Showing papers in "Buletin Kebun Raya in 2020"

PENGETAHUAN ETNOMEDISIN MASYARAKAT BALI TENTANG PARE (Momordica charantia L.; CUCURBITACEAE): SEBUAH KAJIAN KEPUSTAKAAN

Abstract: Momordica charantia is a herbaceous climber, in which the Indonesian people know the species with the name of "pare". This plant is used by the Balinese to make loloh (Balinese traditional herbal drink) to relieve heartburn, fainting and anti-diabetes. This study aims to reveal the uses of M. charantia and its pharmacological activities. The method used in data collection was using scientific databases, such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Springer Portal. The obtained data were then qualitatively analyzed. The results showed that M. charantia can be used as traditional medicine by the Balinese for several conditions namely limuh (fainting), barah/ beteg (swelling), pain dan chickenpox. M. charantia contains various pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antibacterial, antifertility, antiviral, antiulcer, anthelmintic, and antimalaria activities.

Flavonoids in the species of the family araceae: a review

Abstract: Flavonoids is one of the secondary metabolites and consists of two phenyl rings (A- and B-rings) connected by a three carbon bridge. Over 8000 kinds of flavonoids were reported from vascular plants and Bryophytes. This paper reviewed the flavonoid characters of the Araceae s.l. (including the Lemnaceae). Major flavonoids of the family were C-glycosylflavones with the exception for subfamilies Gymnostachydoideae and Orontioideae. Other flavonoid classes, i.e. anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, flavan and proanthocyanidins, were reported in all subfamilies. Flavanone and C-glycosylflavanone were isolated from Spirodela polyrhiza and Anthurium binotii, respectively. However, dihydroflavonol, chalcone, dihydrochalcone, aurone, and isoflavonoids were not reported in the Araceae. Although Araceae s.l. is a large family consisting of ca. 3645 species and ca. 144 genera, flavonoids were surveyed only in 146 species of 48 genera, as far as known.

Keanekaragaman jenis pohon dan potensi serapan karbon taman kehati bumi patra, indramayu, jawa barat

Abstract: The Indonesian government is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions through deforestation prevention and planting trees. Planting trees in urban areas is carried out, among others, through the development of urban forests and biodiversity parks. Biodiversity parks have the function to increasing biodiversity in urban areas and absorb greenhouse gases. This study aims to determine the diversity of trees at Bumi Patra Bidoversity Park in Indramayu and their contribution to carbon absorption. Inventory and measurement of tree diameter and height were carried out by census method. Bumi Patra Biodiversity Park covered an area of 19.30 hectares with 38 plant species, a total of 1,889 trees, or an average density of 98 trees per hectare. The species diversity index (H’) of vegetation in this biodiversity park is 3.16, with an evenness index (e) of 0.90 and a species richness index ® of 5.36. Biomass and carbon content in Bumi Patra Biodiversity Park was 123.38 tons or equivalent to 61.69 tons C. The average biomass and carbon potential per hectare was 6.38 ton/ha or 3.20 tons C/ha. Potential biomass and carbon content were dominated by angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) with 119.44 kg (59.72 tons C) and 2.62 tons (1.31 tons C), respectively.

Seed availability assessment and seed collection of wild plants in selabintana forest, mount gede pangrango national park, west java

Abstract: Many botanic gardens have been contributing to the achievement of Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) through seed banking of wild species. Cibodas Botanic Garden (CBG) seed bank as a part of Kew's Millenium Seed Bank Partnership has also been collecting and banking the seeds of Indonesian native plant species. The study aimed to assess seed availability in nature and collect the available seeds in Selabintana Forest, Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, to be stored in the long-term seed storage facility at CBG seed bank. Targeted species for the seed collection were focused on the native trees species with orthodox or approximately-orthodox seeds based on the Seed Information Database (SID) list. Pre-collection assessment and sampling of individuals within a population were using random sampling. Forty seed-producing plant species were reported. Due to the limitation number of seeds in the field (less than 250 seeds), only 33 species were Buletin Kebun Raya Vol.23 No. 1, April 2020 [36–45] | 37 collected. Six species were found with a large quantity of seeds, i.e. Begonia isoptera Dryand. ex Sm., Begonia sp., Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume, Pinanga javana Blume, Saurauia pendula Blume, and Symplocos sp. Most seeds were collected at 1,100–1,200 m asl, in the forest area, as a tree life form, and majority of the seeds were predicted as desiccation-tolerant (orthodox). Two species, i.e. P. javana and S. cauliflora DC., were listed in IUCN Red List as threatened species. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that high-quality seed collections are needed to ensure the long-term seed conservation.

Inventory, distribution, and dispersal pattern of epiphytic Rhododendron at Eka Karya Botanic Gardens Bali

Abstract: Epiphytic Rhododendrons is an important component in an ecosystem, but there is not much information and studies related to its ecology This research aims to inventory and study the distribution and distribution patterns of Rhododendron populations that grow naturally in Eka Karya Botanic Gardens Bali (KREK) Random sampling method was employed to census the host trees especially old ones (more than 20 years) that overgrown with Rhododendrons The results showed that there is one species of epiphytic Rhododendron identified in the KREK, namely Rhododendron javanicum It is found typically in thin substrate thickness with moderate light intensity, mostly in zone III and IV There were five host species, namely Bischofia javanica Blume, Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub, Glochidion rubrum Blume, Prunus sp, and Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp with a total number of 31 trees The results of this study would provide considerations for KREK managers to conserve, develop and utilize policies of epiphytic Rhododendron species

ASYMBIOTIC SEED GERMINATION AND PLANTLET DEVELOPMENT OF Dendrobium spectabile (Blume) Miq.

Abstract: Dendrobium spectabile (Blume) Miq. is one of Papuan orchids that is of economic value and threatened. At present, the optimal protocol for asymbiotic seed germination and planlet development of D. spectabile is not yet available. This research aimed to develop an optimal and comprehensive protocol for in vitro culture of D. spectabile to support the conservation and reintroduction of this species. The experiment was conducted using a completely random design, including seed sowing, protocorm subculture (subculture 1), plantlet subculture (subculture 2), and plantlet acclimatization. The highest germination rate at 3 MAS (months after sowing) was found in modified Knudson's C (92.59%). The first subculture at 4 MAP (months after planting) showed that the highest leaf and root growths were found in modified Vacin and Went (4.12 and 2.13, respectively). The second subculture at 6 MAP showed that the highest leaf growth was found in full strength of Murashige and Skoog supplemented with 100 g/l banana homogenate (5.49), while the highest number of roots and average root extension were found in half strength of Vacin and Went supplemented with 100 g/l banana homogenate (7.05 and 0.47 cm, respectively). The plantlets were best acclimatized in media consisting of tree fern fibre and sphagnum moss (2:1).

Struktur anatomi daun sebagai bukti dalam pembatasan takson tumbuhan berbunga: studi kasus 12 suku tumbuhan berbunga indonesia

Abstract: Plant diversity can not only be seen morphologically, but it can also be distinguished anatomically. Anatomical characters can be used to support and strengthen the plant classification. This study aims to determine the anatomical character of the leaves which can be used as a taxonomic identifier at the level of taxa through species representation. A total of 15 species belonging to 12 Indonesian flowering plant families were examined using the paraffin method for the transversal section and HNO3 was used for the paradermal section. Some anatomical characters observed in this study can be used as family characteristics or even species characteristics. The result revealed that all examined samples had similar anatomical characters with previous study which been carried out on the family, genus or species level. These similar anatomical characters consist of one to several characteristic such as stomatal type, anticlinal cell wall, mesophyll tissue, and vascular bundle (petiole and midrib). These results indicate that some anatomical characters can be used as specific characteristics from family level to species level.

OBSERVATION SERIES OF FLOWERING AND FRUITING PHENOLOGY OF Mischocarpus pentapetalus (Roxb.) Radlk. (SAPINDACEAE) IN CIBODAS BOTANIC GARDENS, 2014-2018

Abstract: Mischocarpus pentapetalus (Roxb.) Radlk. is a potential plant to be developed as a fruit tree and timber. A comprehensive observation of the reproductive stage of this species is still limited. In order to achieve a continuous and sequenced observation, a phenological study was conducted in Cibodas Botanic Gardens (CBG). This study aimed to observe the flowering and fruiting phase phenology of M. pentapetalus and analyze the microclimate’s effect related to the cycle. The observation conducted to three specimens of M. pentapetalus which were planted in January 1979 (Specimen I), January 1985 (Specimen II) and January 1987 (Specimen III), at CBG. The study used descriptive quantitative analysis based on the exploratoryinventory observation of flowering and fruiting phase data of Specimen I, and the microclimate conditions, both are assessed from 2014 to 2018. Specimen II and III were only observed for their phenology in 2019. The results showed that the microclimates condition of CBG for five years was relatively less diverse, except for precipitation (σ ≈ 1.367). This results suspected influenced the reproductive stages that dominantly occurred in the early and at the end of the year. In these periods occurred an increase in rainfall that emerges the flowers and nextdevelopment into the fruiting phase. Seeds harvesting and (re)stock suggested can be conducted on these periods in order to achieve maximum results.

DOSIS LETAL LD20 DAN LD50 SERTA EFEK IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA PADA PROTOKORM Dendrobium discolor Lindl.

Abstract: Gamma ray irradiation is one of plant breeding methods for increasing genetic diversity. In previous irradiation research of Dendrobium discolor Lindl. has not determined a dosage of LD20-50 yet, which generated the highest mutant variations. Thus, further research was carried out by increasing irradiation dosage. Research aimed were to determine the effect of irradiation on Dendrobium discolor Lindl. protocorms using lethal doses LD20 and LD 50, and to obtain new potential mutant with specific morphological characters and better plant performance. The dosages of Gamma ray irradiation used 0, 15, 30 and 60 Gray (Gy). A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six replicates was applied. The results showed that LD20 and LD50 values were 22,16 and 58,8 Gy. Gamma ray irradiation treatments of 15 Gy and 30 Gy dosages exhibited morphological changes in leaf shapes and more rosette in leaf arrangement. Consequently, these dosages ranged are recommended, particularly for this orchid species. Treatment of 60 Gy dosage caused entire explants died after 13 months irradiation, subsequent to the third subculture (MIV3).

Evaluasi kesuburan tanah pada berbagai tutupan lahan di kebun raya bogor

Abstract: Bogor Botanic Gardens (BBG), which one of the oldest Botanic Garden in Southeast Asia has more than 12.000 specimen of plants collections. The state soil fertility management is essential for collection in BBG, but currently the soil fertility in BBG unknown. This study aims to evaluate soil fertility condition with analysis of soil chemical and physical properties. Expected to a consideration in the collection management fertility herbs optimal expected to grow. The study conducted in March–October 2019. Methods used is land survey detail (1:5,000–1:10,000 of scales) to a special purpose fertility land the chemistry and physics properties. The sampling location determined by overlaying map of the garden, land cover (grass, litter, and without litter) and contour. The soil samples are collected using the sample ring and disturbed soil method. Variables were observed consisting of texture, pH, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, P2O5 available, K2O available, and C organic. The results showed soil fertility class in BBG had low until medium fertility (94,07 %) at various type of land cover. Covers litter having soil fertility higher compared to others (45,32%) (low–medium category). Advice that can be recommended is the litter zoning management, litter so that the process of decomposing organic cycle runs covered.

PERKECAMBAHAN DAN PREDIKSI MASA HIDUP TIGA JENIS Dendrobium MENGGUNAKAN EMPAT MACAM FORMULASI MEDIA

Abstract: Dendrobium is an important genus in Orchidaceae because it is widely used in crossbreeding and cut flowers. Seed is a valuable material for propagation as well as useful for maintaining genetic diversity. Seed banks play an important role in orchid conservation. This study aimed to find out the viability of Dendrobium macrophyllum, D. discolor, and D. crumenatum seeds, after being stored for 10 years, predicting the lifespan of seed, and knowing the appropriate germination medium. The method of testing seed viability is directly by germinating the seeds orchids on 4 culture media and calculate the percentage of seed germination. Seeds are stored at -20 ° C. Seed viability test was carried out in media: that are modified of Knudson'C (KC), Vacin and Went (VWs), Hyponex (HS) and Knudson C + micro elements (KCA). The results show that D. discolor seeds can be stored for up to 60 years, D. macrophyllum seeds can last up to 20 years, while D. crumenatum seeds lose viability after 9 years of storage. After nine years, the highest percentage of germination achieved by D. discolor was around 52.17%. The best medium for D. macrophyllum and D. crumenatum seed germination was KC. While D. discolor seeds germinated well on HS media.

DISTRIBUSI, EKOLOGI, DAN STATUS KONSERVASI Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C. Presl) Kubitzki DI KALIMANTAN

Abstract: Research on distribution, habitat, and conservation status of Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C Presl) Kubitzki growing on sandy coastal forests were conducted in Kalimantan, Indonesia The study showed that H nymphaeifolia were distributed in all regions of Kalimantan, but not always found in their habitat Species of plants dominated the habitat vegetation were Calophyllum inophyllum, Hibiscus tiliaceus and Pongamia pinnata Soil characteristic in the habitat was dominated with sandy structure with low nutrition content Seven populations and 44 mature trees were found in Kalimantan An assessment of the conservation status of H nymphaeifolia following IUCN guideline criteria showed that its status in Indonesia was Endangered (EN B2b(ii,iii)c(ii, iii)

PENINGKATAN KERAGAMAN Grammatophyllum scriptum (L.) Blume ASAL SULAWESI DENGAN IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA

Abstract: Grammatophyllum scriptum (L.) Blume or tiger orchid is one of Bogor Botanic Gardens’ collections which was collected from Sulawesi. Elongated stem of this species frequently occurred during in vitro propagation. Therefore, gamma irradiation was used in order to obtain mutation of protocorm. The aim of this study was to reduce the length of segment stem using gamma irradiation in order to generate rosette leaf arrangement as a candidate of superior mutant produced. Four doses of gamma irradiation were used viz. 0 Gy, 15 Gy, 30 Gy, and 45 Gy. Seeds were germinated in various modification media such as, modification of Knudson’C medium (KC and KCA), modification of VW medium, and modification of Hyponex medium. The result showed that VW modification medium gave best media for seeds germination. Subsequently, the protocorms growing in this medium were irradiated to create mutant. Based on data analysis showed that Lethal Dose 50 (LD 50) of protocorm G. scriptum was found in 43.46 Gy and for LD 20 was found in 20.9 Gy. Diverse stem morphology occurred in 15–30 Gy dose irradiation, meanwhile 45 Gy irradiation caused entire protocorms fail to recovery and finally dead.

Struktur vegetasi dan simpanan karbon hutan rakyat desa sambak, magelang, jawa tengah

Abstract: The Private forest is a forest developed on land owned by the private and not in a forest area. The diversity of plants that make up private forests depends on the interests of each landowner. One of the sustainable private forest practices is in Sambak Village, Kajoran District, Magelang Regency. It can be seen from the high level of population participation in planting forest plants on their lands. However, there is little information about the constituent vegetation planted in private forest practice. Therefore, this research was conducted to reveal private forest practices in Sambak Village. In addition, the calculation of carbon stock in private forests is also carried out to reveal the role of private forests in carbon absorption. The data collection technique used the transect method with an observation plot measuring 20x20 m with 50 m in the distance between plots. The method of calculating carbon stock used a non-destructive method by estimating carbon stock based on tree diameter and height. The composition of the plants that make up the private forest vegetation consists of 24 species from 16 families. Sengon dominated the vegetation that makes up the private forest. These results were following the calculation of the highest importance value index achieved by Sengon (70,67), Mahoni (52,18), Kelapa (37,53), and Nangka (25,21). The total carbon stock calculation has amounted to 24,53 ton C/ha and CO2 absorption of 90,05 ton CO2/ha. The highest carbon stock in the private forest of Sambak Village was Pinus 10,22 ton C/ha.

Keragaman dan analisis kekerabatan 30 jenis begonia berdasarkan karakter morfologi

Abstract: The living collection of Begonia in the Bogor Botanic Gardens has been used in hybridization to produce new varieties This study aimed to describe the morphological characters, diversity, and relationship between species The research was arranged in a randomized complete design with three replications Observations included 39 qualitative and eight quantitative variables Differences between species were tested using the F test at 5% and 1% significance level, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range tests The relationship between genotypes were analyzed using cluster analysis, and principal component analysis by SPSS version 23 Analysis of variance showed that species significantly affected all quantitative characters Principal components analysis on 30 Begonia species showed four components with initial eigenvalues >1 This value obtained from the reduction of 13 variables, and explained 6550% diversity Cluster analysis showed that the 30 Begonia species were clustered into six groups The Begonia breeding program at Bogor Botanic Gardens referred to the classification of Begonias with ornamental foliage Begonia species recommended for use for further breeding program are B holocericeoides, B kudoensis, and B rex from group I; B puspitae from group II; B coriaceae from group V; and B masoniana from group VI

IDENTIFIKASI DAN FENOLOGI KOLEKSI Canarium hirsutum Willd. DI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR

Abstract: Canarium cf. hirsutum, Bogor Botanic Gardens collection in vak Z.200–200a, originating from North Sulawesi, has a morphological character that is different from other Canarium species. The different morphological characters are the presence of brown and sharp feathers on the leaf stalks, leaf blades, buds, and rind. These two collections also have no stipules and have deciduous leaves. this research aimed to obtain a valid species name from Canarium cf. hirsutum in vak Z.200 and 200a and their phenological data. The identification was carried out observatively, with observations on the morphological characters of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruit, as well as flower anatomy. Furthermore, it is compared with specimen type, protologue, herbarium, and literatures. From the reidentification results, both plant collections are Canarium hirsutum Willd. These collections are dioecious, female trees at Z.200a and male trees at Z.200. The fallen leaves, twice a year in February to March and September to October. Shedding of leaves occurs for 1–2 months, and without leaves for 7–10 days. Female tree produces flowers four times and bears fruit twice. Male tree produces flowers twice. Young fruit appears 35 days after flowering appears. The development of fruit to harvest is for 10 months. Seed germination of five seeds from 18 fruits (27.7%) sown in March 2020, 44–93 days after sowing. Further research is necessary, especially related to the character of male and female flower structure, pollen beads, and repentiveness of the pistil.