of animal cells. Gasic and Beydak (1961) have drawn attention to the glycocalyx of several types of experimental tumour and demonstrated that it was rich in sialic (N-acetyl neuraminic) acid. This sialic acid is the major factor determining the net negative surface charge of many animal cell types and may well be involved in the abnormal social behaviour of tumour cells in vitro (Abercrombie and Ambrose, 1962). Furthermore, it has been postulated that the sialic acid content of the periphery of tumour cells may act in some way as a barrier to the detection of antigens by the host organism and thus help to explain the immunological paradox implicit in the growth and development of potentially antigenic tumours (Currie and Bagshawe, 1967). Studies from several laboratories have recently shown that enzymatic removal of sialic acid from the surface of some transplantable mouse tumours results in great enhancement of their immunogenicity and lend support to the \" antigen-masking\" hypothesis (Currie, 1967; Lindenmann and Klein, 1967; Sanford, 1967). The purpose of this communication is to extend these studies in an attempt to define the role of sialic acid in the cell periphery as a barrier to the detection of antigens on a \" non specific \" transplantable tumour.

139 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of the present paper is to show in further detail the relationship between the tumor inhibitory activities and in vitro enzyme kinet, and how certain other properties of the E. coli asparaginase which prolong its action in vivo may augment its ability to inhibit tumors.
Abstract: A NUMBER of tumors of experimental animals and of man are strongly inhibited in vivo by certain l-asparaginases (Broome, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1968a; Mashburn and Wriston, 1964). However, preparations of the enzyme from different sources vary greatly in tumor inhibitory activity. In previous work we have demonstrated 2 factors which may determine this: first, the rate of removal of the asparaginase from the blood of treated animals, and secondly the avidity of the enzyme for asparagine (Broome, 1965; Schwartz, Reeves and Broome, 1966). Thus, yeast asparaginase which almost completely disappeared from mouse blood within 30 minutes of injection, failed to inhibit tumors, while guinea-pig serum asparaginase with a half-life in the blood of 11 to 19 hours, was highly effective (Broome, 1965). This explanation cannot, however, account for observations with the inducible asparaginase of E. coli, for it is normally cleared from the blood with a half-life which varies in different preparations from 55 minutes to 3 hours. Yet this enzyme, when tested either 1 day after tumor implantation or when palpable tumors are present, produces a greater tumor inhibition in relation to conventional in vitro enzyme assays than serum asparaginase of the guinea-pig or agouti (Schwartz, Reeves and Broome, 1966; Mashburn et al., 1967). Its effectiveness in vivo has been related to a particularly high avidity for asparagine (Schwartz, Reeves and Broome, 1966). The purpose of the present paper is to show in further detail the relationship between the tumor inhibitory activities and in vitro enzyme kinet.ics of asparaginases from E. coli and a agouti serum, and in addition to show how certain other properties of the E. coli asparaginase which prolong its action in vivo may augment its ability to inhibit tumors.

79 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: If, as it appears, radiation-induced damage to the stroma makes no measurable contribution to the eradication or " cure " of a tumour, the question remains whether such damage influences the character of the changes of tumour volume which are brought about by irradiation of a malignant tumour in vivo.
Abstract: THE obvious structural and functional interdependence of normal tissue stroma and malignant cells in solid tumours persuaded the earliest radiobiological investigators that the effect of ionising radiation on these composite structures was the resultant of separate damage to the normal and malignant tissue components. It is understandable that, with a persistent inability to quantitate separately the damage to either component, unlimited scope prevailed for the assertion of rival theories in which the response of a tumour was attributed preferentially to direct damage to one or other component. Histological study of irradiated experimental tumours is of very limited value in assessing the contribution of direct stromal damage. This follows from the fact that direct damage to blood vessels is not readily distinguishable from changes consequent on the regression of stroma which must be expected to follow the dissolution of tumour cells whose reproductive integrity has been directly damaged by the irradiation. Recent developments in the quantitative radiobiology of mammalian tumour cells irradiated in vivo have encouraged interpretations of tumour response which refer, often exclusively, to the direct effect of radiation on the clonogenic cell population of the tumour. Such exclusive consideration has undoubtedly been proved to be justified in respect of the relation between the estimated size of a tumour cell population in a tumour and the single dose of radiation required for its cure under specified conditions of oxygenation. This relation has been found to accord with the predictions of relevant radiation survival curves (Hewitt, 1963; Reinhold and De Bree, 1966), this last information being obtained under conditions where stromal changes make no contribution. Suit, Shalek and Wette (1964) conclude from their extensive dose-cure studies of murine adenocarcinoma that their results \" do not indicate a tissue effect on cellular radiosensitivity, tumour bed effect on tumour curability, or non-specific host-tumour effect \". If, as it appears, radiation-induced damage to the stroma makes no measurable contribution to the eradication or \" cure \" of a tumour, the question remains whether such damage influences the character of the changes of tumour volume which are brought about by irradiation of a tumour in vivo. The consideration achieves particular importance when attempts are made to interpret tumour regrowth curves in terms of survival curves for the clonogenic tumour cells. Thomlinson and Craddock (1967) state that, for the rat fibrosarcoma they studied, the oxygen enhancement ratio determined from measurements of the growth response of their …

70 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The correlation of promotion of tumour growth and of induction of hyperplasia in epidermal two-stage carcinogenesis is studied.
Abstract: The correlation of promotion of tumour growth and of induction of hyperplasia in epidermal two-stage carcinogenesis

66 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is a selection of photographs from around the world taken in the period of May 21 to 29, 1997, as part of the celebrations to mark the 70th anniversary of the United States Declaration of Independence.
Abstract: ImagesFigs. 9-12Figs. 13-16Figs. 1-4Figs. 5-8

65 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The clinical features and value of treatment, measured by 5-year survival experience and rate of recurrence, for a series of 111 patients seen in South Wales between the years 1941 and 1961 are described.
Abstract: MALIGNANT melanoma is a disease of antiquity, as shown by the discovery of melanotic deposits in the bones of pre-columbian Inca mummies (Urtega and Pack, 1966). Malignant melanoma is a rare disease. The incidence in South Wales is of the order of 1V6 per 100,000 for females, and 1*4 per 100,000 for males (Cancer Registration 1960-63). This incidence is similar to the American figure of 1*7 per 100,000 (Beerman et al., 1955) and much lower than the 14-3 per 100,000 quoted for Australia (Davis and Herron, 1966). This paper describes the clinical features and value of treatment, measured by 5-year survival experience and rate of recurrence, for a series of 111 patients seen in South Wales between the years 1941 and 1961. All of these patients were Caucasians. In 89, adequate pathological material was available and the clinico-pathological correlation is reported in the following paper (Williams et al., 1968). The clinical features examined were: sex, age, size, site, palpable regional nodes, pre-existing lesion, duration of symptoms, and the method of biopsy. All the survivors have been followed by interview and by clinical examination, and only those alive on the 5th (or later) anniversary of their treatment have been included in the survival tables. Survival rates have been calculated from the time of treatment of the primary disease, and not from the onset of the disease as others have done (Mundth et al., 1965). Though no distinction has been made between deaths from melanoma and deaths from other causes in the 5-year period, 69 were attributed to melanoma and 4 to other causes.

58 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of unstructured data.Fig. 1 : Fig. 2 : Figure 1 : Unstructured Data Table.
Abstract: ImagesFig. 1

57 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effect of neuraminidase on the immunogenicity of the Landschutz ascites tumour: site and mode of action.
Abstract: The effect of neuraminidase on the immunogenicity of the Landschutz ascites tumour: site and mode of action

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cytogenetic evolution and clonal proliferation in acute transformation of chronic granulocytic leukaemia was studied in this paper, where the authors showed that the clonality of leukocyte-derived leucocyte clusters was correlated with the evolution of leucocytosis.
Abstract: Cytogenetic evolution and clonal proliferation in acute transformation of chronic granulocytic leukaemia

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of homonymity in image captioning:Fig. 6-9.2.3.4.1.
Abstract: ImagesFig. 6-9

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effect of thymectomy and of the dose of 3-methylcholanthrene on the induction and antigenic properties of sarcomas in C57Bl mice is studied.
Abstract: The effect of thymectomy and of the dose of 3-methylcholanthrene on the induction and antigenic properties of sarcomas in C57Bl mice

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of "missing links" in the literature.ImagesFigs. 1.4.1-4, Fig.
Abstract: ImagesFigs. 1-4

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The presence and, where appropriate, extent and grade of the following features were related to 5 year survival rate: polypoid growth, ulceration, hairs, epidermal hyperplasia, depth of spread, junctional activity, cell morphology, naevoid pattern, mitotic rate, pigmentation, giant cells, vessel invasion and round cell infiltration.
Abstract: THE histological features which distinguish a malignant melanoma from a benign naevus cell tumour include the following: active, atypical, irregular naevus cell proliferation at, and with destruction of, epidermal-dermal junction, invasion of dermis and epidermis often with ulceration, disorderly cell distribution with loss of naevus nest pattern, frequency of mitoses, nuclear hyperchromasia and cellular pleomorphism; melanin pigment though sometimes increased may be absent. There is a wide variation in the reported 5 year survival of patients with malignant melanomas, ranging from 05 Y% (Bloodgood, 1922) to 50 % (Mehnert and Heard, 1965). Equally, there are divergent views as to the relative merits and even the value of histology in assessing prognosis. We therefore assessed the prognostic value of a number of histological features in 89 of the 111 cases reported in the preceding paper (Jones et al., 1968). The presence and, where appropriate, extent and grade of the following features were related to 5 year survival rate: polypoid growth, ulceration, hairs, epidermal hyperplasia, depth of spread, junctional activity, cell morphology, naevoid pattern, mitotic rate, pigmentation, giant cells, vessel invasion and round cell infiltration. It should be noted that the present series includes no cases of junctional, in situ, juvenile, mucous membrane or eye melanomata.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concentration of HCG in the plasma and spinal fluid of patients with trophoblastic tumours in the central nervous system is studied to establish a histological association between HCG levels and tumourigenicity.
Abstract: The concentration of HCG in the plasma and spinal fluid of patients with trophoblastic tumours in the central nervous system

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanism of carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke is explained and a prediction from the thiol-defence hypothesis is made that tobacco smoke-related cancers are more likely to occur in women than in men.
Abstract: The mechanism of carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke. Further experimental evidence and a prediction from the thiol-defence hypothesis

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is still not clear whether pemphigoid is associated with malignant neoplasms more commonly than one would expect by chance, but a strong body of dermatological opinion accepts the significance of this association.
Abstract: IT is still not clear whether pemphigoid is associated with malignant neoplasms more commonly than one would expect by chance. A strong body of dermatological opinion, however, (for example Sneddon, 1963; Wilson, 1967; Cormia, 1968) accepts the significance ofthis association. Only reports since 1953 can be relevant as it was in this year that pemphigoid was separated from the other blistering diseases (Lever, 1953). In a survey of the recent literature, Boyd (1964) found 9 cases in which pemphigoid was accompanied by malignancy and described a tenth. We have since seen detailed descriptions of a further 6 cases (Morandi et al., 1964-2 cases; Abadir, 1967-1 case) and brief mention of 6 more (Skog, 1964 2 cases; Cormia and Domonkos 1965-2 cases; Barlow, 1967-2 cases). We present here details of 7 patients in whom this association occurred. Particular attention has been paid to the progress of the malignancy in relation to the state of the skin. Two cases (Case 1-Marks, 1961; Case 2-Ive, 1963) have already been described; we can add follow-up and post-mortem reports.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The general feasibility of controlling tumour growth and of eliminating tumours with anti-mitotic agents, in the absence of classical drug resistance, has received little attention and it is the purpose of this paper to examine this question.
Abstract: CELLS in mitosis, or preparing for mitosis, have proved susceptible to a wide range of compounds. Encouragement to continued efforts to find more effective anti-mitotics has come from the ability of existing agents to achieve the frequent cure of some patients with gestational choriocarcinoma, the less regular cure of patients with some other uncommon solid tumours, and a high rate of temporary remission in many leukaemias. Except for this relatively small range ofneoplasms, aniti-mitotics have so far been found to have only limited value. It is recognised that to be more effective they require an additional basis for selective action against tumour cells (Haddow, 1963) but in general their failure has been attributed to the development of resistance operating through the classical mechanisms of variation and selection (Law, 1956; Potter, 1958; Klein, 1961; Welch, 1965). The general feasibility of controlling tumour growth and of eliminating tumours with anti-mitotic agents, in the absence of classical drug resistance, has received little attention and it is the purpose of this paper to examine this question. Tumour growth has been studied in terms of change of volume as a function of time and in terms of cell proliferation kinetics. The less studied inter-relationship of these two functions is central to our understanding of tumour growth but it is complicated by two factors. One is that some tumour cells die and the other is that tumours do not usually consist exclusively of fertile or proliferative tumour cells (Table I). A consideration of this inter-relationship precedes the present analysis of anti-mitotic action.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of "missing links".Figs 1-3Figs. 4-5 and Fig. 6-7.
Abstract: ImagesFigs. 1-3Figs. 4-5

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is considered that proliferating epidermal cells are more susceptible to the action of the carcinogens perhaps during replication of DNA.
Abstract: Groups of mice were given a single application of acetic acid to one side of the skin of the back. Other groups were given an application of croton oil to the whole area of the skin of the back, a control group had no application of croton oil. At the same time as, 24 hours, 72 hours, or 9 days after the application of acetic acid or croton oil, the mice were given a single application of one of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons DMBA, BP or DBA, to the whole area of the skin of the back. The number of tumours produced was greater in areas that had the preliminary treatment with acetic acid or croton oil at the same time or 24 hours before the carcinogen. There was a doubtful effect at an interval of 3 days and no effect at 9 days. It is considered that proliferating epidermal cells are more susceptible to the action of the carcinogens perhaps during replication of DNA.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluation of the rate at which cancer incidence increases with age gives additional useful data for establishing the degree of cancer risk in a given population, when considered together with evaluation of the incidence rate.
Abstract: THE Bombay Cancer Registryt has been in operation since June 1963 and reliable morbidity data on cancer are being obtained for the first time in India, from a precisely outlined population group resident within strict geographical limits. Techniques of proved value, used by well-established registers, have been adopted. In this report, the results ofthe first 2 years ofthe survey (1964-65) are presented and an assessment is made of the value of the diagnostic criteria used. Evaluation of the rate at which cancer incidence increases with age gives additional useful data for establishing the degree of cancer risk in a given population, when considered together with evaluation of the incidence rate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Images courtesy of AFP, EPA, Getty Images and Reuters.
Abstract: ImagesFig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 7Fig. 3

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is a selection of photographs from around the world taken in the period of May 21 to 29, 1997, as part of the 70th anniversary celebrations of the United States Declaration of Independence.
Abstract: ImagesFigs. 12-14Figs. 1-2Figs. 3-8Figs. 9-11

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pathological and cytogenetic observations on the naturally occurring canine venereal tumour in Jamaica (Sticker's tumour) were performed by as discussed by the authors, and the results showed that it is a benign tumor.
Abstract: Pathological and cytogenetic observations on the naturally occurring canine venereal tumour in Jamaica (Sticker's tumour)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The combination of mammary carcinoma and pregnancy is nevertheless unusual enough to warrant the publication of further experience.
Abstract: COINCIDENT pregnancy and carcinoma of the breast is relatively rare. The inicidence reported in the literature ranges from 0 43 per cent (Devitt et al., 1964) to 4 per cent (Helman and Bennett, 1963). Most of the materials presented in the literature comprise a couple of cases (e.g. Robinson, 1965; Donegan, 1967). Somewhat larger materials and reviews of the literature have been published, as for example by Westberg (1946), Adair (1953), White (1954, 1955), Holleb and Farrow (1962), Miller (1962), Rosemond (1964) and Peters and Meakin (1965). It was generally held earlier that the cases in which carcinoma of the breast is comnplicated by pregnancy are rather hopeless (e.g. Bromeis, 1939; Kettunen, 1946). More recently however, a more optimistic view has been expressed in the literature (e.g. Westberg, 1946; Brooks and Proffitt, 1949; Devitt et al., 1964; Schumacher, 1964; Peters and Meakin, 1965). The combination of mammary carcinoma and pregnancy is nevertheless unusual enough to warrant the publication of further experience.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: All photographs courtesy of AFP, AP, EPA, Getty Images and Reuters.
Abstract: ImagesFig. 3Fig. 4Figs. 5-6Figs. 7-8Fig. 1Fig. 2

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is a selection of short films from around the world that were shot in the period of May 21 to 29, 1997, as part of the 70th anniversary celebrations of the United States Declaration of Independence.
Abstract: ImagesFigs. 3-4Figs. 5-6Figs. 7-9Figs. 13-15Figs. 1-2Figs. 10-12