Canadian Ethnic Studies 

About: Canadian Ethnic Studies is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Immigration & Multiculturalism. It has an ISSN identifier of 0008-3496. Over the lifetime, 417 publications have been published receiving 3846 citations. The journal is also known as: Études ethniques du Canada & Etudes ethniques du Canada.

Economic Integration of Recent Chinese Immigrants in Canada's Second-Tier Cities: The Triple Glass Effect and Immigrants' Downward Social Mobility

Abstract: In examining the economic integration of Chinese immigrants in Calgary and Edmonton, this study reveals that recent immigrants have encountered multi-faceted barriers, particularly in employment and language. Furthermore, they have experienced deskilling and devaluation of their prior learning and work experience after immigrating to Canada. As a consequence, many have suffered unemployment and underemployment, poor economic performance, and downward social mobility, which have adversely hindered their integration process. Immigrants’ negative experience can be attributed to a triple glass effect consisting of a glass gate, glass door , and glass ceiling . While a glass gate denies immigrants’ entrance to guarded professional communities, a glass door blocks immigrants’ access to professional employment at high-wage firms. It is the glass ceiling which prevents immigrants from moving up to management positions because of their ethnic and cultural differences. This study calls for the adoption of an inclusive framework that works toward recognitive justice in balancing freedom of mobility with recognition and full membership in Canada. Abstract: Un examen de l’integration economique des immigres chinois a Calgary et a Edmonton revele dans cette etude que ceux qui sont arrives recemment se heurtent a des obstacles sur plusieurs fronts, en particulier en ce qui concerne la langue et l’emploi. De plus, suite a leur immigration au Canada, ils ont vecu une dequalification et une devaluation de leur education et de leur experience professionnelle passees. En consequence, beaucoup d’entre eux ont subi le chomage et le sous-emploi, des mecomptes sur le plan financier et une mobilite sociale vers le bas qui ont nui a leur processus d’integration. On peut attribuer l’experience negative des immigres a l’effet d’une triple barriere invisible , a savoir une entree , une porte et un plafond de verre . Alors que la premiere refuse aux immigres l’accession a des communautes professionnelles tenues comme des chasses gardees, la deuxieme bloque l’acces a une situation dans des firmes a hauts revenus. Mais c’est le troisieme qui empeche les immigres d’atteindre des postes de cadres, du fait de leurs differences ethniques et culturelles. Cette etude est un appel pour l’adoption d’un cadre de travail inclusif qui montre la voie vers une justice recognitive faisant la part entre liberte de mobilite et appartenance pleine et entiere au Canada.

The Intersecting Dynamics of Social Exclusion: Age, Gender, Race and Immigrant Status in Canada's Labour Market

Abstract: Through the use of a social exclusion framework and analysis of recent data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (2009), a national longitudinal database, this empirical research investigates the mechanisms through which social groups are made and socio-economic outcomes are determined in Canada today. Our objective is to explore and describe the social characteristics and personal attributes that intersect to direct divergent economic realities. To this end, we initially present a brief review of the social exclusion literature, as well as descriptive data on several aspects of age and immigration. This is followed by logistic regressions for five dimensions of economic exclusion, to examine who is made socially excluded in economic terms in Canada. Subsequently, to progress the analysis from a focus on the individual effects of specific social attributes, we calculate the combined odds of two dimensions of economic exclusion (low individual earnings and insecure employment) for eight prototypes of individuals, to highlight the intersecting effects of social dynamics related to age, gender, visible minority status and immigrant status, and to ultimately explore who gets ahead and who falls behind in the Canadian labour market. We conclude with a discussion of policy and research implications. Resume: A partir d’un cadre d’exclusion sociale et de l’analyse de donnees recentes de l’Enquete sur la dynamique du travail et du revenu de 2009, une base de donnees longitudinale et nationale, cette recherche empirique etudie les mecanismes de formation des groupes sociaux et d’identification des enjeux socio-economiques d’aujourd’hui au Canada. Notre objectif est d’explorer et de decrire les caracteristiques sociales et les attributs personnels qui s’entrecoupent pour adresser des realites pecuniaires divergentes. A cette fin, nous presentons d’abord une breve revue de la documentation sur l’ostracisme social, ainsi que des donnees descriptives sur plusieurs aspects de l’âge et de l’immigration. Puis, nous en venons aux regressions logistiques pour cinq dimensions de l’exclusion economique, afin d’examiner qui est socialement l’objet d’un rejet en termes financiers au Canada. Ensuite, pour faire avancer l’analyse a partir d’une focalisation sur les effets individuels d’attributs sociaux specifiques, nous calculons les probabilites de deux composantes de cette exclusion economique (de bas revenus individuels et un travail precaire) pour huit prototypes d’individus, afin de mettre en lumiere les effets croises de dynamiques sociales reliees a l’âge, au genre, au statut de minorite visible et a celui d’immigre, et pour finalement explorer qui passe devant et qui reste en arriere dans le marche du travail. Nous concluons avec un examen des implications a etudier dans les domaines des politiques et de la recherche.

The Social Networks, Social Support and Social Capital of Syrian Refugees Privately Sponsored to Settle in Montreal: Indications for Employment and Housing during Their Early Experiences of Integration

Abstract: Abstract:Beginning in 2015, Canada undertook an exceptional undertaking of sponsoring of more than 40,000 Syrian refugees to resettle in Canada. As the excitement of their initial arrivals dissipates, it is important to consider their longer-term settlement and integration in their new communities. This article offers a portrait and analysis of how Syrian refugees sponsored to Montreal are able to create social networks and access social support in order to build social capital for employment and housing purposes. Part of a larger, three-province, 4-year longitudinal study, here we report on the first wave of survey data collected from 626 Privately-Sponsored Refugees living in Quebec. We report on their family support and friendships, as well as the ways that these social connections helped them in terms of employment and housing. Differences in terms of age, gender and time in Canada are analyzed. We find strong evidence of bonding social capital among recently resettled Syrians in Montreal, and growing bridging capital.Résumé:Depuis 2015, le Canada est engagé dans un processus exceptionnel de parrainage de plus de 40,000 réfugiés syriens réinstallés au Canada. Alors que l'enthousiasme initial suscité par leur arrivée se dissipe, il est important d'examiner leur installation et leur intégration à long terme au sein de leurs nouvelles communautés. Cet article offre un portrait et une analyse de la manière dont les réfugiés syriens établis à Montréal réussissent à créer des réseaux sociaux et à accéder à l'appui social afin de pouvoir développer du capital social pour les fins de l'emploi et du logement. Faisant partie d'un projet longitudinal de 4 ans dans 3 provinces, ici nous partageons une partie des résultats de la première vague de données provenant de 626 réfugiés parrainés par la collectivité et vivant au Québec. Nous décrivons leur réseau de soutien familial et social et comment ces connections sociales les ont aidé à accéder à l'emploi et au logement. Les différences en termes d'âge, de genre et de résidences au Canada sont analysés. Nous observons une forte présence du capital social de liaison (bonding) parmi les réfugiés syriens installés dans la région de Montréal, et l'émergence du capital social de transition (bridging).

Theorizing Micro-aggressions as Racism 3.0: Shifting the Discourse

Abstract: Awareness is mounting of a new racialized discourse that promises to profoundly challenge how we think and talk about racism. Micro-aggressions consist of those words and interactions perceived as racist by racialized targets that rarely reflect vindictive intent yet inadvertently inflict insult or injury. A theorizing of micro-aggression as racism 3.0 secures a discursive framework that not only situates the definitional locus of racism within the lived-experiences of the micro-aggressed. It also re-positions the debate over who decides what counts as racism, what racisms count by transferring the focus of racism from a set of conditions to a claims-making process. This paper analyzes the distinction between racism 3.0 and racisms 1.0 and 2.0; explores the micro-aggression ‘turn’ that defines racism 3.0; examines micro-aggressions within the linguistic context of everyday racism; re-conceptualizes racism through the interpretive lens of claims-making (“racism-making”); and demonstrates how racism 3.0 offers a distinctive perspective for understanding contemporary racism. Data for this paper are drawn from a synthesis of existing sources. Resume: La sensibilisation consiste a ressasser un nouveau discours racialise qui promet de profondement remettre en question la facon dont nous pensons et parlons a propos du racisme. Les micro-agressions sont faites de ces mots et interactions percues comme racistes par des cibles racialisees qui refletent rarement une intention vindicative, mais qui pourtant inflige par inadvertance des insultes ou blessures. Une theorisation de micro-agression comme racisme 3.0 assure un cadre discursif qui, non seulement situe le lieu de definition du racisme au sein des experiences vecues des micro-agresses. Elle repositionne egalement le debat sur qui decide de ce qui compte comme racisme, quel racisme compte, en transferant le centre du racisme a partir d’un ensemble de conditions vers un processus de revendication. Cet article analyse la distinction entre le racisme 3.0 et les racismes 1.0 et 2.0; il explore la micro-agression « tournant » qui definit le racisme 3.0; examine les micro-agressions dans le contexte linguistique du racisme au quotidien ; re-conceptualise le racisme a travers le regard interpretatif des revendications (« racialisation ») ; et demontre comment le racisme 3.0 offre une approche analytique differente pour comprendre le racisme contemporain. Les donnees de ce document sont tirees d’une synthese des sources existantes.

Language Policies and Programs for Adult Immigrants in Canada: A Critical Analysis

Abstract: This paper explores current issues in English as a Second Language (ESL (1)) policies and programs for adult immigrants in Canada from a critical multiculturalism perspective. In the context of Canadian policies on immigration, bilingualism, and multiculturalism, the paper first provides an overview of language education in Canada historically. Current trends and issues in language programs for adult immigrants are then explored by examining discourses of integration at the level of both policy and practice, by looking at problems of teaching Canadian values, and by critiquing the emphasis on employability in language programs. Implications for language education for adult immigrants are also discussed. Resume Dans cet article, nous explorons les questions actuelles dans la politique et les programmes pour immigrants adultes au Canada concernant I'anglais, langue seconde (ALS(2)), et ce a partir d'une perspective critique et multiculturelle. Dans le contexte des mesures gouvernementales canadiennes en immigration, en bilinguisme et en multiculturalisme, cet article offre d'abord un survol historique de l'enseignement des langues au Canada. Puis, nous explorons les tendances et les problemes actueis dans les programmes de langue pour les immigrants adultes, en etudiant les discours d'integration au niveau a la fois de la politique et de la mise en pratique, en notant les probiemes de l'enseignement des valeurs canadiennes et en critiquant l'emphase portee dans les programmes en question pour en faire un outil. Nous y examinons aussi les implications que cela entraine pour l'apprentissage des langues chez les adultes immigrants. INTRODUCTION Canada has a tradition of actively recruiting immigrants from abroad for its long-term economic and political interests. Canada's full economic benefits of immigration depend on the integration of immigrants. Numerous ESL programs exist for adult immigrants in NGOs and educational institutions across the country to help immigrants integrate into Canadian society and to foster good language skills (Derwing and Thompson 2005). Current immigration and adult immigrant language policies endorse a conceptual framework of integration, but the policy in practice is problematic. Many language programs for adult immigrants tend to focus on teaching Canadian values, thus ignoring the complexity and ambiguity of the cultural experience of most newcomers. These programs also emphasize presentability and employability of immigrants through processes such as anglicizing one's names, acquiring 'soft skills' and 'fitting in' the Canadian work place. From Fraser's (2009) recognitive justice perspective, current policies and programs for adult immigrants are seriously compromised. The purpose of this article is to examine how the shift in Canada's immigration policies parallels with the shift in language policies and programs for adult immigrants and the limitations of the emphasis on employment preparation in current ESL programs. Canadian policies on immigration, bilingualism, and multiculturalism have all interacted with larger global trends to produce the current state of language programs for adult immigrants. Accordingly, these three policy areas are central to any discussion of language programs for adult immigrants. This article starts with a discussion of these three policy areas. IMMIGRATION CONTEXT In the quest to understand the constellation of language policies and programs for adult immigrants, it is necessary to examine Canada's immigration policy in the historical context because "the marginal positioning of the Other was maintained through the operation of immigration and multicultural policies" (Haque 2012, 24). Canadian immigration policy in history was unambiguously racist, explicitly discouraging or barring outright "non-white, non-European ... immigration" (Taylor 1991, 2). According to Li (2003a), immigration to Canada since the late nineteenth century can be classified into four phases, each governed by a state policy that defined and welcomed a particular class of desirable immigrants and restricting the entry of those considered undesirable (Li 2003a). …