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Showing papers in "British Journal of Sociology in 1994"



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Sociology of Scotland as mentioned in this paper is a stateless, non-sectarian, and stateless country with a focus on the sociology of the past, present, and future.
Abstract: Introduction: The Sociology of Scotland 1. What is Scotland? 2. Understanding Scotland's Development 3. Is Scotland Different? 4. Getting On in Scotland 5. Who Runs Scotland? 6. Politics in a Cold Country 7. Scottish Culture: Images and Icons 8. The Sociology of a Stateless Nation Bibliography

338 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The proportion of young women being offered and using drugs and the prevalence of drug trying amongst young people in 'middle-class' schools, suggests a substantial social transformation is underway in respect of recreational drug use.
Abstract: An anonymous self-report survey of drug use among a cohort of 776 14-15 year olds in North-West England was conducted at the end of 1991, aiming to estimate prevalence and profile users. Six in 10 reported being offered drugs, and 36 per cent to using drugs (20 per cent in the past month). Over half of those offered drugs had tried them. Lifetime prevalence was highest for cannabis (32 per cent), with five other drugs each being used by 10-14 per cent. Three groups identified were cannabis smokers, solvents sniffers, and stimulant/psychedelic (or dance drug) users. The population parameters of drug use were estimated at 33-40 per cent, suggesting up to 200,000 local young adults have used drugs. Most significantly, the proportion of young women being offered and using drugs and the prevalence of drug trying amongst young people in 'middle-class' schools, suggests a substantial social transformation is underway in respect of recreational drug use. The results of this survey confirm a general trend apparent in other British studies. As this cohort is tracked into the mid 1990s, the sociological implications will be significant.

173 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the maintien de l'ordre et la securite ont ete constitues par les communications institutionnelles dans la « societe du risque » moderne.
Abstract: Les principes de la recherche sur le maintien de l'ordre et la securite sont critiques et un modele alternatif est developpe. Face a la demande de nombreuses institutions de securite, la police doit fournir non seulement des services adaptes mais egalement un savoir d'expert. Cet article propose de comprendre comment le maintien de l'ordre et la securite ont ete constitues par les communications institutionnelles dans la « societe du risque » moderne. Des implications quant a l'arbitraire de la police, a l'ordre de la communaute et la perpetuation de l'insecurite sont enoncees

135 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine a transcript of an interview between a sociological researcher and an educational psychologist, in which psychological referrals and the 'work problems' associated with them are discussed.
Abstract: We review the ubiquitous remedial perspective evident in methodological discussions of the interview and we explicate the presuppositions of such discussions. We contrast this perspective with a view of interviews as interactional events, the organization of which is locally managed and practically accomplished. We then examine a transcript of an interview between a sociological researcher and an educational psychologist, in which psychological referrals and the 'work problems' associated with them are discussed. The analysis is divided into two main parts. In the first we consider the sequential ordering of the cases discussed in the interview. In the second we examine some formulating work through which recognizably sociological data is produced. We show how the 'logic' of educational psychological work is incarnate to the interview and the practices through which it is accomplished.

112 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors describe the poverty of research from knowledge to understanding in a randomized controlled trial with women at risk of the randomized controlled trials, and the results showed that women were more likely to be at risk than men.
Abstract: Social origins \"A Friend a Day Keeps the Doctor Away\" - social support and health sickness in Salonica and other stories Eve in the garden of health research a bite of the apple who's afraid of the randomized controlled trial \"One of Mummy's Ladies\" four women \"Real\" results women at risk the poverty of research from knowledge to understanding. Appendices: study guidelines study publications.

96 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the impact of the post-Cold War era on the social structure of the armed forces of the advanced societies and show how armed forces are seeking to redefine their role and redesign their structures in order to address the international and domestic challenges posed by these 'New Times'.
Abstract: ABS I RAC I This paper explores the impact of the post-Cold War era on the social structure of the armed forces of the advanced societies. The end of the Cold War is viewed as one aspect of a broader social transformation. These 'New Times' are defined in terms of the growth of risk complexity, globalization, the relocation of political authority to transnational and subnational agencies, challenges to national sovereignty, and the impact of globalized communications on the relationship between politics and public opinion. The paper shows how armed forces are seeking to redefine their role and redesign their structures in order to address the international and domestic challenges posed by these 'New Times'. The range of missions is being broadened and significant changes in the co-ordination of military and political decision-making are taking place. In response to strategic and financial pressures, armed forces are not only becoming smaller, they are also seeking to achieve greater flexibility in their organization structures. At the same time, armed forces have to respond to pressures from wider society to conform to civilian values such as social equality, as is reviewed in current debates on the position of women and homosexual personnel in the sel vices.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a veritable sociologie du modele, in which nombre de changements sociaux sont regis par des transferts de modeles.
Abstract: Cet article a pour ambition de jeter les bases d'une veritable sociologie du modele, tant son A. considere que nombre de changements sociaux sont regis par des transferts de modeles. Il place d'emblee son analyse dans un systeme d'echange mondial et propose de nombreux exemples. Le succes d'un modele releve d'une veritable dialectique dont il fournit une explication integree avec l'exemple de l'influence de modeles de consommation sur l'evolution de la protection du consommateur. Les mecanismes et les acteurs de la diffusion des modeles sont abondamment etudies : c'est ainsi que les modeles ont leurs missionnaires, leurs mercenaires, qu'il existe des marchands de modeles etc...



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The second edition surveys the recent changes that have taken place in psychoanalytic social theory, including critical theory, Lacanian and post-Lacanian theory, post-structuralism and feminism as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: This text is a benchmark critique of Freudian theory in which a dialogue between the Frankfurt School, the Lacanian tradition and post-Lacanian developments in critical and feminist theory is developed. Considering afresh the relations between self and society, Elliot argues for the importance of imagination and the unconscious in understanding issues about the self and self-identity, ideology and power, sexual difference and gender. The second edition surveys the recent changes that have taken place in psychoanalytic social theory. Traditions of thought covered include critical theory, Lacanian and post-Lacanian theory, post-structuralism and feminism.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Figurational sociology is associated with the writings of Norbert Elias as mentioned in this paper, who devised an approach to the study of human life which is now recognized as one of the major contributions to twentieth-century social science.
Abstract: Figurational sociology is associated with the writings of Norbert Elias. In his theory of 'the civilizing process' and his work on the activity of sociology, Elias devised an approach to the study of human life which is now recognized as one of the major contributions to twentieth-century social science.Working in collaboration with Eric Dunning, Elias developed a series of writings on sport and leisure. These have been so influential that in some circles they are identified as the leading approach in the field. However, the figurational approach has also been widely criticized. For some critics it exhibits all of the worst features of the now discredited 'liberal,' 'functionalist' school of sociology.This collection provides a major critical assessment of the figurational approach to our understanding of sport and leisure. Contributors explore the distinctive features of such an approach and show its application to matters of sport and leisure. However, this is not a one-sided collection. The editors invited critics of figurational sociology to set out their points of view. Feminist and neo-Marxist contributors, for example, spell out why they judge the approach to be of limited value. The concluding chapter, written by Eric Dunning, offers a major statement of what figurational sociologists argue and how their arguments differ from other leading approaches both generally and in the field of sport and leisure. This unique and accessible collection is an important contribution to the growing area of sport and leisure studies.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Goldthorpe recently attacked what he called "grand historical sociology" and argued that its methods and data were far inferior to those of sociologists who study the present as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In the pages of thisJournalJohn Goldthorpe recently (1991) attacked what he called 'grand historical sociology' (GHS) and argued that its methods and data were far inferior to those of sociologists who study the present. He named me as one of the GHS cast, if only in a walk-on role. I have to confess I find his polemic rather elusive. He is abusive yet poorly informed about GHS while being obsequious toward historians, for him the true custodians of the past.2 The payoff from his attack is also feeble: merely a warning that historical evidence, what he calls 'the relics', constitute rather imperfectevidence. Yes, indeed. None the less, it is worth responding to his attack, principally to remind sociologists of how essential grand macro-sociology is to our discipline.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A wide-ranging analysis of the emergence and development of liberalism, from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, is given in this paper, with a focus on the early years of the 20th century.
Abstract: This major new book is a wide-ranging analysis of the emergence and development of liberalism, from the mid-nineteenth century to the present.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined youth culture in a socialist society and found that the young rejected the harsh and irrelevant values promoted in the ideal youth culture the government packaged for their consumption, and instead they created their own subsulture adopting what they deemed most pertinent and desirable from the official ideology and from the conditions they encountered.
Abstract: This article examines youth culture in a socialist society. Pragmatism, consumerism, individual accomplishment, admiration for the West, and dissatisfaction with the Party, but support for the political system, stand out as the majorbeliefs of young Chinese in the 1980s. The young rejected the harsh and irrelevant values promoted in the ideal youth culture the government packaged for their consumption. Instead they created their own subsulture adopting what they deemed most pertinent and desirable from the official ideology and from the conditions they encountered. In light of these orientations, it is likely that the present policies will continue when this generation takes over political control.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the concept of leninism is examined and certain caracteristiques des mouvements d'opposition dans les regimes leninistes.
Abstract: Cet article etudie certaines caracteristiques des mouvements d'opposition dans les regimes leninistes. L'A. examine, en premier lieu, le concept de leninisme. Il montre quel est le dilemme au coeur de la pensee politique de Lenine. Celle-ci oscille entre une conception charismatique du pouvoir et une tendance a la gestion monocratique dans une societe de plus en plus differenciee et pluraliste. L'A. etudie ensuite la signification de l'opposition dans les regimes leninistes et en dresse une typologie (revisionnisme, dissidence, nationalisme)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In 1991, Goldthorpe ouvrait la voie a vaste debat sur les rapports entre ces deux disciplines as mentioned in this paper, which constitue un examen critique des positions de Goldhorpe sur certaines questions that pose une sociologie historique.
Abstract: En 1991, en publiant « The uses of history in sociology » , John Goldthorpe ouvrait la voie a un vaste debat sur les rapports entre ces deux disciplines. Cet article constitue un examen critique des positions de Goldthorpe sur certaines questions que pose une sociologie historique. L'A. degage trois points importants : l' « evidence » historique est caracterisee par une authenticite sociale et par une « multivalence » informationnelle ; la nature temporelle des phenomenes sociaux autorise un rapprochement entre les modes d'analyses de l'histoire et ceux de la sociologie, a savoir l'adoption d'une logique contextuelle d'explication ; l'emploi de sources historiques secondaires permet, sous certaines conditions, des liens non-arbitraires entre evidence et interpretation


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The form of my reply to the preceding four papers is conditioned by the large variation that they show in their content and quality as mentioned in this paper, and is conditioned on the fact that the strategy of their responses appears to be based on the gross mis-statement of these arguments and, secondly, on seeking to shift attention from the issues I raised by launching largely irrelevant attacks on my own work.
Abstract: The form of my reply to the preceding four papers is conditioned by the large variation that they show in their content and quality. Hart and Mann for the most part simply fail to engage with the main thrust of my original arguments. The strategy of their responses appears to be based, first, on the gross mis-statement of these arguments and, secondly, on seeking to shift attention from the issues I raised by launching largely irrelevant attacks on my own work. I have therefore to begin with one section on 'Misrepresentations' followed by another on 'Diversions'. Bryant also starts from a misapprehension of my position and devotes a good deal of his paper to establishing claims, the bearing of which on my position is not altogether apparent to me. Finally, though, Mouzelis, in the shortest piece of the four, does focus consistently on the central questions that I addressed, and I am grateful to him for some assurance that I am still capable of writing comprehensible English. I can then, fortunately, have a third section, mainly devoted to Mouzelis's paper and to the latter part of Bryant's, which is headed 'The Real Issues'. I may add that I am further grateful to Mouzelis, and to Bryant, for conducting a vigorous debate without, however, allowing personal animus to intrude.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the reduction of action to meaning and the relation between action and meaning is discussed. And the theory of action and its relation to rationality and social system are discussed.
Abstract: Introduction Part I: In Search of Action 1. Action and Behaviour 2. Action and Social System 3. Rationality and the Theory of Action 4. Action and Labour 5. Action and the Subject-Structure Relation 6. Action and Communication 7. Where to find Action Part II: Action as A Borderline Concept 1. The Reduction of Action to Meaning 2. Observance of Rules and Relation to Rules 3. The Revival of the Philosophy of Praxis 4. Life-World and Anonimous Intentionality 5. The Ontology of Understanding and the Hermeneutical Circle 6. Existential Phenomenology and Hermeneutic 7. Hermeneutic and Pragmatism Part III: General Categories of Action 1. Action and Desire 2. Insecurity and Identity 3. Action as Involvement: Care and Responsibility 4. Action and Transcendence Part IV: Power 1. Sociality and Normative Order 2. Inner Power 3. Outer Power 4. Structural Power and the Production of Inequality 5. Structural Power and Social System: the Crises of Power 6. Theories of Power and Theory of Action Part V: Problems of Method 1. Hermeneutic and Scientific Discourse 2. The Phenomenological Analysis of Action 3. Social Research in a Hermeneutical Perspective Part VI: Some Conclusions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an aspect of l'evolution which s'est operee depuis quelques annees dans les pratiques de maintien de l'ordre au sein de la police britannique.
Abstract: Cet article met en evidence un aspect de l'evolution qui s'est operee depuis quelques annees dans les pratiques de maintien de l'ordre au sein de la police britannique. La facon dont a ete reglee la question des manifestations « anti-poll tax » montre que la recherche de compromis fait desormais partie des strategies adoptees, notamment pour isoler les agitateurs. La coercition est gardee comme solution possible. Mais le fait nouveau qui consiste a evaluer les differents types de risques va a l'encontre de l'argument de ceux qui pretendent que la police s'oriente davantage vers la confrontation depuis la loi dite « Public Order Act » . Cet article se penche sur l'aspect institutionnel de cette evolution ainsi que sur la facon dont elle s'elabore dans l'interaction